
- •Final Report of the RK&M Initiative
- •Foreword
- •Acknowledgements
- •Table of contents
- •List of figures
- •List of tables
- •List of abbreviations and acronyms
- •The glossary of terms of records, knowledge and memory (RK&M) preservation
- •Executive summary
- •Key findings and recommendations
- •Chapter 1. Introduction
- •1.1. Background and scope of the RK&M initiative
- •The formulation of a dedicated initiative under the aegis of the RWMC
- •Modus operandi of the RK&M initiative
- •Key questions and objectives of the RK&M initiative
- •A product and process-oriented initiative
- •The fields of application and target audiences of the RK&M initiative
- •1.2. Evolutions in RK&M preservation thinking: A historical review
- •The RK&M reference bibliography
- •Popular themes in RK&M preservation literature
- •Landscape of Thorns
- •Atomic Priesthood
- •Summary of lessons learnt from the historical review
- •1.3. References
- •Chapter 2. RK&M preservation: Fundamentals
- •2.1. RK&M preservation and its connection to safety
- •The repository: From “seclusion and oblivion” to a societally embedded facility
- •Introducing the concept of oversight
- •2.2. Protecting humans and the environment
- •2.3. Supporting informed decision making
- •2.4. References
- •Chapter 3. RK&M preservation: Challenges and opportunities
- •3.1. Information life cycle management
- •3.2. Causes and consequences of RK&M loss
- •Lessons from RK&M loss in the nuclear field
- •Lessons from RK&M loss outside the nuclear field
- •3.3. RK&M preservation in a regulatory context
- •National RK&M preservation regulation
- •Planning responsibilities over time
- •International soft law
- •Regulation: a necessary condition for RK&M preservation
- •3.5. References
- •Chapter 4. Key characteristics of RK&M preservation approaches and mechanisms
- •4.1. Introducing the idea of a “systemic strategy” for RK&M preservation
- •4.2. Multiple time frames
- •The short term
- •The medium term
- •The long term
- •4.3. Multiple media
- •4.4. Multiple contents
- •4.5. Multiple transmission modes
- •4.6. Multiple actors
- •Multiple disciplines
- •Multiple interests, concerns and roles
- •4.7. Multiple locations
- •4.8. References
- •Chapter 5. RK&M preservation approaches and mechanisms
- •5.1. Introduction to the RK&M preservation “toolbox”
- •5.2. Dedicated record sets and summary files
- •5.3. Memory institutions
- •5.4. Markers
- •5.5. Time capsules
- •5.6. Culture, education and art
- •5.7. Knowledge management
- •5.8. Oversight provisions
- •5.9. International mechanisms
- •5.10. Regulatory framework
- •5.11. References
- •Chapter 6. Towards a systemic strategy for RK&M preservation
- •6.2. Meeting national needs
- •6.3. RK&M preservation starts today – life cycle thinking
- •6.4. RK&M preservation is an ongoing process
- •6.5. RK&M preservation is a participatory process
- •6.6. Illustration: Two fictional examples
- •Fictional example 1
- •Compliance activities
- •Best practice activities
- •Supporting activities
- •Fictional example 2
- •Compliance activities
- •Best practice activities
- •Supporting activities
- •6.7. References
- •Chapter 7. Conclusions and outlook
- •7.1. Conclusions
- •Embedding disposal facilities in society
- •Preventing inadvertent human intrusion and supporting informed decision making over time
- •Developing a systemic strategy for RK&M preservation
- •The importance of multi-disciplinarity and participation
- •7.2. Outlook
- •Upholding and elaborating an open and holistic attitude
- •Creating awareness, supporting engagement and starting RK&M preservation today
- •Developing international collaboration
- •7.3. Reference
- •Annex 1. RK&M glossary
- •Archive
- •Awareness
- •Control
- •Composite expressions
- •Cultural heritage
- •Data
- •Information
- •Knowledge
- •Composite expressions
- •Long term
- •Marker
- •Mediated/non-mediated transmission
- •Medium term
- •Memory
- •Message
- •Monument
- •Oversight
- •Record
- •Redundancy
- •Short term
- •Stakeholder
- •Systemic strategy
- •Very short term
- •References
- •Annex 2. Descriptions of RK&M preservation mechanisms
- •2.1. Mechanism description sheet: template
- •2.2. Mechanism description sheets
- •Dedicated record sets and summary files
- •Key information file (KIF)
- •Set of essential records (SER)
- •Memory institutions
- •Archives
- •Libraries
- •Museums
- •Markers
- •Surface markers
- •Monuments
- •Sub-surface markers
- •Deep geological markers
- •Surface traces
- •Time capsules
- •Large visible time capsules
- •Large invisible time capsules
- •Small time capsules
- •Culture, education and art
- •Industrial heritage
- •Alternative reuse of the disposal site/infrastructure
- •Heritage inventories and catalogues
- •Local history societies
- •Intangible cultural heritage
- •Education, research and training
- •Public information dissemination activities
- •Knowledge management
- •Knowledge retention tools
- •Knowledge risk analysis
- •Knowledge sharing philosophy
- •Oversight provisions
- •Monitoring
- •Land use control
- •Clear and planned responsibilities
- •International mechanisms
- •International regulations and agreements
- •International standards and guidelines
- •International inventories and catalogues
- •International co-operation
- •International education and training programmes
- •International archiving initiatives
- •Regulatory framework
- •National regulatory framework
- •Safeguards
- •2.3. Mechanisms overview table
- •Annex 3. Deliverables of the RK&M initiative
- •Workshop and conference proceedings
- •Studies
- •Reports
- •Website
- •Annex 4. Members and participating organisations of the RK&M initiative
- •NEA PUBLICATIONS AND INFORMATION

TOWARDS A SYSTEMIC STRATEGY FOR RK&M PRESERVATION
Fictional example 1
Compliance activities
This fictional example is steered by the assumption of a directive national regulatory framework for RK&M preservation, requiring the use of archives, land use controls and the installation of visible markers by law. The RK&M preservation mechanisms implemented for this repository focused on ensuring that the archiving process and associated physical record store were ready and that land use controls were in force. For the design and installation of a marker system, external experts were hired by the implementing agency and were completed under contract.
Best practice activities
The RK&M preservation strategy development was driven by the implementing agency, as an additional task for the largely technical staff. The implementing agency developed a KIF because the local government requested it. It was stored in a paper and a digital version at the city hall. The implementing agency put a lot of time and effort into the development of the SER, also because a divergence was discovered rather late in the process between the internal archiving standards and those of the national archive. This caused some budgetary issues and even some turmoil in the regional press. The concerns about the lack of transparency related to the records turned into concerns related to long-term health effects. Action groups pleaded for the retrieval of the waste and the closure of the repository. Following these events, the regulator and the government organised information dissemination activities in the region and the local government organised a multidisciplinary process to revise the KIF (involving the facility implementer, communication specialists and representatives of a newly established local stakeholder group). In its new form, the KIF was distributed to the nearest schools and libraries, which also received some additional information materials on radioactivity and RWM in general from the implementing agency. The preservation of the installed markers was taken up by the national guild of masons, which developed an interest in repository markers worldwide.
Supporting activities
The implementing agency recognised the importance of an active knowledge management process for the short term within the organisation. A commitment was made to participate in an international Community of Practice on this issue. After the local schools received the KIF, information sessions were organised by some teachers for parents. Some parents showed an interest in site visits and contacted former staff of the implementing agency. The land controls, however, prevented such visits.
Fictional example 2
Compliance activities
The national regulatory framework for this disposal project only prescribed the “making of provisions for long-term record preservation”. “The preservation of knowledge and memory about the facility” was, however, requested by the host community, which had become engaged in the disposal project through the siting process. The implementing agency complied with the law by means of compiling a SER (supported by international collaboration) and worked together with the national and local archives. Furthermore, an ongoing review and implementation of any laws and binding international agreements was instituted and regularly refreshed through a peer review process.
Best practice activities
The implementing agency made a commitment to organise and maintain an interdisciplinary process for RK&M strategy development, including researchers from the natural, material, and social sciences and humanities. This was done in full collaboration with the host community, who among others decided upon the prioritisation of RK&M mechanisms. The host community was also engaged in the preparation, maintenance and distribution of a KIF for the facility.
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