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2-3 2011 ~2018 EU

EU

: 2018 .

: Crunchbase OECD (2018 7 ), www.crunchbase.com.

, EU 2011 2018 93%. (3%) (1.6%) .

2017

2011 200 2017 1,400 .2011 2018 35% ( 2.4)., 2011 130 2017 800 . EU 30 350 .

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2011 2017 0 60 EU. EUEU .

일치한다. 2012 2013 , 10 9 1000. 10 1 1000 ~1 . 1 . 2017 10 2 1000 3% 1 .2018 40% 1000 , 4.4% 1.

‘ (mega deal, 1 )’ 201866% ., . 2017 (30 ) Toutiao ..

2-4

2011-2017 2018

: 2018 (Box 2.1 ).

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: Crunchbase OECD (2018 7 ), www.crunchbase.com.

2016 , (Voyager Labs), (Mindmaze), (LeddarTech Element AI)(Oaknorth Benevolent AI) 1 ..

2011 .

, . Crunchbase2017 2018 1 5 .2017 1/10 .

3 . ,. , EU .2016 320 , 2017 550 2018 850 .. 2016 950 , 2017 1,320 2018 3,200 . ( 2.1 2.2) 1 .

.. 2017 , 2. EU 2,200 1,000 .

2-5 2012-2017 2018

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: Crunchbase OECD (2018 4 ), www.crunchbase.com.

.(AV) . AV 2015 5% 2017 23%, 2018 30% . AV(2017 201880%). (15%), (3%) EU(2%) AV. ,(2016 87 , 2017 95 ). , 2016 2,000

2018 2 10 .Cruise Automation 33 5 . GM. 2017 Argo AI10 .

,. . OECD (Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition)

. i), ii) , iii).( , ) .(Baruffaldi et al., forthcoming[8]).

. OECDScopus.

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.. .

OECD MPI ., .OECD (IP Statistics Task Force).1

GitHub. . ( ), ,. , .

[1] Agrawal, A., J. Gans and A. Goldfarb (2018), Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence, Harvard Business School Press, Brighton, MA.

[8] Baruffaldi, S. et al. (forthcoming), “Identifying and measuring developments in artificial intelligence”, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, OECD Publishing, Paris.

[7] Breschi, S., J. Lassébie and C. Menon (2018), “A portrait of innovative start-ups across countries”, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, No. 2018/2, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/f9ff02f4-en.

[2]Bresnahan, T. and M. Trajtenberg (1992), “General purpose technologies: ’Engines of growth?’”, NBER Working Paper, No. 4148, http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4148.

[3]Brynjolfsson, E., D. Rock and C. Syverson (2017), “Artificial intelligence and the modern productivity paradox: A clash of expectations and statistics”, NBER Working Paper, No. 24001, http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24001.

[6] CBI (2018), “The race for AI: Google, Intel, Apple in a rush to grab artificial intelligence startups”, CBI Insights, 27 February, https://www.cbinsights.com/research/top-acquirers-ai-startups-ma-timeline/.

[5] Dilda, V. (2017), AI: Perspectives and Opportunities, presentation at "AI: Intelligent Machines, Smart Policies" conference, Paris, 26-27 October, http://www.oecd.org/going-digital/ai-intelligent- machines-smart-policies/conference-agenda/ai-intelligent-machines-smart-policies-dilda.pdf.

[4] MGI (2017), “Artificial Intelligence: The Next Digital Frontier?”, Discussion Paper, McKinsey Global

Institute, June,https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Advanced%20Electronics/Our%20In sights/How%20artificial%20intelligence%20can%20deliver%20real%20value%20to%20companies/

MGI-Artificial-Intelligence-Discussion-paper.ashx.

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← 1. (Australian IP Office), (Canadian Intellectual Property Office), (European Patent Office), (Israel Patent Office),(Italian Patent and Trademark Office), (National Institute for Industrial Property of Chile), (United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office)(United States Patent and Trademark Office).

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3.

, , , , , , , /(AI) . ,, , .

MIT (Internet Policy Research Institute). , ,-OECD .

(AI: Artificial intelligence)(AV: Autonomous Vehicle) .

OECD . 2016 OECD(OECD, 2018[1])15.6% . . 10%1,100 380. 90% 21,700 4,470(Fagnant and Kockelman, 2015[2]).

(Bösch et al., 2018[3]).( 3.1)..

3-1

CHF

45

7 9 .32 2 2 (2 "" ). .

3-2 2011-16

50

: Adapted from Lippert et al. (2018[5]), “Toyota’s vision of autonomous cars is not exactly driverless”, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-09-19/toyota-s-vision-of- autonomous-cars-is-not-exactly-driverless.

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