In the coming years, Cambodia plans to reduce its reliance on imports, including those from Viet Nam, potentially freeing up generation in Viet Nam for domestic use or exports to other countries. However, Viet Nam also expects to import more electricity from Lao PDR, with the two countries having signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for the joint development of power projects in Lao PDR, and new interconnectors and imports into Viet Nam are as follows:

Up to 2020: development of 29 hydropower plants with a total capacity of 1 350 MW, with about 1 000 MW allocated for export to Viet Nam.

From 2021 to 2025: development of an additional 29 hydropower plants (58 in total) with an overall installed capacity of 3 925 MW, of which around 3 000 MW would be for export to Viet Nam.

From 2026 to 2030: further hydropower development leading to total export capacity (to Viet Nam) of about 5 000 MW.

APG region: South

Indonesia (Sumatra)

Indonesia is the largest of the ten AMS in terms of geography, population and electricity demand. As an archipelagic country, however, demand and supply characteristics vary widely. One of the big five islands – Sumatra – is close to peninsular Malaysia. Home to 12 million customers, Sumatra is also Indonesia’s second-largest source of electricity demand.

Sumatra’s power system has about 13 GW of installed capacity, which includes a mix of fossil fuels, hydropower and geothermal. A third of the total capacity is coal-based, and natural gas supplies another third. Diesel generation is also widespread, with oil capacity making up a fifth of the total. Geothermal makes up 3% of total power capacity and hydropower 13%.

Figure 20. Indonesia (Sumatra) power mix, 2017

Source: ASEAN Centre for Energy.

Fossil fuels make up the largest part of the power mix, with coal and gas accounting for almost a third each.

Indonesia’s power market structure is a conventional monopolistic market with PLN (or National Power Utility) as the single buyer as well as the retailer. PLN develops, owns and operates the transmission and distribution system. On the generation side, PLN has PT PJB (Java–Bali Power Utility) and Indonesia Power as subsidiary companies that are responsible for

33