ANNEXES
ANNEX B: Energy balances and key statistical data
Energy balances and key statistical data
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Unit: Mtoe |
SUPPLY |
|
1973 |
1990 |
2000 |
2010 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017E |
TOTAL PRODUCTION |
108.5 |
208.0 |
272.5 |
148.5 |
118.3 |
120.1 |
120.2 |
|
Coal |
|
75.9 |
53.6 |
18.7 |
10.8 |
5.1 |
2.5 |
1.8 |
Peat |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Oil |
|
0.6 |
95.2 |
131.7 |
65.5 |
47.0 |
49.3 |
48.3 |
Natural gas |
|
24.4 |
40.9 |
97.6 |
49.8 |
35.0 |
35.8 |
36.0 |
Biofuels and w aste1 |
- |
0.6 |
1.9 |
5.0 |
8.2 |
9.1 |
9.9 |
|
Nuclear |
|
7.3 |
17.1 |
22.2 |
16.2 |
18.3 |
18.7 |
18.3 |
Hydro |
|
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Wind |
|
- |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.9 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
4.3 |
Geothermal |
|
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Solar/other2 |
|
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
TOTAL NET IMPORTS3 |
107.7 |
-4.1 |
-52.9 |
49.2 |
59.3 |
54.2 |
52.8 |
|
Coal |
Exports |
2.0 |
1.8 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
|
Imports |
1.1 |
10.3 |
15.2 |
16.9 |
14.9 |
6.3 |
6.2 |
|
Net imports |
-0.9 |
8.5 |
14.5 |
16.0 |
14.6 |
6.0 |
5.8 |
Oil |
Exports |
20.7 |
76.2 |
117.4 |
70.0 |
58.3 |
60.9 |
63.5 |
|
Imports |
136.7 |
65.2 |
70.6 |
80.9 |
85.1 |
86.0 |
89.1 |
|
Int'l marine and aviation bunkers |
-8.0 |
-8.9 |
-12.5 |
-13.5 |
-13.3 |
-13.6 |
-13.7 |
|
Net imports |
107.9 |
-19.9 |
-59.2 |
-2.6 |
13.5 |
11.5 |
12.0 |
Natural Gas |
Exports |
- |
- |
11.3 |
13.0 |
11.9 |
8.4 |
9.4 |
|
Imports |
0.7 |
6.2 |
2.0 |
46.9 |
38.3 |
40.8 |
40.5 |
|
Net imports |
0.7 |
6.2 |
-9.3 |
33.9 |
26.5 |
32.3 |
31.1 |
Electricity |
Exports |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
|
Imports |
0.0 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
0.6 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
Net imports |
0.0 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
TOTAL STOCK CHANGES |
1.8 |
2.1 |
3.3 |
6.0 |
4.0 |
4.6 |
3.2 |
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TOTAL SUPPLY (TPES)4 |
218.1 |
205.9 |
223.0 |
203.7 |
181.6 |
178.9 |
176.2 |
|
Coal |
|
76.4 |
63.1 |
36.5 |
31.0 |
23.9 |
11.9 |
9.7 |
Peat |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Oil |
|
108.9 |
76.4 |
73.2 |
63.6 |
60.1 |
60.7 |
60.6 |
Natural gas |
|
25.1 |
47.2 |
87.4 |
84.8 |
61.7 |
69.4 |
68.0 |
Biofuels and w aste1 |
- |
0.6 |
1.9 |
6.6 |
11.1 |
12.1 |
12.5 |
|
Nuclear |
|
7.3 |
17.1 |
22.2 |
16.2 |
18.3 |
18.7 |
18.3 |
Hydro |
|
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Wind |
|
- |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.9 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
4.3 |
Geothermal |
|
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Solar/other2 |
|
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
Electricity trade5 |
0.0 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
|
Shares in TPES (%) |
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|
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|
Coal |
|
35.0 |
30.6 |
16.4 |
15.2 |
13.2 |
6.6 |
5.5 |
Peat |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Oil |
|
49.9 |
37.1 |
32.8 |
31.3 |
33.1 |
33.9 |
34.4 |
Natural gas |
|
11.5 |
22.9 |
39.2 |
41.6 |
34.0 |
38.8 |
38.6 |
Biofuels and waste 1 |
- |
0.3 |
0.9 |
3.2 |
6.1 |
6.8 |
7.1 |
|
Nuclear |
|
3.3 |
8.3 |
9.9 |
7.9 |
10.1 |
10.4 |
10.4 |
Hydro |
|
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
Wind |
|
- |
- |
- |
0.4 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
2.4 |
Geothermal |
|
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Solar/other 2 |
|
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
Electricity trade 5 |
- |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
|
0 is negligible, - is nil, .. is not available, x is not applicable. Please note: rounding may cause totals to differ from the sum of the elements.
206
IEA. All rights reserved.
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ANNEXES |
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Unit: Mtoe |
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DEMAND |
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FINAL CONSUMPTION |
1973 |
1990 |
2000 |
2010 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017E |
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TFC |
143.2 |
138.2 |
150.7 |
138.0 |
126.0 |
128.2 |
.. |
|
Coal |
31.7 |
11.1 |
4.3 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
.. |
|
Peat |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
|
Oil |
73.1 |
61.2 |
62.6 |
55.4 |
53.8 |
55.0 |
.. |
|
Natural gas |
18.4 |
41.8 |
52.4 |
47.1 |
38.2 |
39.4 |
.. |
|
Biofuels and w aste1 |
- |
0.4 |
0.6 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
4.2 |
.. |
|
Geothermal |
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
.. |
|
Solar/other2 |
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
.. |
|
Electricity |
20.0 |
23.6 |
28.3 |
28.3 |
26.1 |
26.1 |
.. |
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Heat |
- |
- |
2.4 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
.. |
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Shares in TFC (%) |
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Coal |
22.1 |
8.0 |
2.9 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
.. |
|
Peat |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
|
Oil |
51.0 |
44.3 |
41.5 |
40.2 |
42.7 |
42.9 |
.. |
|
Natural gas |
12.8 |
30.2 |
34.8 |
34.1 |
30.3 |
30.8 |
.. |
|
Biofuels and waste 1 |
- |
0.3 |
0.4 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
.. |
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Geothermal |
- |
- |
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
.. |
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Solar/other 2 |
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
.. |
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Electricity |
14.0 |
17.1 |
18.8 |
20.5 |
20.7 |
20.4 |
.. |
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Heat |
- |
- |
1.6 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
.. |
|
TOTAL INDUSTRY6 |
64.6 |
43.0 |
45.5 |
33.8 |
30.7 |
30.4 |
.. |
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Coal |
14.0 |
6.7 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
2.2 |
1.7 |
.. |
|
Peat |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
|
Oil |
33.3 |
15.6 |
16.3 |
12.3 |
10.8 |
11.1 |
.. |
|
Natural gas |
9.4 |
12.0 |
15.3 |
9.1 |
8.1 |
8.0 |
.. |
|
Biofuels and w aste1 |
- |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
.. |
|
Geothermal |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
|
Solar/other2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
|
Electricity |
7.8 |
8.7 |
9.8 |
9.0 |
8.0 |
7.9 |
.. |
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Heat |
- |
- |
1.1 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
.. |
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Shares in total industry (%) |
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Coal |
21.7 |
15.5 |
6.0 |
6.7 |
7.3 |
5.6 |
.. |
|
Peat |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
|
Oil |
51.5 |
36.3 |
35.8 |
36.3 |
35.2 |
36.4 |
.. |
|
Natural gas |
14.6 |
27.8 |
33.6 |
26.8 |
26.4 |
26.2 |
.. |
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Biofuels and waste 1 |
- |
0.2 |
0.6 |
1.1 |
3.1 |
3.8 |
.. |
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Geothermal |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
|
Solar/other 2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
|
Electricity |
12.1 |
20.1 |
21.6 |
26.6 |
26.1 |
26.0 |
.. |
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Heat |
- |
- |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
.. |
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TRANSPORT4 |
27.6 |
39.2 |
41.9 |
40.2 |
40.2 |
41.0 |
.. |
|
OTHER7 |
51.0 |
56.0 |
63.4 |
64.0 |
55.1 |
56.8 |
.. |
|
Coal |
17.6 |
4.4 |
1.6 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
.. |
|
Peat |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
|
Oil |
12.4 |
6.9 |
5.2 |
4.5 |
4.2 |
4.3 |
.. |
|
Natural gas |
9.0 |
29.8 |
37.2 |
38.0 |
30.1 |
31.5 |
.. |
|
Biofuels and w aste1 |
- |
0.3 |
0.3 |
1.3 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
.. |
|
Geothermal |
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
.. |
|
Solar/other2 |
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
.. |
|
Electricity |
12.0 |
14.5 |
17.8 |
18.9 |
17.7 |
17.8 |
.. |
|
Heat |
- |
- |
1.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
.. |
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Shares in other (%) |
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Coal |
34.6 |
7.9 |
2.5 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
.. |
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Peat |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
.. |
|
Oil |
24.4 |
12.4 |
8.1 |
7.0 |
7.6 |
7.5 |
.. |
|
Natural gas |
17.6 |
53.3 |
58.6 |
59.4 |
54.7 |
55.4 |
.. |
|
Biofuels and waste 1 |
- |
0.6 |
0.5 |
2.1 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
.. |
|
Geothermal |
- |
- |
- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
.. |
|
Solar/other 2 |
- |
- |
- |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
.. |
|
Electricity |
23.5 |
25.9 |
28.0 |
29.6 |
32.1 |
31.4 |
.. |
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Heat |
- |
- |
2.1 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
.. |
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207
ANNEXES
IEA. All rights reserved.
ANNEXES
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Unit: Mtoe |
DEMAND |
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ENERGY TRANSFORMATION AND LOSSES |
1973 |
1990 |
2000 |
2010 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017E |
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ELECTRICITY GENERATION8 |
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Input (Mtoe) |
72.4 |
74.2 |
81.7 |
77.7 |
66.9 |
64.3 |
.. |
Output (Mtoe) |
24.2 |
27.3 |
32.2 |
32.6 |
28.9 |
28.9 |
28.6 |
Output (TWh) |
281.4 |
317.8 |
374.4 |
378.9 |
336.2 |
336.4 |
333.0 |
Output Shares (%) |
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Coal |
62.1 |
65.0 |
32.7 |
28.7 |
22.9 |
9.4 |
7.0 |
Peat |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Oil |
25.6 |
10.9 |
2.3 |
1.3 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
Natural gas |
1.0 |
1.6 |
39.6 |
46.4 |
29.7 |
42.6 |
40.0 |
Biofuels and waste 1 |
- |
0.2 |
1.2 |
3.6 |
9.8 |
10.4 |
11.1 |
Nuclear |
10.0 |
20.7 |
22.7 |
16.4 |
20.9 |
21.3 |
21.1 |
Hydro |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
Wind |
- |
- |
0.3 |
2.7 |
12.0 |
11.1 |
14.9 |
Geothermal |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Solar/other 2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
2.2 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
TOTAL LOSSES |
76.5 |
68.5 |
72.2 |
64.3 |
54.5 |
50.4 |
.. |
of w hich: |
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|
Electricity and heat generation9 |
48.2 |
46.9 |
47.1 |
43.7 |
36.5 |
34.0 |
.. |
Other transformation |
11.0 |
5.1 |
5.6 |
3.5 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
.. |
Ow n use and transmission/distribution losses10 |
17.3 |
16.4 |
19.5 |
17.0 |
14.9 |
14.0 |
.. |
Statistical Differences |
-1.7 |
-0.7 |
0.1 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
.. |
INDICATORS |
1973 |
1990 |
2000 |
2010 |
2015 |
2016 |
2017E |
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|
GDP (billion 2010 USD) |
1147.63 |
1642.51 |
2095.21 |
2441.17 |
2705.25 |
2757.62 |
2806.90 |
Population (millions) |
56.22 |
57.24 |
58.89 |
62.76 |
65.11 |
65.65 |
66.05 |
TPES/GDP (toe/1000 USD)11 |
0.19 |
0.13 |
0.11 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
Energy production/TPES |
0.50 |
1.01 |
1.22 |
0.73 |
0.65 |
0.67 |
0.68 |
Per capita TPES (toe/capita) |
3.88 |
3.60 |
3.79 |
3.25 |
2.79 |
2.73 |
2.67 |
Oil supply/GDP (toe/1000 USD)11 |
0.09 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
TFC/GDP (toe/1000 USD)11 |
0.12 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
0.06 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
.. |
Per capita TFC (toe/capita) |
2.55 |
2.41 |
2.56 |
2.20 |
1.93 |
1.95 |
.. |
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (MtCO2)12 |
634.1 |
549.3 |
520.4 |
477.0 |
389.8 |
371.1 |
.. |
CO2 emissions from bunkers (MtCO2)12 |
25.2 |
27.0 |
37.7 |
40.9 |
40.2 |
41.1 |
.. |
GROWTH RATES (% per year) |
73-90 |
90-00 |
00-10 |
10-14 |
14-15 |
15-16 |
16-17 |
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TPES |
-0.3 |
0.8 |
-0.9 |
-3.0 |
0.9 |
-1.5 |
-1.5 |
Coal |
-1.1 |
-5.3 |
-1.6 |
-0.7 |
-20.7 |
-50.4 |
-18.4 |
Peat |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Oil |
-2.1 |
-0.4 |
-1.4 |
-2.2 |
3.1 |
1.1 |
-0.2 |
Natural gas |
3.8 |
6.4 |
-0.3 |
-8.3 |
2.9 |
12.5 |
-2.1 |
Biofuels and w aste1 |
- |
11.9 |
13.1 |
9.8 |
15.8 |
9.3 |
3.6 |
Nuclear |
5.2 |
2.6 |
-3.1 |
0.6 |
10.3 |
2.0 |
-1.9 |
Hydro |
1.8 |
-0.2 |
-3.4 |
13.1 |
7.1 |
-14.4 |
10.1 |
Wind |
- |
55.2 |
27.0 |
32.8 |
26.2 |
-7.3 |
32.7 |
Geothermal |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Solar/other2 |
- |
1.0 |
14.3 |
75.5 |
75.9 |
35.3 |
9.7 |
TFC |
-0.2 |
0.9 |
-0.9 |
-2.9 |
2.5 |
1.8 |
.. |
Electricity consumption |
1.0 |
1.8 |
-0.0 |
-2.0 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
.. |
Energy production |
3.9 |
2.7 |
-5.9 |
-7.7 |
9.6 |
1.5 |
0.1 |
Net oil imports |
.. |
.. |
.. |
.. |
-19.4 |
-15.2 |
4.4 |
GDP |
2.1 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
2.0 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
TPES/GDP |
-2.4 |
-1.6 |
-2.4 |
-4.9 |
-1.5 |
-3.3 |
-3.2 |
TFC/GDP |
-2.3 |
-1.6 |
-2.4 |
-4.8 |
0.2 |
-0.2 |
.. |
0 is negligible, - is nil, .. is not available, x is not applicable. Please note: rounding may cause totals to differ from the sum of the elements.
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Footnotes to energy balances and key statistical data
1.Biofuels and waste comprises solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, industrial waste, and municipal waste. Data are often based on partial surveys and may not be comparable between countries.
2.Other includes solar thermal, tide, and wave.
3.In addition to coal, oil, natural gas, and electricity, total net imports also includes solid and liquid biofuels.
4.Excludes international marine bunkers and international aviation bunkers.
5.Total supply of electricity represents the net trade. A negative number in the share of TPES indicates that exports are greater than imports.
6.Industry includes non-energy use.
7.Other includes residential, commercial and public services, agriculture/forestry, fishing, and other non-specified.
8.Inputs to electricity generation include inputs to electricity, co-generation, and heat plants. Output refers only to electricity generation.
9.Losses that arise in the production of electricity and heat at the main activity producer utilities and autoproducers. For non-fossil-fuel electricity generation, theoretical losses are shown based on the plant efficiencies of approximately 33% for nuclear and 100% for hydro, wind, tide, and solar photovoltaic.
10.Data on “losses” for forecast years often include large statistical differences that cover differences between expected supply and demand and mostly do not reflect real expectations on transformation gains and losses.
11.Toe per thousand US dollars at 2010 prices and exchange rates.
12.“CO2 emissions from fuel combustion” was estimated using the IPCC Tier I Sectoral Approach from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. In accordance with the IPCC methodology, emissions from international marine and aviation bunkers are not included in the national totals. Projected emissions for oil and gas are derived by calculating the ratio of emissions to energy use for 2013 and applying this factor to forecast energy supply. Projected emissions for coal are based on product-specific supply projections and are calculated using the IPCC/OECD emission factors and methodology.
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