книги / 715
.pdf
URANIUM SUPPLY
Table 1.2b. Identified resources (in situ)**
(as of 1 January 2017, tonnes U, rounded to nearest 100 tonnes)
|
Country |
|
|
|
|
|
Cost ranges |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Algeria(c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
26 000 |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Argentina(d) |
|
3 400 |
12 700 |
41 700 |
43 100 |
|||||
|
Australia(d) |
|
|
NA |
|
NA |
2 668 500 |
3 007 200 |
|||
|
Botswana* |
|
0 |
0 |
118 600 |
118 600 |
|||||
|
Brazil |
|
184 300 |
314 600 |
382 300 |
382 300 |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canada(d) |
|
351 300 |
413 800 |
680 700 |
1 119 800 |
|||||
|
Central African Republic* |
|
0 |
0 |
42 700 |
42 700 |
|||||
|
Chad*(a, e) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
3 200 |
|
Chile(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 900 |
|||||
|
China (People’s Republic of) |
|
127 800 |
284 200 |
370 900 |
370 900 |
|||||
|
Congo, Dem. Rep.* (a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 600 |
|||||
|
Czech Republic(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
1 900 |
197 100 |
|||||
|
Egypt(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 500 |
|||||
|
Finland(c) |
|
0 |
0 |
1 500 |
1 500 |
|||||
|
Gabon(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
6 400 |
7 700 |
|||||
|
Germany(c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 300 |
|||||
|
Greece(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 300 |
|||||
|
Greenland(f) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
227 900 |
|||||
|
Hungary(c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
17 900 |
|||||
|
India(e) |
|
|
NA |
|
NA |
|
NA |
207 700 |
||
|
Indonesia(b) |
|
0 |
2 000 |
10 100 |
10 100 |
|||||
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of(b) |
|
0 |
0 |
8 100 |
8 100 |
|||||
|
Italy(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
8 100 |
8 100 |
8 100 |
|||||
|
Japan(c, d, f) |
|
0 |
0 |
7 800 |
7 800 |
|||||
|
Jordan |
|
0 |
0 |
62 100 |
62 100 |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kazakhstan |
|
540 500 |
719 100 |
956 200 |
1 031 300 |
|||||
|
Malawi*(d, f) |
|
0 |
0 |
8 300 |
19 000 |
|||||
|
Mali |
|
0 |
0 |
11 900 |
11 900 |
|||||
|
Mauritania*(f) |
|
0 |
0 |
18 900 |
28 700 |
|||||
|
Mexico |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
5 000 |
|
6 700 |
|
Mongolia(d) |
|
0 |
144 200 |
144 200 |
144 200 |
|||||
|
Namibia* |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
552 500 |
|
676 700 |
|
Niger* |
|
0 |
0 |
341 200 |
519 400 |
|||||
|
Paraguay* |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
4 300 |
|
Peru |
|
0 |
47 700 |
47 700 |
47 700 |
|||||
|
Portugal(a, c, d, f) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
7 300 |
|
9 300 |
|
9 300 |
|
Romania*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
8 800 |
8 800 |
|||||
|
Russia(b, d) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
53 100 |
|
590 200 |
|
840 600 |
|
Slovak Republic(b) |
|
0 |
15 800 |
19 300 |
19 300 |
|||||
|
Slovenia(c) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
7 200 |
|
12 200 |
|
12 200 |
|
Somalia*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 200 |
|||||
|
South Africa(a, d) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
322 000 |
|
450 300 |
|
630 600 |
|
Spain(d) |
|
10 300 |
36 100 |
36 100 |
36 100 |
|||||
|
Sweden*(a, c) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
12 800 |
|
12 800 |
|
Tanzania*(b) |
|
0 |
58 500 |
72 800 |
72 800 |
|||||
|
Turkey(b) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
9 700 |
|
9 700 |
|
9 700 |
|
Ukraine(d) |
|
0 |
67 400 |
130 500 |
249 100 |
|||||
|
United States(f) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
17 400 |
|
62 900 |
|
138 200 |
|
Uzbekistan* |
|
77 100 |
77 100 |
179 800 |
179 800 |
|||||
|
Viet Nam |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 200 |
|||||
|
Zambia* |
|
0 |
0 |
30 100 |
30 100 |
|||||
|
Zimbabwe(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 800 |
|||||
|
Total(g) |
|
1 294 700 |
2 618 000 |
8 122 100 |
10 652 900 |
|||||
* Secretariat estimate. ** In situ resources do not take into account mining and milling losses. (a) Not reported in 2017 responses; data from previous Red Book. (b) Assessment partially made within the last five years. (c) Assessment not made within the last five years. (d) Recoverable resources were adjusted by the Secretariat to estimate in situ resources using recovery factors provided by countries or estimated by the Secretariat according to the expected production method (Appendix 3). (e) Cost data not provided, therefore resources are reported in the <USD 260/kgU category. (f) Updated from previous report. (g) Totals related to cost ranges <USD 40/kgU and <USD 80/kgU are higher than reported in the tables because certain countries do not report low-cost resource estimates, mainly for reasons of confidentiality.
URANIUM 2018: RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, NEA No. 7413, © OECD 2018 |
19 |
URANIUM SUPPLY
Table 1.2c. Comparison of in situ and recoverable identified resources
(as of 1 January 2017)
Identified resources |
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
<USD 130/kgU |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total in situ (tU) |
|
1 294 700 |
|
2 618 000 |
8 122 100 |
|
10 652 900 |
Total recoverable (tU) |
|
1 057 700 |
|
2 079 500 |
6 142 200 |
|
7 988 600 |
Difference (tU) |
|
237 000 |
|
538 500 |
1 979 900 |
|
2 664 300 |
% difference |
|
22.4 |
|
25.9 |
32.2 |
|
33.4 |
Table 1.3a. Reasonably assured resources (recoverable)
(as of 1 January 2017, tonnes U, rounded to nearest 100 tonnes)
|
Country |
|
|
|
Cost ranges |
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
<USD 80/kgU |
<USD 130/kgU |
<USD 260/kgU |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Algeria(c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
19 500 |
|
|
Argentina |
|
0 |
5 100 |
11 000 |
11 000 |
|
|
Australia |
|
NA |
NA |
1 269 800 |
1 400 600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Botswana* |
|
0 |
0 |
13 700 |
13 700 |
|
|
Brazil(d) |
|
138 100 |
155 900 |
155 900 |
155 900 |
|
|
Canada |
|
255 900 |
275 200 |
409 700 |
592 900 |
|
|
Central African Republic*(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
32 000 |
32 000 |
|
|
Chile |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
600 |
|
|
China (People’s Republic of)(d) |
|
44 300 |
102 200 |
136 700 |
136 700 |
|
|
Congo, Dem. Rep.*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 400 |
|
|
Czech Republic |
|
0 |
0 |
1 200 |
50 700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finland(c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
1 200 |
1 200 |
|
|
Gabon(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
4 800 |
4 800 |
|
|
Germany(c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 000 |
|
|
Greece(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Greenland(d, f) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
66 800 |
|
|
India(d, e) |
|
NA |
NA |
NA |
149 000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Indonesia(b, d) |
|
0 |
1 500 |
5 300 |
5 300 |
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of (b, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
1 100 |
1 100 |
|
|
Italy(a, c) |
|
0 |
4 800 |
4 800 |
4 800 |
|
|
Japan(c) |
|
0 |
0 |
6 600 |
6 600 |
|
|
Jordan(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
4 800 |
4 800 |
|
|
Kazakhstan(d) |
|
227 900 |
304 400 |
415 200 |
434 800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malawi* |
|
0 |
0 |
4 400 |
9 700 |
|
|
Mali(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
5 000 |
5 000 |
|
|
Mauritania* |
|
NA |
NA |
700 |
1 000 |
|
|
Mexico(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
1 800 |
1 800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mongolia |
|
0 |
49 800 |
49 800 |
49 800 |
|
|
Namibia* |
|
0 |
0 |
335 300 |
368 500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Niger* |
|
0 |
0 |
237 400 |
336 400 |
|
|
Paraguay* |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 900 |
|
|
Peru(d) |
|
0 |
14 000 |
14 000 |
14 000 |
|
|
Portugal(a, c) |
|
0 |
4 500 |
6 000 |
6 000 |
|
|
Romania*(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
3 000 |
3 000 |
|
|
Russia(b) |
|
0 |
24 500 |
214 500 |
260 000 |
|
|
Slovak Republic(b, d) |
|
0 |
8 800 |
8 800 |
8 800 |
|
|
Slovenia(c, d) |
|
0 |
1 700 |
1 700 |
1 700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Somalia*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 000 |
|
|
South Africa(a) |
|
0 |
167 900 |
237 600 |
259 600 |
|
|
Spain |
|
9 800 |
23 000 |
23 000 |
23 000 |
|
|
Sweden*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
4 900 |
4 900 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tanzania*(b) |
|
0 |
38 300 |
39 700 |
39 700 |
|
|
Turkey(b, d) |
|
0 |
6 500 |
6 500 |
6 500 |
|
|
Ukraine |
|
0 |
41 300 |
81 200 |
137 700 |
|
|
United States(d, f) |
|
0 |
13 100 |
47 200 |
100 800 |
|
|
Uzbekistan* |
|
37 400 |
37 400 |
57 600 |
57 600 |
|
|
Viet Nam(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
900 |
|
|
Zambia* |
|
0 |
0 |
11 100 |
11 100 |
|
|
Zimbabwe(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 400 |
|
|
Total(g) |
|
713 400 |
1 279 900 |
3 865 000 |
4 815 000 |
|
See notes on page 21.
20 |
URANIUM 2018: RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, NEA No. 7413, © OECD 2018 |
URANIUM SUPPLY
Table 1.3b. Reasonably assured resources (in situ)
(as of 1 January 2017, tonnes U, rounded to nearest 100 tonnes)
|
Country |
|
|
|
|
|
Cost ranges |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Algeria(c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
26 000 |
|||||
|
Argentina(d) |
|
0 |
7 100 |
15 300 |
15 300 |
|||||
|
Australia(d) |
|
|
NA |
|
NA |
1 877 900 |
2 070 000 |
|||
|
Botswana* |
|
0 |
0 |
22 100 |
22 100 |
|||||
|
Brazil |
|
184 300 |
209 700 |
209 700 |
209 700 |
|||||
|
Canada(d) |
|
341 200 |
366 900 |
543 200 |
784 900 |
|||||
|
Central African Republic* |
|
0 |
0 |
42 700 |
42 700 |
|||||
|
Chile(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
700 |
|||||
|
China (People’s Republic of) |
|
58 200 |
133 800 |
177 700 |
177 700 |
|||||
|
Congo, Dem. Rep.*(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 900 |
|||||
|
Czech Republic(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
1 800 |
83 700 |
|||||
|
Finland(c) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
1 500 |
|
1 500 |
|
Gabon(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
6 400 |
6 400 |
|||||
|
Germany(c, d) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
4 000 |
|
Greece(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 300 |
|||||
|
Greenland(f) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
102 800 |
|||||
|
India(e) |
|
|
NA |
|
NA |
|
NA |
197 200 |
||
|
Indonesia(b) |
|
0 |
2 000 |
7 100 |
7 100 |
|||||
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of(b) |
|
0 |
0 |
1 400 |
1 400 |
|||||
|
Italy(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
6 400 |
6 400 |
6 400 |
|||||
|
Japan(c, d, f) |
|
0 |
0 |
7 800 |
7 800 |
|||||
|
Jordan |
|
0 |
0 |
6 900 |
6 900 |
|||||
|
Kazakhstan |
|
256 000 |
342 300 |
471 200 |
494 800 |
|||||
|
Malawi*(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
5 500 |
13 000 |
|||||
|
Mali |
|
0 |
0 |
6 700 |
6 700 |
|||||
|
Mauritania* |
|
0 |
0 |
800 |
1 200 |
|||||
|
Mexico |
|
0 |
0 |
2 400 |
2 400 |
|||||
|
Mongolia(d) |
|
0 |
64 200 |
64 200 |
64 200 |
|||||
|
Namibia* |
|
0 |
0 |
419 100 |
460 600 |
|||||
|
Niger* |
|
0 |
0 |
287 400 |
405 200 |
|||||
|
Paraguay* |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 400 |
|||||
|
Peru |
|
0 |
20 000 |
20 000 |
20 000 |
|||||
|
Portugal(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
6 000 |
8 000 |
8 000 |
|||||
|
Romania*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
4 000 |
4 000 |
|||||
|
Russia(b, d) |
|
0 |
32 700 |
258 400 |
328 300 |
|||||
|
Slovak Republic(b) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
10 900 |
|
10 900 |
|
10 900 |
|
Slovenia(c) |
|
0 |
2 200 |
2 200 |
2 200 |
|||||
|
Somalia*(a, c, d) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
6 700 |
|
South Africa(a, d) |
|
0 |
239 800 |
338 100 |
369 100 |
|||||
|
Spain(d) |
|
10 300 |
24 200 |
24 200 |
24 200 |
|||||
|
Sweden*(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
6 500 |
6 500 |
|||||
|
Tanzania*(b) |
|
0 |
47 900 |
49 600 |
49 600 |
|||||
|
Turkey(b) |
|
0 |
9 000 |
9 000 |
9 000 |
|||||
|
Ukraine(d) |
|
0 |
48 100 |
93 200 |
157 200 |
|||||
|
United States(f) |
|
0 |
17 400 |
62 900 |
138 200 |
|||||
|
Uzbekistan* |
|
46 700 |
46 700 |
72 000 |
72 000 |
|||||
|
Viet Nam |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 200 |
|||||
|
Zambia* |
|
0 |
0 |
12 300 |
12 300 |
|||||
|
Zimbabwe(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 800 |
|||||
|
Total(g) |
|
896 700 |
1 637 300 |
5 156 500 |
6 450 200 |
|||||
* Secretariat estimate. (a) Not reported in 2017 responses; data from previous Red Book. (b) Assessment partially made within the last five years. (c) Assessment not made within the last five years. (d) Resources were adjusted by the Secretariat to estimate in situ resources using recovery factors provided by countries or estimated by the Secretariat according to the expected production method (Appendix 3). (e) Cost data not provided, therefore resources are reported in the <USD 260/kgU category.
(f) Updated from previous report. (g) Totals related to cost ranges <USD 40/kgU and <USD 80/kgU are higher than reported in the tables because certain countries do not report low-cost resource estimates, mainly for reasons of confidentiality.
URANIUM 2018: RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, NEA No. 7413, © OECD 2018 |
21 |
URANIUM SUPPLY
Table 1.4a. Inferred resources (recoverable)
(as of 1 January 2017, tonnes U, rounded to nearest 100 tonnes)
|
Country |
|
|
|
|
|
Cost ranges |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Argentina |
|
2 400 |
4 000 |
19 000 |
20 000 |
|||||
|
Australia |
|
|
NA |
|
NA |
548 500 |
654 200 |
|||
|
Botswana* |
|
0 |
0 |
59 800 |
59 800 |
|||||
|
Brazil(d) |
|
0 |
73 500 |
120 900 |
120 900 |
|||||
|
Canada |
|
7 600 |
35 200 |
104 700 |
253 500 |
|||||
|
Chad*(a, c, d, e) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 400 |
|||||
|
Chile |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
900 |
|||||
|
China (People’s Republic of)(d) |
|
56 900 |
120 300 |
153 700 |
153 700 |
|||||
|
Congo, Dem. Rep.*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 300 |
|||||
|
Czech Republic |
|
0 |
0 |
100 |
68 200 |
|||||
|
Egypt(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 900 |
|||||
|
Gabon(a, c) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
1 000 |
|
Germany(c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 000 |
|||||
|
Greece(a, c) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
6 000 |
|
Greenland(d, f) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
81 300 |
|||||
|
Hungary(c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 500 |
|||||
|
India(d, e) |
|
|
NA |
|
NA |
|
NA |
8 000 |
||
|
Indonesia(b, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
2 200 |
2 200 |
|||||
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of(b, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
5 100 |
5 100 |
|||||
|
Italy(a, c) |
|
0 |
1 300 |
1 300 |
1 300 |
|||||
|
Jordan(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
38 600 |
38 600 |
|||||
|
Kazakhstan(d) |
|
253 200 |
335 100 |
427 000 |
469 700 |
|||||
|
Malawi* |
|
0 |
0 |
1 800 |
4 600 |
|||||
|
Mali(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
3 900 |
3 900 |
|||||
|
Mauritania* |
|
0 |
0 |
15 700 |
22 800 |
|||||
|
Mexico(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
1 900 |
3 200 |
|||||
|
Mongolia |
|
0 |
63 800 |
63 800 |
63 800 |
|||||
|
Namibia* |
|
0 |
0 |
106 800 |
172 900 |
|||||
|
Niger* |
|
0 |
0 |
42 600 |
89 200 |
|||||
|
Paraguay* |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
700 |
|||||
|
Peru(d) |
|
0 |
19 400 |
19 400 |
19 400 |
|||||
|
Portugal(a, c) |
|
0 |
1 000 |
1 000 |
1 000 |
|||||
|
Romania*(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
3 600 |
3 600 |
|||||
|
Russia(b) |
|
0 |
15 300 |
271 000 |
396 900 |
|||||
|
Slovak Republic(b, d) |
|
0 |
3 900 |
6 700 |
6 700 |
|||||
|
Slovenia(c, d) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
3 800 |
|
7 500 |
|
7 500 |
|
Somalia*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 600 |
|||||
|
South Africa(a) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
61 700 |
|
84 800 |
|
189 700 |
|
Spain |
|
0 |
11 400 |
11 400 |
11 400 |
|||||
|
Sweden*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
4 700 |
4 700 |
|||||
|
Tanzania*(b) |
|
0 |
8 500 |
18 500 |
18 500 |
|||||
|
Turkey(b, d) |
|
0 |
500 |
500 |
500 |
|||||
|
Ukraine |
|
0 |
16 900 |
32 900 |
81 300 |
|||||
|
Uzbekistan* |
|
24 300 |
24 300 |
81 500 |
81 500 |
|||||
|
Viet Nam(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 000 |
|||||
|
Zambia* |
|
0 |
0 |
16 100 |
16 100 |
|||||
|
Total(g) |
|
344 400 |
799 900 |
2 277 000 |
3 173 000 |
|||||
* Secretariat estimate. (a) Not reported in 2017 responses; data from previous Red Book. (b) Assessment partially made within the last five years. (c) Assessment not made within the last five years. (d) In situ resources were adjusted by the Secretariat to estimate recoverable resources using recovery factors provided by countries or estimated by the Secretariat according to the expected production method (Appendix 3). (e) Cost data not provided, therefore resources are reported in the <USD 260/kgU category.
(f) Updated to report recoverable resources. (g) Totals related to cost ranges <USD 40/kgU and <USD 80/kgU are higher than reported in the tables because certain countries do not report low-cost resource estimates, mainly for reasons of confidentiality.
22 |
URANIUM 2018: RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, NEA No. 7413, © OECD 2018 |
URANIUM SUPPLY
Table 1.4b. Inferred resources (in situ)
(as of 1 January 2017, tonnes U, rounded to nearest 100 tonnes)
|
Country |
|
|
|
|
|
Cost ranges |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Argentina(d) |
|
3 400 |
5 600 |
26 400 |
27 800 |
|||||
|
Australia(d) |
|
|
NA |
|
NA |
790 600 |
937 200 |
|||
|
Botswana* |
|
0 |
0 |
96 500 |
96 500 |
|||||
|
Brazil |
|
0 |
104 900 |
172 600 |
172 600 |
|||||
|
Canada(d) |
|
10 100 |
46 900 |
137 500 |
334 900 |
|||||
|
Chad*(a, e) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 200 |
|||||
|
Chile(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 200 |
|||||
|
China (People’s Republic of) |
|
69 600 |
150 400 |
193 200 |
193 200 |
|||||
|
Congo, Dem. Rep.*(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 700 |
|||||
|
Czech Republic (d) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
100 |
|
113 400 |
|
Egypt(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 500 |
|||||
|
Gabon(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 300 |
|||||
|
Germany(c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 300 |
|||||
|
Greece(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 000 |
|||||
|
Greenland(f) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
125 100 |
|||||
|
Hungary(c) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
17 900 |
|||||
|
India(e) |
|
|
NA |
|
NA |
|
NA |
10 500 |
||
|
Indonesia(b) |
|
0 |
0 |
3 000 |
3 000 |
|||||
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of(b) |
|
0 |
0 |
6 700 |
6 700 |
|||||
|
Italy(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
1 700 |
1 700 |
1 700 |
|||||
|
Jordan |
|
0 |
0 |
55 200 |
55 200 |
|||||
|
Kazakhstan |
|
284 500 |
376 800 |
485 000 |
536 500 |
|||||
|
Malawi*(d) |
|
0 |
0 |
2 800 |
6 000 |
|||||
|
Mali |
|
0 |
0 |
5 200 |
5 200 |
|||||
|
Mauritania* |
|
0 |
0 |
18 100 |
27 500 |
|||||
|
Mexico |
|
0 |
0 |
2 600 |
4 300 |
|||||
|
Mongolia(d) |
|
0 |
80 000 |
80 000 |
80 000 |
|||||
|
Namibia* |
|
0 |
0 |
133 400 |
216 100 |
|||||
|
Niger* |
|
0 |
0 |
53 800 |
114 200 |
|||||
|
Paraguay* |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
900 |
|||||
|
Peru |
|
0 |
27 700 |
27 700 |
27 700 |
|||||
|
Portugal(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
1 300 |
1 300 |
1 300 |
|||||
|
Romania*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
4 800 |
4 800 |
|||||
|
Russia (b, d) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
20 400 |
|
331 800 |
|
512 300 |
|
Slovak Republic(b) |
|
0 |
4 900 |
8 400 |
8 400 |
|||||
|
Slovenia(c) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
5 000 |
|
10 000 |
|
10 000 |
|
Somalia*(a, c, d) |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 500 |
|||||
|
South Africa(a, d) |
|
0 |
82 200 |
112 200 |
261 500 |
|||||
|
Spain(d) |
|
0 |
11 900 |
11 900 |
11 900 |
|||||
|
Sweden*(a, c) |
|
0 |
0 |
6 300 |
6 300 |
|||||
|
Tanzania*(b) |
|
0 |
10 600 |
23 200 |
23 200 |
|||||
|
Turkey(b) |
|
0 |
700 |
700 |
700 |
|||||
|
Ukraine(d) |
|
0 |
19 300 |
37 300 |
91 900 |
|||||
|
Uzbekistan* |
|
30 400 |
30 400 |
107 800 |
107 800 |
|||||
|
Viet Nam |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 000 |
|||||
|
Zambia* |
|
0 |
0 |
17 800 |
17 800 |
|||||
|
Total(g) |
|
398 000 |
980 700 |
2 965 600 |
4 202 700 |
|||||
* Secretariat estimate. (a) Not reported in 2017 responses; data from previous Red Book. (b) Assessment partially made within the last five years. (c) Assessment not made within the last five years. (d) Recoverable resources were adjusted by the Secretariat to estimate in situ resources using recovery factors provided by countries or estimated by the Secretariat according to the expected production method(Appendix 3). (e) Cost data not provided, therefore resources are reported in the <USD 260/kgU category.
(f) Updated from previous report. (g) Totals related to cost ranges <USD 40/kgU and <USD 80/kgU are higher than reported in the tables because certain countries do not report low-cost resource estimates, mainly for reasons of confidentiality.
URANIUM 2018: RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, NEA No. 7413, © OECD 2018 |
23 |
URANIUM SUPPLY
Table 1.5. Major identified resource changes by country
(recoverable resources in 1 000 tonnes U)
Country |
Resource category |
|
2015 |
2017 |
|
Changes |
|
Reasons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
8.6 |
11.0 |
|
2.4 |
|
Private industry resource holdings evaluated and |
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
8.6 |
11.0 |
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
Argentina |
|
|
|
incorporated into national resource totals for first |
|
||||
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
time. |
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
9.9 |
19.0 |
|
9.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
11.0 |
20.0 |
|
9.0 |
|
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
1 135.2 |
1 269.8 |
|
134.6 |
|
Additional resources defined at known deposits and |
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
1 150.0 |
1 400.6 |
|
250.6 |
|
|
|
Australia |
|
|
|
reclassification of known resources due to changes |
|
||||
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in access. |
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
528.9 |
548.5 |
|
19.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
630.8 |
654.2 |
|
23.4 |
|
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
226.1 |
225.9 |
|
-0.2 |
|
|
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
240.1 |
275.2 |
|
35.1 |
|
Decrease in identified resources in the USD <40/kgU |
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
374.2 |
409.7 |
|
35.5 |
|
and USD <80/KgU cost categories due to mining |
|
Canada |
<USD 260/kgU |
|
486.5 |
592.9 |
|
106.4 |
|
depletion. Increase of the total resources in the |
|
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
higher cost categories due to new resources |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
25.1 |
7.6 |
|
-17.5 |
|
identified as the result of exploration activities |
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
81.8 |
35.2 |
|
-46.6 |
|
(i.e. Arrow, Phoenix, Griffon and Triple R deposits). |
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
134.8 |
104.7 |
|
-30.1 |
|
|
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
217.2 |
253.5 |
|
36.3 |
|
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
38.9 |
44.3 |
|
5.4 |
|
Increases partly as a result of exploration of |
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
95.0 |
102.2 |
|
7.2 |
|
sandstones in the north and, to a lesser extent, |
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
128.3 |
136.7 |
|
8.4 |
|
exploration of volcanic and granite-type deposits in |
|
China (People’s |
<USD 260/kgU |
|
128.3 |
136.7 |
|
8.4 |
|
southern China. |
|
Republic of) |
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
However, ISL (acid) recovery factor change accounts |
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
60.0 |
56.9 |
|
-3.1 |
|
|
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
111.2 |
120.3 |
|
9.1 |
|
for the majority of the increases, since China reports |
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
144.2 |
153.7 |
|
9.5 |
|
in situ resources. |
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
144.2 |
153.7 |
|
9.5 |
|
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional exploration defines additional resources |
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
121.0 |
149.0 |
|
28.0 |
|
|
|
India |
|
|
|
at existing deposits and converts inferred to |
|
||||
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reasonably assured resources. |
|
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
17.7 |
8.0 |
|
-9.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Iran, Islamic |
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ongoing exploration within previously surveyed |
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
2.7 |
5.1 |
|
2.4 |
|
|
||
Republic of |
|
|
|
areas defines additional resources. |
|
||||
<USD 260/kgU |
|
2.7 |
5.1 |
|
2.4 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD130/kgU |
|
0.0 |
4.8 |
|
4.8 |
|
Re-evaluation of known resources defines first |
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
0.0 |
4.8 |
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
Jordan |
|
|
|
reasonably assured resources and reduces overall |
|
||||
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
resources. |
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
47.7 |
38.6 |
|
-9.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
47.7 |
38.6 |
|
-9.1 |
|
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
38.5 |
227.9 |
|
189.4 |
|
|
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
229.3 |
304.4 |
|
75.1 |
|
Overall increases in identified resources a result of |
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
275.8 |
415.2 |
|
139.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
exploration activities. Decrease in inferred category |
|
||||
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
363.2 |
434.8 |
|
71.6 |
|
|
|
Kazakhstan |
|
|
|
as resources transferred to reasonably assured |
|
||||
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
resources. Significant changes in cost categories |
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
59.0 |
253.2 |
|
194.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
owing to devaluation of the national currency. |
|
||||
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
437.9 |
335.1 |
|
-102.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
469.5 |
427.0 |
|
-42.5 |
|
|
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
578.4 |
469.7 |
|
-108.7 |
|
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
8.5 |
5.0 |
|
-3.5 |
|
|
|
Mali |
<USD 260/kgU |
|
8.5 |
5.0 |
|
-3.5 |
|
Decline in identified resources as a result of |
|
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
re-evaluation of existing deposits. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
4.5 |
3.9 |
|
-0.6 |
|
|
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
4.5 |
3.9 |
|
-0.6 |
|
|
|
24 |
URANIUM 2018: RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, NEA No. 7413, © OECD 2018 |
URANIUM SUPPLY
Table 1.5. Major identified resource changes by country (cont’d)
(recoverable resources in 1 000 tonnes U)
Country |
Resource category |
|
2015 |
|
2017 |
|
Changes |
|
Reasons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
1.2 |
|
0.0 |
|
-1.2 |
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
1.8 |
|
1.8 |
|
0.0 |
|
Re-evaluation of existing deposits following |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
1.8 |
|
1.8 |
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
international standards results in decline of lower |
||||
Mexico |
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
cost resources and increase in higher cost inferred |
||
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
0.6 |
|
0.0 |
|
-0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
resources. |
||||
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
0.6 |
|
0.0 |
|
-0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
0.9 |
|
1.9 |
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
1.6 |
|
3.2 |
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
108.1 |
|
119.4 |
|
11.3 |
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
108.1 |
|
119.4 |
|
11.3 |
|
Ongoing exploration activities in southern basins |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
108.1 |
|
119.4 |
|
11.3 |
|
|
Mongolia |
|
|
|
|
focusing on sandstone deposits amenable to ISL |
||||
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mining results in increased RAR. |
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
33.4 |
|
31.8 |
|
-1.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
33.4 |
|
31.8 |
|
-1.6 |
|
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
33.4 |
|
31.8 |
|
-1.6 |
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
189.6 |
|
335.3 |
|
145.7 |
|
Ongoing exploration identifies additional resources |
Namibia |
<USD 260/kgU |
|
298.4 |
|
368.5 |
|
70.1 |
|
in south Rössing (Z20 deposit) and more |
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
comprehensive historic data for all uranium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
77.5 |
|
106.8 |
|
29.3 |
|
projects. |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
164.6 |
|
172.9 |
|
8.3 |
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
17.7 |
|
0.0 |
|
-17.7 |
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
235.3 |
|
237.4 |
|
2.1 |
|
Ongoing exploration defines additional resources at |
Niger |
<USD 260/kgU |
|
316.0 |
|
336.4 |
|
20.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
developing deposits (e.g. Madaouela and Dasa). |
|||||
|
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
56.2 |
|
42.6 |
|
-13.6 |
|
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
95.3 |
|
89.2 |
|
-6.1 |
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
27.3 |
|
24.5 |
|
-2.8 |
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
228.4 |
|
214.5 |
|
-13.9 |
|
Ongoing comprehensive exploration and technical |
Russia |
<USD 260/kgU |
|
273.8 |
|
260.0 |
|
-13.8 |
|
economic evaluation of resources results in resource |
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reductions due to increased costs and depletion by |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
20.4 |
|
15.3 |
|
-5.1 |
|
mining. |
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
279.4 |
|
271.0 |
|
-8.4 |
|
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
421.4 |
|
396.9 |
|
-24.5 |
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
0.0 |
|
9.8 |
|
9.8 |
|
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
0.0 |
|
23.0 |
|
23.0 |
|
Ongoing exploration focusing on a number of |
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
0.0 |
|
23.0 |
|
23.0 |
|
historically known uranium projects in Salamanca |
Spain |
<USD 260/kgU |
|
12.9 |
|
23.0 |
|
10.1 |
|
province, leads to increased resources as the |
|
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
country works towards open-pit mining of four |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
0.0 |
|
11.4 |
|
11.4 |
|
deposits. |
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
0.0 |
|
11.4 |
|
11.4 |
|
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
21.0 |
|
11.4 |
|
-9.6 |
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
36.9 |
|
37.4 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
36.9 |
|
37.4 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
54.6 |
|
57.6 |
|
3.0 |
|
Ongoing exploration of sandstone deposits in the |
Uzbekistan |
<USD 260/kgU |
|
54.6 |
|
57.6 |
|
3.0 |
|
Central Kyzylkum area and black shale deposits in |
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the Boztau area identifies additional resources to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
21.3 |
|
24.3 |
|
3.0 |
|
support ongoing mining. |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
21.3 |
|
24.3 |
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
75.5 |
|
81.5 |
|
6.0 |
|
|
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
75.5 |
|
81.5 |
|
6.0 |
|
|
|
RAR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
9.9 |
|
11.1 |
|
1.2 |
|
Overall increase resulting from recovery factor |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
9.9 |
|
11.1 |
|
1.2 |
|
|
Zambia |
|
|
|
|
increase (80 to 90.5%) as development of existing |
||||
Inferred |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
deposits continues. |
|
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
14.7 |
|
16.1 |
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
14.7 |
|
16.1 |
|
1.4 |
|
|
URANIUM 2018: RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, NEA No. 7413, © OECD 2018 |
25 |
URANIUM SUPPLY
Figure 1.2. Distribution of reasonably assured resources among countries with a significant share of resources
1 000 tU
1 600 |
|
|
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
USD 40-80/kgU |
|
1 400 |
|
||
|
USD 80-130/kgU |
USD 130-260/kgU |
|
|
|||
1 200 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Secretariat estimate.
Figure 1.3. Distribution of inferred resources among countries with a significant share of resources
1 000 tU
700 |
|
|
<USD 40/kgU |
USD 40-80/kgU |
|
||||
|
|
|
||
600 |
|
|
USD 80-130/kgU |
USD 130-260/kgU |
|
|
|
||
500 |
|
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Secretariat estimate.
Distribution of resources by production method
For this report, countries once again were asked to report identified resources by cost categories and by the expected production method, i.e. open-pit or underground mining, in situ leaching (ISL, sometimes referred to as in situ recovery, or ISR), heap leaching or in-place leaching, co-product/by-product or unspecified.
26 |
URANIUM 2018: RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, NEA No. 7413, © OECD 2018 |
URANIUM SUPPLY
In the lowest cost category, <USD 40/kgU, underground mining is the predominant production method for RAR (see Table 1.6), mainly from Canada and to a lesser extent from Brazil. Resources in the ISL categories from China and Kazakhstan make a significant contribution along with co-product/by-product production, mainly from Brazil, making up most of the rest. The total is likely underestimated because of the difficulty in assigning mining costs accurately in the co-product/by-product category, particularly in Australia. In the <USD 80/kgU category, resources produced by underground mining and ISL methods make the largest contributions. The <USD 130/kgU category is dominated by resources in the co-product category; this is predominately a result of the world-class Olympic Dam deposit in Australia. The underground and co-product/by-product categories dominate in the <USD 260/kgU category (see Table 1.6), which is followed by open-pit mining that has shown a gradual decrease in the last couple of editions. Canada holds the largest resource total for underground mining while Namibia and Niger make the largest contributions to open-pit production. Olympic Dam is responsible for most of the by-product category, with Brazil, Greenland and South Africa making significant contributions. ISL makes an important contribution in all cost categories with Kazakhstan being the major player.
Table 1.6. Reasonably assured resources by production method
(recoverable resources as of 1 January 2017, tonnes U)
Production method |
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
<USD 130/kgU |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Open-pit mining |
|
18 089 |
|
96 787 |
908 839 |
|
1 078 486 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underground mining |
|
320 784 |
|
449 777 |
1 002 018 |
|
1 464 394 |
In situ leaching acid |
|
283 173 |
|
428 108 |
524 479 |
|
586 705 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In situ leaching alkaline |
|
20 300 |
|
27 720 |
30 100 |
|
70 704 |
Co-product/by-product |
|
71 050 |
|
256 704 |
1 308 131 |
|
1 537 926 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unspecified |
|
- |
|
20 822 |
91 336 |
|
76 664 |
Total |
|
713 396 |
|
1 279 918 |
3 864 903 |
|
4 814 879 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The pattern of production method for IR is slightly different from that of RAR (see Table 1.7). In the lowest cost categories (<USD 40/kgU and <USD 80/kgU) ISL is dominant. In the <USD 130/kgU category, ISL continues to dominate but is followed closely by underground mining, co-product/by-product and open-pit categories. In the highest cost category (<USD 260/kgU), underground mining dominates with co-product/by- product, ISL and open-pit mining making significant contributions. The United States does not report IR, leading to under-representation in the ISL alkaline category for the inferred resources.
Table 1.7. Inferred resources by production method
(recoverable resources as of 1 January 2017, tonnes U)
Production method |
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
|
<USD 130/kgU |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Open-pit mining |
|
2 430 |
|
46 665 |
|
431 091 |
|
567 678 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underground mining |
|
16 785 |
|
110 100 |
|
567 310 |
|
925 081 |
In situ leaching acid |
|
320 427 |
|
498 265 |
|
630 252 |
|
727 534 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In situ leaching alkaline |
|
4 760 |
|
8 470 |
|
9 240 |
|
9 240 |
Co-product/by-product |
|
0 |
|
94 580 |
|
526 475 |
|
728 360 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unspecified |
|
0 |
|
41 652 |
|
112 833 |
|
215 228 |
Total |
|
344 402 |
|
799 732 |
|
2 277 201 |
|
3 173 121 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
URANIUM 2018: RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, NEA No. 7413, © OECD 2018 |
27 |
URANIUM SUPPLY
Distribution of resources by processing method
In 2017, countries were once again requested to report identified resources by cost categories and by the expected processing method, i.e. conventional from open-pit or conventional from underground mining, ISL, in-place leaching, heap leaching from open pit or heap leaching from underground, or unspecified. It should be noted that not all countries reported their resources according to processing method.
The overall distribution has changed very little since the last reporting period. In all cost categories for RAR (see Table 1.8), conventional processing from underground mining is the major contributor, with Australia dominating because of Olympic Dam. In the higher cost categories, conventional processing from open pit and ISL make increasing contributions, but even when combined do not surpass the underground resources. In the IR category (see Table 1.9), ISL dominates in the two lower cost categories, but in the two higher cost categories it is replaced by underground conventional methods with totals more than twice that of ISL in the highest cost category. The amount that is reported as unspecified is important because the exploration of many deposits is insufficiently advanced for any mine planning to have been carried out. Note that the United States does not report IR by processing method, leading to under-representation in the ISL alkaline category in Table 1.9.
Table 1.8. Reasonably assured resources by processing method
(recoverable resources as of 1 January 2017, tonnes U)
Processing method |
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
<USD 130/kgU |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conventional from OP |
|
16 631 |
|
72 673 |
644 494 |
|
826 357 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conventional from UG |
|
320 784 |
|
617 651 |
2 202 571 |
|
2 717 081 |
In situ leaching acid |
|
283 173 |
|
428 108 |
524 479 |
|
586 705 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In situ leaching alkaline |
|
20 300 |
|
27 720 |
30 100 |
|
30 100 |
In-place leaching* |
|
- |
|
- |
516 |
|
3 669 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heap leaching** from OP |
|
1 458 |
|
24 114 |
261 911 |
|
312 923 |
Heap leaching** from UG |
|
- |
|
- |
18 232 |
|
20 334 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unspecified |
|
71 050 |
|
109 652 |
182 600 |
|
317 710 |
Total |
|
713 396 |
|
1 279 918 |
3 864 903 |
|
4 814 879 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Also known as stope leaching or block leaching.
**A subset of open-pit and underground mining, since it is used in conjunction with them.
Table 1.9. Inferred resources by processing method
(recoverable resources as of 1 January 2017, tonnes U)
Processing method |
|
<USD 40/kgU |
|
<USD 80/kgU |
<USD 130/kgU |
|
<USD 260/kgU |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conventional from OP |
|
2 430 |
|
28 952 |
295 374 |
|
395 182 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conventional from UG |
|
16 785 |
|
171 756 |
1 004 728 |
|
1 424 419 |
In situ leaching acid |
|
320 427 |
|
498 265 |
630 252 |
|
727 534 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In situ leaching alkaline |
|
4 760 |
|
8 470 |
9 240 |
|
9 240 |
In-place leaching* |
|
- |
|
- |
2 068 |
|
15 933 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heap leaching** from OP |
|
- |
|
19 417 |
117 331 |
|
154 022 |
Heap leaching** from UG |
|
- |
|
- |
6 675 |
|
14 431 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unspecified |
|
- |
|
72 872 |
211 533 |
|
432 360 |
Total |
|
344 402 |
|
799 732 |
2 277 201 |
|
3 173 121 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Also known as stope leaching or block leaching.
**A subset of open-pit and underground mining, since it is used in conjunction with them.
28 |
URANIUM 2018: RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, NEA No. 7413, © OECD 2018 |