
- •Foreword
- •Table of contents
- •1. Executive summary
- •Overview
- •Energy sector transformation
- •Taxation
- •Energy market reform
- •Energy security and regional integration
- •Key recommendations
- •2. General energy policy
- •Country overview
- •Energy supply and demand
- •Energy production and self-sufficiency
- •Energy consumption
- •Key institutions
- •Policy and targets
- •Energy sector transformation and independence
- •Taxation
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •3. Oil shale
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Policy and regulatory framework
- •Industry structure
- •Environmental impact from oil shale production and use
- •Future of oil shale
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Oil production
- •Trade: Imports and exports
- •Shale oil
- •Oil products
- •Oil demand
- •Market structure
- •Prices and taxes
- •Upstream – Oil shale liquefaction
- •Infrastructure
- •Refining
- •Ports and road network
- •Storage
- •Emergency response policy
- •Oil emergency reserves
- •Assessment
- •Oil markets
- •Oil security
- •Recommendations
- •5. Electricity
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Electricity generation
- •Imports and exports
- •Electricity consumption
- •Electricity prices and taxes
- •Market structure
- •Wholesale and distribution market
- •Interconnections
- •Synchronisation with continental Europe
- •Network balancing
- •Electricity security
- •Generation adequacy
- •Reliability of electricity supplies
- •Assessment
- •Security of supply
- •Recommendations
- •6. Natural gas
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Consumption of natural gas
- •Trade
- •Production of biomethane
- •Market structure
- •Unbundling of the gas network
- •Wholesale
- •Retail
- •Price and tariffs
- •Financial support for biomethane
- •Infrastructure
- •Gas network
- •Recent changes in network
- •LNG terminal
- •Storage
- •Infrastructure developments
- •Biomethane infrastructure
- •Regional network interconnections
- •Gas emergency response
- •Gas emergency policy and organisation
- •Network resilience
- •Emergency response measures
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •7. Energy, environment and climate change
- •Overview
- •Energy-related CO2 emissions and carbon intensity
- •Climate policy framework
- •The EU climate framework
- •Domestic climate policies
- •Policies to reduce emissions from the electricity sector
- •Policies to reduce emissions from the transport sector
- •Improving the energy efficiency of the vehicle fleet
- •Alternative fuels and technologies
- •Public transport and mode shifting
- •Taxation
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •8. Renewable energy
- •Overview
- •Renewable energy supply and consumption
- •Renewable energy in total primary energy supply
- •Renewable electricity generation
- •Renewables in heat production
- •Renewables in transport
- •Targets, policy and regulation
- •Measures supporting renewable electricity
- •Wind
- •Solar
- •Hydropower
- •System integration of renewables
- •Bioenergy
- •Measures supporting renewable heat
- •Measures supporting renewables in transport
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •9. Energy efficiency
- •Overview
- •Energy consumption by sector
- •Residential sector
- •Industry and commercial sectors
- •Transport
- •Energy efficiency policy framework and targets
- •Targets for 2020 and 2030
- •Energy efficiency in buildings
- •Residential building sector
- •Public sector buildings
- •Support measures
- •District heating
- •District heating market and regulation
- •District heating energy efficiency potential and barriers
- •Industry
- •Transport
- •Assessment
- •Buildings and demand for heating and cooling
- •District heating
- •Industry
- •Challenges
- •Recommendations
- •10. Energy technology research, development and demonstration
- •Overview
- •Public spending on energy RD&D
- •General RD&D strategy and organisational structure
- •Energy RD&D priorities, funding and implementation
- •Industry collaboration
- •International collaboration
- •IEA technology collaboration programmes
- •Other engagements
- •Horizon 2020
- •Baltic collaboration
- •Nordic-Baltic Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on Energy Research Programme
- •Monitoring and evaluation
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •ANNEX A: Institutions and organisations with energy sector responsibilities
- •ANNEX B: Organisations visited
- •Review criteria
- •Review team
- •IEA member countries
- •International Energy Agency
- •Organisations visited
- •ANNEX C: Energy balances and key statistical data
- •ANNEX D: International Energy Agency “Shared Goals”
- •ANNEX E: List of abbreviations
- •Acronyms and abbreviations
- •Units of measure

9. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Recommendations
The government of Estonia should:
Increase the financial support for the renovation of the existing building stock, in particular residential buildings, ensure continuity in available budget and develop an ESCO market.
Facilitate and simplify the grant application process for the renovation of private houses.
Improve the understanding of the energy efficiency potential of the industrial sectors by aggregating existing audit data and by international benchmarking.
Increase requirements on industry to implement the findings of the energy audits.
Encourage energy efficiency investments by district heating companies, for instance by amending the tariff regulation methodology in the District Heating Act so that benefits can be shared by consumers and the companies.
References
BSERC (Black Sea Energy Research Centre) (2017), HERON Special Edition: Energy Efficiency Barriers in Buildings and Transport: 8 National Cases, BSERC, Sofia, www.buildup.eu/en/practices/publications/heron-special-edition-energy-efficiency-barriers- buildings-and-transport.
CO2mmunity (2018), The Housing Association Vilde 70 in Tallinn, Estonia Carries Out an Energy Efficiency Renovation Including a Solar PV Installation, http://co2mmunity.eu/wp- content/uploads/2018/10/Fact-sheet-Housing-Association-Vilde-70.pdf.
EC (European Commission) (2019), 2018 Assessment of the Prgress Made by Member States Towards the National Energy Efficiency Targets for 2020 and Towards the Implementation of the Energy Efficiency Directive as Required by Article 24(3) of the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU, EC, Brussels, https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2019/EN/COM-2019-224-F1-EN-MAIN- PART-1.PDF.
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2019a), World Energy Balances 2019 (database), IEA, Paris, www.iea.org/statistics.
IEA (2019b), Energy Efficiency Indicators 2019 (database), IEA, Paris, www.iea.org/statistics.
MEAC (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications) (2018), Estonian National Energy and Climate Plan, MEAC, Tallinn, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/ec_courtesy_translation_ee_necp.p df.
MEAC (2017a), National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, MEAC, Tallinn, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficiency-directive/national- energy-efficiency-action-plans.
MEAC (2017b), National Development Plan of the Energy Sector until 2030, MEAC, Tallinn, https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/ndpes_2030_eng.pdf.
MEAC (2017c), National Strategy for the Reconstruction of Buildings to Improve Energy Efficiency, MEAC, Tallinn, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/ee_building_renov_2017_en.pdf.
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9. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Odyssee-Mure (2018), Consumption of Household per m² for Space Heating, www.indicators.odyssee-mure.eu/energy-indicators/household-heating-consumption.html.
Riigikogu (2016), Energy Sector Organisation Act, Riigikogu, Tallinn, https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/502092016001/consolide.
Statistics Estonia (2013), Conventional Dwellings by Time of Construction and County, 31 December 2011, Statistics Estonia, https://www.stat.ee/68514.
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