книги / 794
.pdf
II-4. ICT
4.16. ICT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: 2010 2014 . / ..
: OECD, PIAAC , www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/publicdataandanalysis, 2015 12 .
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585704
ICT ?
ICT. ICT1) ICT . 2) . 3) ICT.
40 (ManpowerGroup, 2016)10 "IT " 2
( 4.1 ).
|
4.1. 10 (2016) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
2 |
|
IT |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
8 |
|
/ |
|
|
|
9 |
|
/ |
10 |
|
|
: (ManpowerGroup, 2016), , http://manpowergroup.com/talent-shortage-2016.
2017 OECD |
201 |
II-4. ICT
, ICT ( 3.5%) 2012 2014 ( 4.17).. (2% ) ,, . , ICT 41% ICTICT .
ICT
.( , ). . .,.
ICT . 20162.5 , 2.0 . ICT , , ( 4.18). 20092016 ,. ICT.
4.17. ICT
ICT
|
|
|
|
|
EU28 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
202 |
2017 OECD |
II-4. ICT
: , ( ), http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/digital-economy-and-society/data /comprehensivedatabase(2017 6 ).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585723
4.18. ICT
|
|
|
|
EU28 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: ICT ISIC Rev.4, J . 2010 2016 .2011 2016 . EU28 2012 2016.
: , “ ( ) ”, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Job_vacancy_statistics
(2017 6 ).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585742
,. .( , ).8
,.. , .
, ,, (Burning Glass)ICT . 4.19 201616% 8% 2013.2013 . ICT2015 2016 .
2017 OECD |
203 |
II-4. ICT
4.19. ICT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: (Burning Glass, 2017 4 ) .
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585761
ICT. , 20092010 ( 4.20).
ICT .
. ICT .
4.20. ICT
, 2006 1 = 100
: , http://lmip.gov.au/default.aspx?LMIP/VacancyReport(2017 8 ). 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585780
204 |
2017 OECD |
II-4. ICT
. ,,. .1) , 2), 3) .
4.21 ICT
2001~16 . 24 ICT .
, 1% . ICTICT .
ICT .
ICT ICT , ICT .
ICT ICT. 2016 , ICTOECD 3.6% ( 4.22). 2003~16 ICT4% 4.7%, 3.2% 4.1%, 3.6% 3.8% .
4.21. (2001~16)
IT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EU28 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: ICT = .
: (Eurostat), (GDP ) ( ), http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/national-accou nts/data/database(2017 8 ).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585799
2017 OECD |
205 |
II-4. ICT
4.22. ICT (2016)
ICT |
|
|
|
ICT |
ICT |
|
|
|
ICT , 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD |
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: ICT "ICT , ICT ". 133, 215, 25, 35, 742( OECD [2004; 2013] ) ISCO-08 3. OECD . 2015 . ICT = .
: , (2017 7 ). 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585818
4.23 . OECD 5.5% ICT, 1.4% .
, 5~15 ICT (EC, 2014, OECD, 2014b)...
4.23. ICT (2016)
|
|
|
|
|
OECD |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
206 |
2017 OECD |
II-4. ICT
: ICT "ICT , ICT ". 133, 215, 25, 35, 742( OECD [2004; 2013] ) ISCO-08 3. OECD . 2015 .
: , (2017 7 ) . 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585837
OECD ICT2015 3.5% ( 4.24). ICT (8.5%) , , , , (5%~7%) ,(1% ) .
4.24. (2015)
|
|
OECD |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: ISCED-11 5-8 .. ICT.
: OECD, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/edu-db-data-en(2017 7).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585856
, , ,. OECD ICT 2009 30% ( 4.25). OECD 2009 2014 ICT .
2017 OECD |
207 |
II-4. ICT
4.25. ICT
2014
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OECD
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: ICT ISIC rev.4 J , ( 26 ). , , , , , 2015 . , , ,, , , 2013 . , 20082012 . 2011 . 20092010 . 2009 2011 . OECD.
: OECD, " : R&D - ISIC Rev. 4", OECD R&D ( ), http://o e.cd/sti/rds(2017 6 ).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585875
ICT
.
4.26 CIS( ), .(OPS) . CIS51.5% 22.8% . 40% . OPS36.6% 17% .CIS OPS .
208 |
2017 OECD |
II-4. ICT
4.26. (2012)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: / . CIS = ; OPS = .
: OECD PIAAC , www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/publicdataandanalysis(2015 10 ).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585894
ICT .
CIS( ) 20 15 ICT.9 (ISCO-08 242, 121, 112 134)/(122, 243)/ , / (212, 241 331)/ (211 214)/ (231)/ (261)/ , (262)/ (111) .
CIS OPS ICT.
CIS( ) OPS
4.27 CIS . 2014 , CIS 64% 33%. 2011 2014 , , ,CIS .(3.7% ) , (2.9% ), (1.7%) .
4.28 2011 2014 OPS . 2014 OPS 42.6% 25.7%. 2011 14 OPS . (2.5%
2017 OECD |
209 |
II-4. ICT
) (2.0% ), (1.5% ) .
4.27. ICT ( , CIS)
CIS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: . 2010 2014 ./ . CIS = .
: OECD PIAAC , www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/publicdataandanalysis (2015 12) .
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585913
4.28. ICT (OPS)
OPS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
: . 2010 2014 . /. OPS = .
: OECD PIAAC , www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/publicdataandanalysis (2015 12) .
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933585932
210 |
2017 OECD |