
- •Foreword
- •Table of contents
- •Figures
- •Tables
- •Boxes
- •1. Executive summary
- •Energy system transformation
- •Special focus 1: The cost-effectiveness of climate measures
- •Special focus 2: The Electricity Market Reform
- •Special focus 3: Maintaining energy security
- •Key recommendations
- •2. General energy policy
- •Country overview
- •Institutions
- •Supply and demand trends
- •Primary energy supply
- •Energy production
- •Energy consumption
- •Energy policy framework
- •Energy and climate taxes and levies
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •3. Energy and climate change
- •Overview
- •Emissions
- •GHG emissions
- •Projections
- •Institutions
- •Climate change mitigation
- •Emissions targets
- •Clean Growth Strategy
- •The EU Emissions Trading System
- •Low-carbon electricity support schemes
- •Climate Change Levy
- •Coal phase-out
- •Energy efficiency
- •Low-carbon technologies
- •Adaptation to climate change
- •Legal and institutional framework
- •Evaluation of impacts and risks
- •Response measures
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •4. Renewable energy
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Renewable energy in the TPES
- •Electricity from renewable energy
- •Heat from renewable energy
- •Institutions
- •Policies and measures
- •Targets and objectives
- •Electricity from renewable energy sources
- •Heat from renewable energy
- •Renewable Heat Incentive
- •Renewable energy in transport
- •Assessment
- •Electricity
- •Transport
- •Heat
- •Recommendations
- •5. Energy efficiency
- •Overview
- •Total final energy consumption
- •Energy intensity
- •Overall energy efficiency progress
- •Institutional framework
- •Energy efficiency data and monitoring
- •Regulatory framework
- •Energy Efficiency Directive
- •Other EU directives
- •Energy consumption trends, efficiency, and policies
- •Residential and commercial
- •Buildings
- •Heat
- •Transport
- •Industry
- •Assessment
- •Appliances
- •Buildings and heat
- •Transport
- •Industry and business
- •Public sector
- •Recommendations
- •6. Nuclear
- •Overview
- •New nuclear construction and power market reform
- •UK membership in Euratom and Brexit
- •Waste management and decommissioning
- •Research and development
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •7. Energy technology research, development and demonstration
- •Overview
- •Energy research and development strategy and priorities
- •Institutions
- •Funding on energy
- •Public spending
- •Energy RD&D programmes
- •Private funding and green finance
- •Monitoring and evaluation
- •International collaboration
- •International energy innovation funding
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •8. Electricity
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Electricity supply and generation
- •Electricity imports
- •Electricity consumption
- •Institutional and regulatory framework
- •Wholesale market design
- •Network regulation
- •Towards a low-carbon electricity sector
- •Carbon price floor
- •Contracts for difference
- •Emissions performance standards
- •A power market for business and consumers
- •Electricity retail market performance
- •Smart grids and meters
- •Supplier switching
- •Consumer engagement and vulnerable consumers
- •Demand response (wholesale and retail)
- •Security of electricity supply
- •Legal framework and institutions
- •Network adequacy
- •Generation adequacy
- •The GB capacity market
- •Short-term electricity security
- •Emergency response reserves
- •Flexibility of the power system
- •Assessment
- •Wholesale electricity markets and decarbonisation
- •Retail electricity markets for consumers and business
- •The transition towards a smart and flexible power system
- •Recommendations
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Production, import, and export
- •Oil consumption
- •Retail market and prices
- •Infrastructure
- •Refining
- •Pipelines
- •Ports
- •Storage capacity
- •Oil security
- •Stockholding regime
- •Demand restraint
- •Assessment
- •Oil upstream
- •Oil downstream
- •Recommendations
- •10. Natural gas
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Domestic gas production
- •Natural gas imports and exports
- •Largest gas consumption in heat and power sector
- •Natural gas infrastructure
- •Cross-border connection and gas pipelines
- •Gas storage
- •Liquefied natural gas
- •Policy framework and markets
- •Gas regulation
- •Wholesale gas market
- •Retail gas market
- •Security of gas supply
- •Legal framework
- •Adequacy of gas supply and demand
- •Short-term security and emergency response
- •Supply-side measures
- •Demand-side measures
- •Gas quality
- •Recent supply disruptions
- •Interlinkages of the gas and electricity systems
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •ANNEX A: Organisations visited
- •Review criteria
- •Review team and preparation of the report
- •Organisations visited
- •ANNEX B: Energy balances and key statistical data
- •Footnotes to energy balances and key statistical data
- •ANNEX C: International Energy Agency “Shared Goals”
- •ANNEX D: Glossary and list of abbreviations
- •Acronyms and abbreviations
- •Units of measure

ANNEXES
ANNEX D: Glossary and list of abbreviations
In this report, abbreviations and acronyms are substituted for a number of terms used within the International Energy Agency. While these terms generally have been written out on first mention, this glossary provides a quick and central reference for the abbreviations used.
Acronyms and abbreviations
ASC |
Adaptation Sub-Committee |
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ASHP |
air-source heat pump |
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BAU |
business as usual |
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BBL |
Balgzand Bacton Leiding Company |
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BEIS |
Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy |
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capex |
capital expenditure |
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CCA |
Climate Change Agreement |
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CCC |
Committee on Climate Change |
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CCL |
Climate Change Levy |
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CCRA |
Climate Change Risk Assessment |
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CCS |
carbon capture and storage |
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CCUS |
carbon capture, usage, and storage |
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CEM |
Clean Energy Ministerial |
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CFD |
contract for difference |
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CLH-PS |
CLH Pipeline System |
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CM |
capacity market |
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CMA |
Competition and Markets Authority |
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CPS |
Carbon Price Support |
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CRC |
Carbon Reduction Commitment |
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CSE |
Central Stocking Entity |
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CWW |
composite weather variable |
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Defra |
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs |
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DFID |
Department for International Development |
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DFT |
Department for Transport |
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DNO |
distribution network operator |
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DSO |
distribution system operator |
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DSR |
demand-side response |
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ECJ |
European Court of Justice |
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EED |
Energy Efficiency Directive |
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EINA |
Energy Innovation Needs Assessment |
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EMR |
Electricity Market Reform |
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ENTSO-E |
European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity |
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EOR |
enhanced oil recovery |
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EPBD |
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive |
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EPC |
Energy Performance Certificate |
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EPR |
evolutionary power reactor |
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EPS |
emissions performance standard |
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ErP |
Energy-related Products |
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ERA-NET |
European Research Area Network |
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ESO |
electricity system operator |
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ESOS |
Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme |
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ETYS |
Electricity Ten Year Statement |
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EV |
electric vehicle |
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FID |
final investment decision |
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FIT |
feed-in tariff |
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GB |
Great Britain |
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GBP |
Great Britain pounds |
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GDP |
gross domestic product |
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GHG |
greenhouse gas |
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GPSS |
government Pipeline and Storage System |
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HAW |
higher activity waste |
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HMG |
Her Majesty’s government |
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HMT |
Her Majesty’s Treasury |
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ANNEXES |
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HNIP |
Heat Networks Investment Project |
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HPC |
Hinkley Point C |
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IAEA |
International Atomic Energy Agency |
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IDR |
in-depth review |
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IEA |
International Energy Agency |
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IEEA |
Industrial Energy Efficiency Accelerator |
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IMO |
International Maritime Organization |
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I-SEM |
Integrated Single Electricity Market |
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IUK |
Interconnector (UK) Limited |
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JET |
Joint European Torus |
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KPI |
key performance indicator |
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LCCC |
Low Carbon Contracts Company |
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LCF |
levy control framework |
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LCICG |
Low Carbon Innovation Coordination Group |
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LNF |
liquefied natural gas |
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LPA |
local planning authority |
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LTO |
long-term operations |
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LULUCF |
land use, land use change, and forestry |
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MER |
maximisation of the economic recovery |
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MI |
Mission Innovation |
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MOU |
memorandum of understanding |
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NAP |
National Adaptation Plan |
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NBP |
National Balancing Point |
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NCA |
Nuclear Cooperation Agreement |
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NCC |
Natural Capital Committee |
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NDA |
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority |
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NEP-F |
National Emergency Plan for Fuel |
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NETS |
National Electricity Transmission System |
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NG |
National Grid |
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NGG |
National Grid Gas |
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NPPF |
National Planning Policy Framework |
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NPS |
National Policy Statement |
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NSIP |
nationally significant infrastructure project |
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OCGT |
open cycle gas turbines |
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ODA |
Overseas Development Aid |
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Ofgem |
Office of Gas and Electricity Markets |
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OFTO |
offshore transmission owner |
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OGA |
Oil and Gas Authority |
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OLEV |
Office for Low Emission Vehicles |
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opex |
operational expenditure |
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OWIC |
Offshore Wind Industry Council |
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PPM |
prepayment meter |
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PPP |
purchase power parity |
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PTL |
Premier Transmission Limited |
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RAB |
regulated asset base |
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R&D |
research and development |
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RAV |
Regulatory asset value |
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RD&D |
research, development, and demonstration |
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RED |
Renewable Energy Directive |
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REGO |
Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin |
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RES |
renewable energy source |
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RHI |
Renewable Heat Incentive |
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RO |
renewables obligation |
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ROC |
Renewables Obligation Certificate |
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RSC |
Regional Security Coordinator |
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RSP |
reserve scarcity price |
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RTFO |
Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation |
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SAFED |
Safe and Fuel Efficient Driving |
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ANNEXES
ANNEXES
IEA. All rights reserved.