
- •Foreword
- •Table of contents
- •1. Executive summary
- •Transition to a low-carbon energy future
- •Planning consent and engagement with local communities
- •Decarbonisation of heat
- •Interconnections
- •Energy security
- •Key recommendations
- •2. General energy policy
- •Country overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Energy production and self-sufficiency
- •Energy consumption
- •Institutions
- •Policy framework
- •The 2015 White Paper
- •Project Ireland 2040
- •Energy transition
- •Electricity sector
- •Security of supply
- •Electricity
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Production, import and export
- •Oil and gas exploration and production
- •Oil consumption
- •Biofuels
- •Oil heating
- •Market structure
- •Prices and taxes
- •Fiscal incentives for oil and gas exploration and production
- •Infrastructure
- •Refining
- •Ports and road network
- •Storage
- •Emergency response policy
- •Oil emergency reserves
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •4. Natural gas
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Production and import
- •Consumption
- •Outlook
- •Biogas
- •Upstream development
- •Institutions
- •Market structure
- •Prices and tariffs
- •Irish balancing point
- •Price regulation for the gas network
- •Gas entry/exit tariff reform
- •Infrastructure
- •Gas networks
- •LNG terminal
- •Storage facilities
- •Infrastructure developments
- •Emergency response
- •Policy and organisation
- •Network resilience
- •Emergency response measures
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •5. Electricity and renewables
- •Overview
- •Supply and demand
- •Generation and trade
- •Renewable electricity
- •Carbon intensity of electricity supply
- •Installed capacity
- •Demand
- •Retail prices and taxes
- •Retail market and prices
- •Institutions
- •Market structure
- •Generation and generation adequacy
- •Wholesale market
- •Retail market
- •Smart metering
- •Market design
- •From the SEM….
- •Networks
- •Transmission
- •Focus area: Interconnectors
- •Existing interconnectors
- •Developing interconnectors in Ireland
- •Renewable electricity
- •Enduring Connection Policy
- •Renewable Electricity Support Scheme
- •Ocean energy prospects
- •Assessment
- •Wholesale market
- •Retail market
- •Smart meters and grids
- •Focus area: Interconnectors
- •Renewable electricity
- •Recommendations
- •6. Energy and climate
- •Overview
- •Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions
- •Emissions by sector and fuel
- •CO2 drivers and carbon intensity
- •Institutions
- •Climate policy framework and targets
- •Progress towards the climate targets
- •Domestic policy frameworks and targets
- •Taxation policy
- •Transport sector emissions
- •Energy consumption and emissions
- •Expanding the use of alternative fuels and technologies
- •Public transport and modal shifting
- •Improving the fuel economy of the vehicle fleet
- •Power sector emissions
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •7. Energy efficiency and residential heating
- •Overview
- •Energy consumption and intensity
- •Energy intensity per capita and GDP
- •Energy consumption by sector
- •Industry
- •Residential and commercial
- •Institutions
- •Energy efficiency targets
- •Energy efficiency funding and advisory services
- •Public sector targets and strategies
- •Industry and commercial sector policies
- •Focus area: Decarbonisation of heat
- •Energy efficiency in buildings
- •Residential buildings stock and energy savings potential
- •Building regulations
- •Building energy rating
- •Energy efficiency programmes for buildings
- •Commercial buildings stock and energy savings potential
- •Renewable heat supply options and support
- •Renewable heat in the non-residential sector
- •District heating
- •Assessment
- •Decarbonisation of heating in buildings
- •Recommendations
- •8. Energy technology research, development and demonstration
- •Overview
- •Public energy RD&D spending
- •Energy RD&D programmes
- •Institutional framework
- •Policies and programmes
- •Ocean energy
- •Sustainable bioenergy
- •Hydrogen
- •Monitoring and evaluation
- •International collaboration
- •Assessment
- •Recommendations
- •ANNEX A: Organisations visited
- •Review criteria
- •Review team and preparation of the report
- •IEA member countries
- •International Energy Agency
- •Organisations visited
- •ANNEX B: Energy balances and key statistical data
- •Footnotes to energy balances and key statistical data
- •ANNEX C: International Energy Agency “Shared Goals”
- •ANNEX D: Glossary and list of abbreviations

7. ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RESIDENTIAL HEATING
Recommendations
The government of Ireland should:
Establish a roadmap for meeting Ireland’s energy efficiency targets for 2030 and 2050.
Secure increased funding for energy efficiency programmes in the residential sector by earmarking a certain portion of expected increased revenues from the CO2 tax.
Give greater emphasis to energy efficiency in public procurement programmes by enhancing capacity in the public sector to use energy efficiency criteria effectively in procurement decisions.
Build supply chain capacity to ensure meeting of targets for the roll-out of heat pumps.
Initiate a large-scale deep renovation programme for residential buildings informed by the Deep Retrofit Pilot Programme. This would kick-start development of the supply chain and its necessary skill set, to achieve long-term energy savings and multiple co-benefits. Such a programme should also target publicly owned buildings and social housing.
Develop a roadmap for heat decarbonisation that minimises GHG emissions throughout the supply and demand sides. This roadmap should establish clear scenarios and milestones for the phasing out of fossil fuel boilers to renewable heating alternatives such as biomass, biogas and heat pumps.
Align strategies and policies for decarbonising residential heating with strategies for waste management, and ensure coherence with decarbonisation of the electricity supply.
References
CSO (Central Statistical Office) (2018), Census of Population 2016 - Profile 1 Housing in Ireland, www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cp1hii/cp1hii/hs/.
DCCAE (Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment) (2016), A Strategy to Combat Energy Poverty 2016-2019, DCCAE, Dublin, www.dccae.gov.ie/enie/energy/publications/Documents/5/A%20Strategy%20to%20Combat%20Energy%20Pove rty%20-%20Web%20Version.pdf.
DCCAE (2017a), National Energy Efficiency Action Plan for Ireland #4 2017-2020, DCCAE, Dublin, www.dccae.gov.ie/documents/NEEAP%204.pdf.
DCCAE (2017b), Ireland, Long-Term Renovation Strategy 2017 – 2020, DCCAE, Dublin www.dccae.gov.ie/documents/20170412%20LTRS.pdf.
DCCAE (2017c), Public Sector Energy Efficiency Strategy, DCCAE, Dublin, www.dccae.gov.ie/documents/Public%20Sector%20Energy%20Efficiency%20Strategy.pdf.
DCCAE (2017d), Support Scheme for Renewable Heat, DCCAE, Dublin, www.dccae.gov.ie/documents/Scheme%20for%20Renewable%20Heat%20Scheme%20Ov erview.pdf.
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7. ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RESIDENTIAL HEATING
DCENR (Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources) (2009),
Maximising Ireland’s Energy Efficiency: The National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2009 – 2020, DCENR, Dublin, www.dccae.gov.ie/documents/NEEAP%201.pdf.
DCENR (2015), Ireland’s Transition to a Low Carbon Energy Future 2015-2030, DCENR, Dublin, www.dccae.gov.ie/enie/energy/publications/Documents/2/Energy%20White%20Paper%20- %20Dec%202015.pdf.
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2017), Energy Efficiency Indicators 2017, OECD/IEA, Paris, www.iea.org/statistics/.
IEA (2018), World Energy Balances 2018, OECD/IEA, Paris, www.iea.org/statistics/.
EC (European Commission) (2017), Optimal Use of Biogas from Waste Streams, EC, Brussels, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/ce_delft_3g84_biogas_beyond_202 0_final_report.pdf.
SEAI (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland) (2015a), Unlocking the Energy Efficiency Opportunity, SEAI, Dublin, www.seai.ie/resources/publications/Unlocking-the-Energy- Efficiency-Opportunity-Summary-for-Policymakers.pdf.
SEAI (2015b), Extensive Survey of the Commercial Buildings Stock in the Republic of Ireland, SEAI, Dublin, www.seai.ie/resources/publications/Extensive-Survey-of- Commercial-Buildings-Stock-in-the-Republic-of-Ireland.pdf.
SEAI (2016a), Ireland’s Energy Targets – Progress, Ambition & Impacts, SEAI, Dublin, www.seai.ie/resources/publications/Ireland___s-Energy-Targets-Progress-Ambition-and- Impacts.pdf.
SEAI (2016b), A Guide to District Heating in Ireland, SEAI, Dublin, www.seai.ie/resources/publications/2016_RDD_79._Guide_District_Heating_Irl__CODEMA.pdf.
SEAI (2017a), Energy Efficiency in Ireland 2016 Report, SEAI, Dublin, www.seai.ie/resources/publications/Energy-Efficiency-in-Ireland-2016-Report.pdf.
SEAI (2017b), Annual Report 2017 on Public Sector Energy Efficiency Performance, SEAI, Dublin, www.seai.ie/resources/publications/2017_Annual_Report_on_Public_Sector_Energy_Effici ency_Performance.pdf.
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