Eng / Cholera_2023

KUBAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

CHOLERA

Lecture for students of the 5th year of medical faculty

CHOLERA

is an acute infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae

It is characterized by the fecal-oral mechanism of infection,

transmitted from human,

damage to the small intestine, watery diarrhea and vomiting,

loss of body fluids and electrolytes

the development of dehydration up to hypovolemic shock

History

The first cholera pandemic began in 1817 in the

Ganges Delta (Jessore, India), where contaminated rice started the Cholera outbreak.

There are records of a disease outbreak with similar symptoms in the Ganges Delta in 1543.

There is a deep-rooted history with cholera around India and the Bay of Bengal, manifested by the worship of Oladevi, goddess of cholera, who saves her devotees from the disease.

Currently

An epidemic of cholera broke out in

Mozambique.

World Health Organization reported on March 31

2023 :

«In Mozambique between October and April 2023, with almost 21,000 cases and 95 deaths, it is the largest outbreak for more than a decade.

Last 24 hours 132 people were hospitalized in cholera treatment centers, and 350 people received treatment for cholera».

Etiology - Vibrio cholerae

V. cholerae is a highly motile, comma shaped, gram-negative rod. The active movement of V. cholerae inspired the genus name, because "vibrio" in Latin means "to quiver".



The bacterium has a flagellum at one cell pole as well as pili all around the surface.

It tolerates alkaline media that kill most intestinal commensals, but sensitive to acid.

Its size is 0.3 μm in diameter and 1.3 μm in length.

Cholera toxin

 also known as choleragen

and sometimes abbreviated to CTX,

Ctx or CT

 is an AB5 multimeric protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholera