
- •Foreword
- •Table of contents
- •1. Executive summary
- •Transition to a low-carbon energy future
- •Planning consent and engagement with local communities
- •Decarbonisation of heat
- •Interconnections
- •Energy security
- •Key recommendations
- •2. General energy policy
- •Country overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Energy production and self-sufficiency
- •Energy consumption
- •Institutions
- •Policy framework
- •The 2015 White Paper
- •Project Ireland 2040
- •Energy transition
- •Electricity sector
- •Security of supply
- •Electricity
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Production, import and export
- •Oil and gas exploration and production
- •Oil consumption
- •Biofuels
- •Oil heating
- •Market structure
- •Prices and taxes
- •Fiscal incentives for oil and gas exploration and production
- •Infrastructure
- •Refining
- •Ports and road network
- •Storage
- •Emergency response policy
- •Oil emergency reserves
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •4. Natural gas
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Production and import
- •Consumption
- •Outlook
- •Biogas
- •Upstream development
- •Institutions
- •Market structure
- •Prices and tariffs
- •Irish balancing point
- •Price regulation for the gas network
- •Gas entry/exit tariff reform
- •Infrastructure
- •Gas networks
- •LNG terminal
- •Storage facilities
- •Infrastructure developments
- •Emergency response
- •Policy and organisation
- •Network resilience
- •Emergency response measures
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •5. Electricity and renewables
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Generation and trade
- •Renewable electricity
- •Carbon intensity of electricity supply
- •Installed capacity
- •Demand
- •Retail prices and taxes
- •Retail market and prices
- •Institutions
- •Market structure
- •Generation and generation adequacy
- •Wholesale market
- •Retail market
- •Smart metering
- •Market design
- •From the SEM….
- •Networks
- •Transmission
- •Focus area: Interconnectors
- •Existing interconnectors
- •Developing interconnectors in Ireland
- •Renewable electricity
- •Enduring Connection Policy
- •Renewable Electricity Support Scheme
- •Ocean energy prospects
- •Assessment
- •Wholesale market
- •Retail market
- •Smart meters and grids
- •Focus area: Interconnectors
- •Renewable electricity
- •Recommendations
- •6. Energy and climate
- •Overview
- •Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions
- •Emissions by sector and fuel
- •CO2 drivers and carbon intensity
- •Institutions
- •Climate policy framework and targets
- •Progress towards the climate targets
- •Domestic policy frameworks and targets
- •Taxation policy
- •Transport sector emissions
- •Energy consumption and emissions
- •Expanding the use of alternative fuels and technologies
- •Public transport and modal shifting
- •Improving the fuel economy of the vehicle fleet
- •Power sector emissions
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •7. Energy efficiency and residential heating
- •Overview
- •Energy consumption and intensity
- •Energy intensity per capita and GDP
- •Energy consumption by sector
- •Industry
- •Residential and commercial
- •Institutions
- •Energy efficiency targets
- •Energy efficiency funding and advisory services
- •Public sector targets and strategies
- •Industry and commercial sector policies
- •Focus area: Decarbonisation of heat
- •Energy efficiency in buildings
- •Residential buildings stock and energy savings potential
- •Building regulations
- •Building energy rating
- •Energy efficiency programmes for buildings
- •Commercial buildings stock and energy savings potential
- •Renewable heat supply options and support
- •Renewable heat in the non-residential sector
- •District heating
- •Assessment
- •Decarbonisation of heating in buildings
- •Recommendations
- •8. Energy technology research, development and demonstration
- •Overview
- •Public energy RD&D spending
- •Energy RD&D programmes
- •Institutional framework
- •Policies and programmes
- •Ocean energy
- •Sustainable bioenergy
- •Hydrogen
- •Monitoring and evaluation
- •International collaboration
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •ANNEX A: Organisations visited
- •Review criteria
- •Review team and preparation of the report
- •IEA member countries
- •International Energy Agency
- •Organisations visited
- •ANNEX B: Energy balances and key statistical data
- •Footnotes to energy balances and key statistical data
- •ANNEX C: International Energy Agency “Shared Goals”
- •ANNEX D: Glossary and list of abbreviations

ANNEXES
ANNEX A: Organisations visited
Review criteria
The Shared Goals, which were adopted by the IEA Ministers at their 4 June 1993 meeting in Paris, provide the evaluation criteria for the in-depth reviews (IDRs) conducted by the IEA. The Shared Goals are presented in Annex C.
Review team and preparation of the report
The IDR team visited Ireland from 28 May to 1 June 2018. It met with government officials, energy suppliers, market participants, interest groups, consumer representative associations, research institutions, and other organisations and stakeholders. The report was drafted based on the information obtained in these meetings, the team’s preliminary assessment of Ireland’s energy policy, the Irish government’s response to the IEA energy policy questionnaire and information on subsequent policy developments from the government and private sector sources. The members of the team were:
IEA member countries
Mr Paul Hawker, United Kingdom (team leader)
Mr Iosif Athanasiadis, Greece
Mr Matthieu Ballu, European Union
Ms Susana Carrillo, Spain
Mr Richard Phillips, Switzerland
Ms Elżbieta Piskorz, Poland
Ms Sonja Röder, Germany
Mr Thomas Spörker, Austria
International Energy Agency
Mr Aad van Bohemen
Ms Lucie Girard
Ms Dagmar Graczyk (senior country analyst)
The team is grateful for the co-operation and assistance of the many people it met during its visit. The visit was highly informative, productive and enjoyable because of their kind hospitality, openness and willingness to share information.
The team expresses its gratitude to Mr Michael Manley, Assistant Secretary General for Energy, Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment, for his personal engagement in the
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ANNEXES
meetings and for hosting the visit. The team is also grateful to Mr Martin Finucane, Principal Officer, Strategic Energy Policy Division, and Ms Una Dixon, Assistant Principal, both from the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment, for their tireless efforts and professionalism in planning and organising the review visit and their patience and diligence in supporting the team throughout the review process. Special thanks to Mr Jeremiah Higgins of the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment for the invaluable logistical support and to all the staff of the Energy Section of the ministry who participated in and contributed to the review.
The review was prepared under the guidance of Mr Aad van Bohemen, Head of the Energy Policy and Security Division, IEA. Ms Dagmar Graczyk managed the review and is the author of the report, except for the chapters on oil and natural gas. Ms Lucie Girard and Ms Selena Jihyun Lee wrote the chapters on oil and natural gas. Ms Lucie Girard provided substantial input to the focus area section on interconnectors and Mr Oskar Kvarnstrom to the focus area section on decarbonisation of heat. Ms Sol Yi Park provided substantial input to the general energy policy chapter.
Mr Oskar Kvarnstrom, Ms Selena Jihyun Lee and Ms Sol Yi Park prepared and drafted the sections on key data contained in each chapter. Helpful comments, chapter reviews and updates were provided by the following IEA staff: Mr Jean-Baptiste Dubreuil, Mr César Alejandro Hernández, Mr Kieran McNamara, Mr Gergely Molnar, Mr Brian Motherway and Mr Matthew Wittenstein.
Special thanks to the IEA Secretariat for data, publication and editing. Mr Oskar Kvarnstrom, Ms Selena Jihyun Lee, Ms Sol Yi Park and Mr Bertrand Sadin ensured preparation of the design of the report with figures, tables and maps. Ms Roberta Quadrelli and Mr Rémi Gigoux provided support on statistics. Ms Therese Walsh managed the editing process, Ms Astrid Dumond and Ms Katie Lazaro managed the production process. Mr Jad Mouawad supported the press launch.
Organisations visited
Aughinish Alumina (aluminium producer/co-generation plant)
Bonkers.ie (price comparison and switching site)
Bord Gáis Energy (generator, electricity and gas supplier)
Bord na Móna (electricity generator)
Brookfield (electricity generator)
Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy (research institute)
Chambers Ireland (business network)
Climate Change Advisory Council (independent advisory body)
Commission for Regulation of Utilities (independent statutory regulator)
Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (independent statutory body to enforce competition and consumer protection law)
Consumers’ Association of Ireland (independent non-governmental organisation working on behalf of consumers)
Dairygold (business)
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Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (ministry)
Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation (ministry)
Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment (ministry)
Department of Finance (ministry)
Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government (ministry)
Department of Public Expenditure and Reform (ministry)
Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport (ministry)
Diageo Ireland (business)
Dublin Airport Authority (state-owned company responsible for Cork and Dublin airports)
Dublin Cycling Campaign (non-governmental organisation)
EirGrid Group (transmission system operator)
Electric Ireland (electricity and gas supplier)
Electricity Association of Ireland (industry body for electricity industry and gas retail sector)
Energia Group (electricity generator, electricity and gas supplier)
Energy Institute (research institute)
Energy Research at the Economic and Social Research Institute (research institute)
Engineers Ireland (representative association for engineers)
Enterprise Ireland (state agency seeking the development and growth of Irish enterprises in world markets)
Environmental Pillar (social partner representing environmental matters)
Environmental Protection Agency (state agency for environmental protection and policing)
ESB Generation (generator)
ESB Networks (distribution system operator)
Gas Networks Ireland (gas transmission system operator/distribution system operator)
GSK Cork (business)
IBEC (business representative association)
IDA Ireland (state agency seeking investment in Ireland by foreign-owned companies)
International Energy Research Centre (research institute)
Irish Bioenergy Association (representative association for bioenergy industry)
Irish Offshore Operators’ Association (representative association for offshore energy industry)
Irish Petroleum Industry Association (representative association for oil industry)
Irving Oil – Whitegate Refinery (oil refinery operator)
Johnson & Johnson Ireland Ltd (business)
KPMG (business)
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ANNEXES
Marine Renewables Industry Association (representative association for marine renewable energy industry)
MSD Ireland (business)
National Oil Reserves Agency (state agency responsible for Ireland’s oil stocks)
National Treasury Management Agency (state agency providing asset and liability management services to government)
New Economy and Recovery Authority (state agency providing financial and commercial advice to government ministers)
Renewable Energy Consumers and Producers Group (representative association for energy consumers and producers)
Science Foundation Ireland (state agency for applied research)
Single Electricity Market Committee (committee overseeing the single electricity market)
Society of St. Vincent de Paul (non-governmental organisation)
SSE Airtricity (electricity supplier)
SSE Ireland (electricity generator)
Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (state sustainable energy agency)
Tipperary Energy Agency (local energy agency)
Trocaire (non-governmental organisation)
Tynagh Energy limited (electricity generator)
UCD Energy Institute (research institute)
Vayu (electricity supplier)
Veolia Ireland (business)
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