9. Oil and biofuels

Key data

(2017)

Crude oil net imports: 18.7 Mt (19.8 Mt imports, 1.1 Mt exports), +5% since 2007 Oil products: Production 20.1 Mt, +12% since 2007, net exports 7.4 Mt

Biofuel supply: 1.5 Mtoe (0.2 Mtoe produced, 1.3 Mtoe imported) Share of oil: 21% of TPES and 30% of TFC

Consumption by sector: 10.4 Mtoe (transport 57.7%, industry 26.1%, other energy 11.5%, commercial 3.6%, heat and power generation 0.9%, residential 0.2%)

Exchange rate: Swedish kronor (SEK) 1 = USD 0.117 = EUR 0.104

Overview

Oil is the only fossil fuel that provides a large share of Sweden’s energy supply, accounting for 21% of total primary energy supply (TPES) and 30% of total final consumption (TFC) (Figure 9.1). However, oil consumption has decreased for decades: initially, when electric boilers or district heating replaced fuel oil boilers in households, and more recently as biofuels have replaced oil in transport and industry. In 2016, liquid biofuels accounted for 17% of energy consumption in the transport sector, by far the highest share among the International Energy Agency (IEA) countries. Sweden imports all its crude oil, as well as most biofuels, despite its large domestic biomass resources.

Figure 9.1 Share of oil in different energy supplies, 1977-2017

Oil is the largest fossil fuel in Sweden, but its share is decreasing in both TPES and TFC.

Source: IEA (2019 forthcoming), World Energy Balances 2019 preliminary edition, www.iea.org/statistics/.

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ENERGY SECURITY

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