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8. NUCLEAR |
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Table 8.1 Nuclear reactors in Sweden |
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Unit |
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Type |
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Original and |
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Commissioning and |
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Operation |
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Lifetime |
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Owners** |
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upgraded |
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shutdown* |
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time* (yr) |
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production |
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capacity (MWe) |
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(TWh) |
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Ringhals 1 |
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BWR |
750 |
1976 |
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44 (p) |
203.1 |
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V (70%), |
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895 |
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2020 (p) |
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U (30%) |
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Ringhals 2 |
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PWR |
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820 |
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1975 |
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44 (p) |
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204.3 |
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V (70%), |
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910 |
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2019 (p) |
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U (30%) |
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Ringhals 3 |
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PWR |
915 |
1981 |
60 |
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236.1 |
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V (70%), |
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1 110 |
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2041(e) |
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U (30%) |
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Ringhals 4 |
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PWR |
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915 |
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1983 |
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60 |
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227.1 |
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V (70%), |
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1 160 |
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2043 (e) |
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U (30%) |
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Oskarsham |
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BWR |
1 100 |
1985 |
60 |
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265.4 |
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U (55%), |
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n 3 |
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1 450 |
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2045 (e) |
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F (43%), |
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-operation |
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O (2%) |
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Forsmark 1 |
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BWR |
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900 |
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1980 |
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60 |
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258.3 |
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V (66%), |
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1 014 |
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2040 (e) |
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F (22%), |
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In |
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U (10%), |
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O (2%) |
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Forsmark 2 |
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BWR |
900 |
1981 |
60 |
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252.2 |
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V (66%), |
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1 134 |
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2041 (e) |
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F (22%), |
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U (10%), |
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O (2%) |
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Forsmark 3 |
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BWR |
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1 100 |
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1985 |
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60 |
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275.7 |
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V (66%), |
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1 190 |
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2045 (e) |
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F (22%), |
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U (10%), |
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O (2%) |
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Total |
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7 400 |
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8 863 |
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Oskarsham |
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BWR |
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460 |
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1972 |
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45 |
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110.3 |
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U (55%), |
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n 1 |
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490 |
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2017 |
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F (43%), |
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O (2%) |
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Shutdown |
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Oskarsham |
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BWR |
580 |
1975 |
40 |
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154.0 |
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U (55%), |
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n 2 |
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630 |
2015 |
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F (43%), |
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O (2%) |
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Barsebäck |
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BWR |
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580 |
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1976 |
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23 |
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93.8 |
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U |
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1 |
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630 |
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1999 |
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Barsebäck |
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BWR |
580 |
1978 |
27 |
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108.0 |
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U |
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2 |
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630 |
2005 |
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Note: MWe = megawatts of electricity.
*(p) = planned, (e) = expected.
**V = Vattenfall, U = Uniper, F = Fortum, O = Others.
Nuclear policy
Nuclear power has been an important but controversial component of the Swedish energy system, as reflected by changing governmental policies.
Sweden decided to develop nuclear energy as a source of electricity generation in the mid-1960s to complement the existing electricity generation mix based on large hydropower and fossil fuels. Nuclear power was seen as an effective option to meet the rapid increase in electricity demand, to reduce the dependency on oil imports and to reduce the volatility of energy prices, and therefore enhance the security of energy supply.
After the accident at the Three Mile Island NPP in 1979 in the USA, Sweden held a nonbinding referendum to vote on three different proposals for phasing out nuclear energy.
121
ENERGY SECURITY
IEA. All rights reserved.