
- •Final Report of the RK&M Initiative
- •Foreword
- •Acknowledgements
- •Table of contents
- •List of figures
- •List of tables
- •List of abbreviations and acronyms
- •The glossary of terms of records, knowledge and memory (RK&M) preservation
- •Executive summary
- •Key findings and recommendations
- •Chapter 1. Introduction
- •1.1. Background and scope of the RK&M initiative
- •The formulation of a dedicated initiative under the aegis of the RWMC
- •Modus operandi of the RK&M initiative
- •Key questions and objectives of the RK&M initiative
- •A product and process-oriented initiative
- •The fields of application and target audiences of the RK&M initiative
- •1.2. Evolutions in RK&M preservation thinking: A historical review
- •The RK&M reference bibliography
- •Popular themes in RK&M preservation literature
- •Landscape of Thorns
- •Atomic Priesthood
- •Summary of lessons learnt from the historical review
- •1.3. References
- •Chapter 2. RK&M preservation: Fundamentals
- •2.1. RK&M preservation and its connection to safety
- •The repository: From “seclusion and oblivion” to a societally embedded facility
- •Introducing the concept of oversight
- •2.2. Protecting humans and the environment
- •2.3. Supporting informed decision making
- •2.4. References
- •Chapter 3. RK&M preservation: Challenges and opportunities
- •3.1. Information life cycle management
- •3.2. Causes and consequences of RK&M loss
- •Lessons from RK&M loss in the nuclear field
- •Lessons from RK&M loss outside the nuclear field
- •3.3. RK&M preservation in a regulatory context
- •National RK&M preservation regulation
- •Planning responsibilities over time
- •International soft law
- •Regulation: a necessary condition for RK&M preservation
- •3.5. References
- •Chapter 4. Key characteristics of RK&M preservation approaches and mechanisms
- •4.1. Introducing the idea of a “systemic strategy” for RK&M preservation
- •4.2. Multiple time frames
- •The short term
- •The medium term
- •The long term
- •4.3. Multiple media
- •4.4. Multiple contents
- •4.5. Multiple transmission modes
- •4.6. Multiple actors
- •Multiple disciplines
- •Multiple interests, concerns and roles
- •4.7. Multiple locations
- •4.8. References
- •Chapter 5. RK&M preservation approaches and mechanisms
- •5.1. Introduction to the RK&M preservation “toolbox”
- •5.2. Dedicated record sets and summary files
- •5.3. Memory institutions
- •5.4. Markers
- •5.5. Time capsules
- •5.6. Culture, education and art
- •5.7. Knowledge management
- •5.8. Oversight provisions
- •5.9. International mechanisms
- •5.10. Regulatory framework
- •5.11. References
- •Chapter 6. Towards a systemic strategy for RK&M preservation
- •6.2. Meeting national needs
- •6.3. RK&M preservation starts today – life cycle thinking
- •6.4. RK&M preservation is an ongoing process
- •6.5. RK&M preservation is a participatory process
- •6.6. Illustration: Two fictional examples
- •Fictional example 1
- •Compliance activities
- •Best practice activities
- •Supporting activities
- •Fictional example 2
- •Compliance activities
- •Best practice activities
- •Supporting activities
- •6.7. References
- •Chapter 7. Conclusions and outlook
- •7.1. Conclusions
- •Embedding disposal facilities in society
- •Preventing inadvertent human intrusion and supporting informed decision making over time
- •Developing a systemic strategy for RK&M preservation
- •The importance of multi-disciplinarity and participation
- •7.2. Outlook
- •Upholding and elaborating an open and holistic attitude
- •Creating awareness, supporting engagement and starting RK&M preservation today
- •Developing international collaboration
- •7.3. Reference
- •Annex 1. RK&M glossary
- •Archive
- •Awareness
- •Control
- •Composite expressions
- •Cultural heritage
- •Data
- •Information
- •Knowledge
- •Composite expressions
- •Long term
- •Marker
- •Mediated/non-mediated transmission
- •Medium term
- •Memory
- •Message
- •Monument
- •Oversight
- •Record
- •Redundancy
- •Short term
- •Stakeholder
- •Systemic strategy
- •Very short term
- •References
- •Annex 2. Descriptions of RK&M preservation mechanisms
- •2.1. Mechanism description sheet: template
- •2.2. Mechanism description sheets
- •Dedicated record sets and summary files
- •Key information file (KIF)
- •Set of essential records (SER)
- •Memory institutions
- •Archives
- •Libraries
- •Museums
- •Markers
- •Surface markers
- •Monuments
- •Sub-surface markers
- •Deep geological markers
- •Surface traces
- •Time capsules
- •Large visible time capsules
- •Large invisible time capsules
- •Small time capsules
- •Culture, education and art
- •Industrial heritage
- •Alternative reuse of the disposal site/infrastructure
- •Heritage inventories and catalogues
- •Local history societies
- •Intangible cultural heritage
- •Education, research and training
- •Public information dissemination activities
- •Knowledge management
- •Knowledge retention tools
- •Knowledge risk analysis
- •Knowledge sharing philosophy
- •Oversight provisions
- •Monitoring
- •Land use control
- •Clear and planned responsibilities
- •International mechanisms
- •International regulations and agreements
- •International standards and guidelines
- •International inventories and catalogues
- •International co-operation
- •International education and training programmes
- •International archiving initiatives
- •Regulatory framework
- •National regulatory framework
- •Safeguards
- •2.3. Mechanisms overview table
- •Annex 3. Deliverables of the RK&M initiative
- •Workshop and conference proceedings
- •Studies
- •Reports
- •Website
- •Annex 4. Members and participating organisations of the RK&M initiative
- •NEA PUBLICATIONS AND INFORMATION

MEMBERS AND PARTICIPATING ORGANISATIONS OF THE RK&M INITIATIVE
Annex 4. Members and participating organisations of the RK&M initiative
The members of the RK&M initiative (left column) are the contact persons of the participating organisations (right column). This list reflects the membership in Phase II of the RK&M initiative, from April 2014 to April 2018. The members contributed in various degrees to the deliverables of the project.
Arne Berckmans |
ONDRAF/NIRAS, Belgium |
Jean-Paul Boyazis |
|
Jantine Schröder |
SCK•CEN, Belgium |
Mihaela Ion |
NWMO, Canada |
Simone Brander |
BFE/SFOE, Switzerland |
Anne Claudel |
NAGRA, Switzerland |
Martin Eliáš |
SÚRAO/RAWRA, Czech Republic |
Miroslav Kučerka |
|
Ilona Pospíšková |
|
Karsten Leopold |
BfE (until 2017 BfS), Germany |
Jens Wolf |
GRS-BS, Germany |
Ulrich Noseck |
|
|
|
Stephan Hotzel |
GRS-K, Germany |
Joaquín Farias-seifert |
Enresa, Spain |
Kai Hamalainen |
STUK, Finland |
Patrick Charton |
Andra, France |
Gwenaëlle Clerc |
|
Catherine Cobat-Vittecoq |
|
Jean-Noël Dumont |
|
Vincent Maugis |
|
József I. Fekete |
PURAM/RHK, Hungary |
Hisakazu Nakata |
JAEA, Japan |
Jiro Eto |
RWMC, Japan |
Pavel Malinovskii |
ROSATOM, Russia |
Tatyana Rakitskaya |
|
Håkan Lövblad |
Riksarkivet, Sweden |
Jonas Palm |
|
Erik Setzman |
SKB, Sweden |
Sofie Tunbrant |
|
Georg Lindgren |
|
Carl-Henrik Pettersson |
|
Simon Wisbey |
NDA-RWM, United Kingdom |
Abe Van Luik |
DOE, United States |
Russ Patterson |
|
Thomas M. Klein |
Contractor to the DOE, United States |
Philippe Van Marcke |
IAEA |
Peter Ormai |
|
Radu Botez |
NEA |
Massimo Ciambrella |
|
Pierre-Henri De La Codre |
|
Marine Formentini |
|
Claudio Pescatore |
|
PRESERVATION OF RK&M ACROSS GENERATIONS: FINAL REPORT OF THE RK&M INITIATIVE, NEA No. 7421, © OECD 2019 |
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Preservation of Records, Knowledge
and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations:
Final Report of the RK&M Initiative
Radioactive waste repositories are designed to isolate waste from the living environment without human intervention over extended periods of time. Nevertheless, the intention is not to abandon the repositories, but to provide the oversight that is necessary to ensure that they are not forgotten by society. In response to this challenge, the Nuclear Energy Agency launched the international initiative “Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations”. As a result, an in-depth understanding of this issue was developed, as well as a specific methodology to address it. The RK&M preservation toolbox, for example, offers a menu with 35 different preservation mechanisms and guidelines on how to combine and implement them.
This report may be used as a general guide to the RK&M preservation topic. It presents a historical review, addresses ethical considerations, analyses the fundamentals of RK&M preservation, outlines various mechanisms and indicates how to develop these mechanisms into a systemic RK&M preservation strategy. The report aims to inspire and assist a variety of actors so that they can discuss and develop national and repository-specific RK&M preservation strategies.
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