2. GENERAL ENERGY POLICY

Figure 2.2 Trends in the growth of the economy, population and energy indicators

India’s energy demand and emissions are steadily growing, driven by strong growth in GDP.

Source: IEA (2019a), World Energy Balances 2019, www.iea.org/statistics/.

Energy consumption

India’s TFC increased by 50% in the decade from 2007 to 2017, with significant growth across all sectors (Figure 2.3). Half of the growth came from the industrial sector, which accounted for 42% of TFC in 2017, including non-energy consumption.

Figure 2.3 TFC by sector, 1973-2017

India’s TFC has increased by 50% in the past decade, with growth across all sectors, but the largest increases in industry and transport.

*Industry includes non-energy consumption.

**Services/other includes commercial and public services, agriculture and forestry. Note: Years run from 1 April to 31 March.

Source: IEA (2019a), World Energy Balances 2019, www.iea.org/statistics/.

Industry consumes a mix of coal, oil, natural gas, electricity and biofuels, with fossil fuels together representing 56% of total consumption (not counting electricity production) (Figure 2.4).

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1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 IEA 2019.

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India’s energy supply has increased by 55% in the last decade, relying on rapid growth in fossil fuels, which accounted for three-quarters of TPES in 2017.

*Other renewables include hydro, solar and wind.

Notes: Bioenergy data are estimated by the IEA; years run from 1 April to 31 March. Source: IEA (2019a), World Energy Balances 2019, www.iea.org/statistics/.

Energy production and self-sufficiency

Coal and biomass dominate India’s domestic energy production. In 2017 coal accounted for nearly half of total production, while bioenergy and waste were estimated to provide another third (Figure 2.6). India’s oil and gas production is relatively low, and the country is dependent on imports, especially for oil (Figure 2.7).

Figure 2.6 Energy production by source, 1974-2017

Domestic energy production has steadily increased for several decades and is dominated by coal and bioenergy.

*Other renewables include hydro, solar and wind.

Notes: Bioenergy data are estimated by the IEA; years run from 1 April to 30 March. Source: IEA (2019a), World Energy Balances 2019, www.iea.org/statistics/.

Despite rapid growth, domestic energy production has not kept up with the increase in energy demand. As a result, India has become increasingly dependent on imports. Imports of oil have been increasing at a constant rate and imports of natural gas are rising fast amid a sharp decline in domestic production (Figure 2.7). However, coal imports fell by

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TPES change 2007-17

2. GENERAL ENERGY POLICY

Figure 2.9 TPES by country, G20 countries, 2007 and 2017

India’s energy supply increased by 55% between 2007 and 2017, but remains low compared to the major G20 economies United States and the People’s Republic of China.

Source: IEA (2019a), World Energy Balances 2019, www.iea.org/statistics/.

Figure 2.10 TPES by fuel, G20 countries, 2017

IEA 2019. All rights reserved.

India has a lower share of fossil fuels in TPES than most G20 countries, but that is mostly from traditional use of biomass.

*Coal also includes shares of peat and oil shale. **Other renewables include hydro, solar and wind.

Notes: Does not include electricity imports and exports. Bioenergy data for India are estimated by the IEA. For India, the year run from 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2018.

Source: IEA (2019a), World Energy Balances 2019, www.iea.org/statistics/.

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