книги / 618

. 10 . 2017 , JP " " 10% (Cheng, 2017[44])." " .,.

... (Chow, 2017[45]). . ,.

개한다.

: (NLP: Natural Language Processing). , ,.. (Hinds, 2018[46]).. , , ..

: NLP “ ”. ., (Netflix) . ,(Plummer, 2017[47]).

: (CTR: ). .CTR , ( Reinforced Learning, RL) . CTR . CTR 1%

58

(Hong, 27 August 2017[48]).

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: (AR: Augmented reality). . AR (De Jesus, 2018[51]). .

.. (Bloom et al., 2017[52]). . ..(peak reading).5

., , ,, . , ,,.

, . 1960DENDRAL 1970 (Automated Mathematician) . ., ,,

59

.

. .,. (OECD, 2018[53]).,

. IBMKnIT . KnIT (queryable). KnIT, . (Spangler et al., 2014[54]).

, . . , KnIT. Iris.AI6( )6,600 .

. (Matchar, 2017[55]).

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: .

(King et al., 2004[56]).

: (Williams et al., 2015[58]). (Segler,

60

Preuss and Waller, 2018[59]), (Butler et al., 2018[60]), (Kim et al., 2017[61])

.

: 20. .

/ :.. . , ,15% .

.. ..

, ,, .,. .? ,? (OECD, 2018[57]).

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61

, , ,(IoT: Internet of Things)(OECD, 2015[62]).

. , ,(OECD, 2017[26]).

: 2. ,.(Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2013[63]). ,. (mobile health) .,. , . , ( :, ) , .(OECD, 2015[62]).

: , ., , .. ,. , . ,. , (Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2013[63]).(OECD, 2015[62]),. " (learning health system)". ,(OECD, 2015[62]).

:

(Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2013[63])..

62

. (Comfort et al., 2018[64]; Patton, 2018[65]).

: . ( : ) . , 2015 (Atomwise) IBM.7 ""(FDA, 2018[66]). , (Lee, Baughman and Lee, 2017[67]; Patton, 2018[65]).10 , 58(Mar and Soyer, 2018[68]).

-

.

EHR(m-health) (OECD, 2017[69]). EHR

(OECD, 2017[26]).EHR , 2.. EHR

(OECD, 2017[26]).

. 4 " ". ., .. .8, . (biological sample) . (OECD, 2015[62]; Ornstein and Thomas, 2018[70]).9

OECD EHR. 2016(Recommendation of the Council on Health Data Governance)(OECD, 2016[71])..

63

..

. .(OECD, 2015[62]). .

., , , , ..

.,. (Wyllie, 2013[72]). ,

(Horgan, 2008[73]).

,. (Barocas and Selbst, 2016[74]).

(predictive policing) (Ferguson, 2014[75]).. (Brayne, Rosenblat and Boyd, 2015[76]).

하다. , , ,.(Joh, 2017[77]).

.

64

. , ,. /. .

, , , , , , . (Greater Manchester Police) 2012 (Kent Police) 2013

(PrePol) . .

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.(Kehl, Guo and Kessler, 2017[80]). (Christin, Rosenblat and Boyd, 2015[81]). (Berkman Klein Center)(Bavitz and Hessekiel, 2018[82]).

, ( :, , ) ( : , , ). (Christin, Rosenblat and Boyd, 2015[81]).

(Joh, 2017[77]).

65

.

(ProPublica) COMPAS, COMPAS 60%20% . . COMPAS2 (Angwin et al., 2016[83]). (Flores, Bechtel and Lowenkamp, 2016[84]). COMPAS" " .

COMPAS .COMPAS . COMPAS.10 .11

Kleinberg et al. (2017[85])( ).. , 18-25 25-30.. . , .

. (Durham Constabulary) HART(Harm Assessment Risk Tool) . HART , , ,.

됐다. (University College London)(European Court of Human Rights) 79%(Aletras et al., 2016[86]).79% (Hutson, 2017[87]).( ) 1. .

. ,(Marr, 2018[88]). ,

66

. .

. 20183.3% 1 6700 (IHS, 2017[89]).. 20182017 8% 960 (Gartner, 2017[90])., , . ..12,13

, , ,(OECD, 2017[26]). ,, ..

(ISACA, 2016[91]).(MIT, 2018[92]).. , (denial of service, DoS),(phishing) .14 ,10

. Box 3.1

.

. 50-75%, 10 9 (FT, 2018[93]). ,. . (Ubisoft)20% (FT, 2018[93]). ,.(FT, 2018[93]).

67