9. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Transport
Transport sector energy consumption was affected by the overall decline in energy demand after the financial crisis. From 2007 to 2009, transport consumption fell by 12%. Since then, however, demand has increased again and in 2017 stood at 0.81 Mtoe, only 1% below the 2007 peak (Figure 9.8).
Nearly all transport energy consumption is covered by oil fuels. In 2017, diesel accounted for 65% and gasoline for 33% of transport energy consumption. The rest was minor shares of biofuels, natural gas and electricity.
Figure 9.8 TFC in transport by source, 2000-17
1.0 |
Mtoe |
|
Oil |
||
|
||
0.8 |
Natural gas* |
|
|
||
0.6 |
Biofuels* |
|
0.4 |
Electricity* |
|
|
0.2
0 
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
IEA 2019. All rights reserved.
Domestic transport energy demand is increasing, and nearly entirely dependent on oil fuels.
* Not visible on this scale.
Notes: Mtoe = million tonnes of oil-equivalent. The transport sector demand excludes international aviation and navigation.
Source: IEA (2019a), World Energy Balances 2019, www.iea.org/statistics.
Energy efficiency policy framework and targets
Estonia’s energy efficiency policy is guided by the EU Energy Efficiency Directives (EED), the EU’s 2030 Framework for Climate and Energy, and the EU’s international energy and climate commitments. Estonia’s obligations under the EU’s EEDs include the preparation of national energy efficiency action plans. The latest plan was in 2017 and will be the last as energy efficiency reporting will be subsumed into the National Energy & Climate Plan 2021-2030 as from 2021. In addition to the national level plan, 113 public bodies at Estonia’s municipal and city levels also had to prepare energy efficiency action plans by 2017 (MEAC, 2017a).
The National Development Plan of the Energy Sector (NDPES) set the main policy framework for energy efficiency in Estonia and guides the preparation of the national energy efficiency action plans. The NDPES to 2030 became effective in 2017 and replaced the NDPES 2020 (MEAC, 2017b).
The 2016 Energy Sector Organisation Act (ESOA) transposes the 2012 EU EED (2012/27/EU) into Estonian law. The ESOA provides the foundation for the establishment
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