Портфолио по дисциплине Лексикология
.pdfМодуль 3
ТЕСТОВЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Task I. Fill in the gaps in the following definitions
1.The smallest meaningful unit of form is the morpheme.
2.A derivational pattern is a regular meaningful arrangement, a structure that imposes rigid rules on the order and the nature of the derivational bases and
affixes that may be brought together.
3.Morpheme variants are called allomorphs
4.Affixes are divided into prefixes and suffixes.
5.Radicals are the lexical nucleus of words.
6.A free morpheme is defined as one that coincides with the stem or a word-form.
7.Stems formed by combining two free stems are called compound stems.
8.Stems, which are semantically or structurally motivated formed by means of different word-building processes such as affixation, conversion, abbreviation, types of shortenings are called derived stems.
9.A prefix is a derivational morpheme preceding the root-morpheme and modifying its lexical meaning.
10.A structural word-formation analysis studies the structural correlation with other words, the structural patterns or rules on which words are built.
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ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ |
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Task I. Determine the number of morphemes in each |
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word: |
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adverb: consists of 3 morphemes: 1 free root- |
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morpheme marvel, the derivational suffix –ous |
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1 . |
Marvelously - 3 |
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and the derivational suffix –ly. |
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noun: consists of 2 free root morphemes new and |
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com, the derivational suffix –er and the functional |
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2. |
Newcomers - 4 |
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suffix –s. |
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adjective: consists of 3 morphemes: 1 root |
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morpheme differ, the derivational suffix –ent and |
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3. |
Indifferent - 3 |
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the derivational prefix in-. |
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adverb: consists of 4 morphemes: 3 free root |
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morphemes not, with, stand and the derivation |
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4. |
Notwithstanding - 4 |
suffix -ing. |
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noun: consists of 4 morphemes: 1 free root- |
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morpheme interest, the derivational prefix dis- |
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5. |
Disinterestedness - 4 |
and 2 derivational suffixes –ed and –ness. |
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noun: consists of 2 free root morphemes: cup and |
6. |
Cupboard - |
board. |
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noun: consists of 2 morphemes: 1 bound root |
7. |
Theory - free |
morpheme theor and 1 derivational suffix –y. |
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noun: consists of 1 free root morpheme sheep. It |
8. |
Sheep – 1 free |
is zero plural. |
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Boxes – non-root |
noun: consists of 2 morphemes: box is a root |
9. |
(funct. Suffix) |
stem, -es is a functional suffix. |
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noun: consists of 2 morphemes: free root |
10. |
Children – 1 free |
morpheme child and the functional suffix –ren. |
Task II. Carry out the morphemic analysis and the word formation analysis of the following words:
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verb: consists of 2 morphemes: 1 free root |
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morpheme view and the derivational prefix inter. |
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The word is built from the noun stem interview by |
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means of conversion. The derivational pattern is |
1 . |
to interview |
N→V. |
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verb: consists of 3 morphemes: 1 free root |
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morpheme modern, the derivational suffix –ize and |
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the derivational prefix re. The word is built from the |
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verbal derived stem modernize + prefix re. The |
2. |
to re-modernize |
derivational pattern is re+V. |
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participle II : consists of 4 morphemes: 2 free root |
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morphemes wide and eat and 2 derivational |
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suffixes –ly. The word is built from 2 free stems: |
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derived stem widely + derived stem eaten by |
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means of composition. The derivational pattern is |
3. |
widely-eaten |
Adv+PartII. |
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noun: consists of 2 free root morphemes: get and |
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away, The words is built from the phraseological |
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unit to get away by means of conversion. The |
4. |
get-away |
derivational pattern is V→N. |
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participle II: consists of 3 morphemes: 2 free root |
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morphemes snow and cover and the derivational |
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suffix –ed. The word is built from 2 free stems: root |
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stem snow + derived stem covered by means of |
5. |
snow-covered |
composition. The derivational pattern is N+PartII. |
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verb: consists of 2 free root morphemes house and |
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keep. The word is built from compound derivative |
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stem house keeper by means of back formation. |
6. |
to housekeep |
The derivational pattern is N→V. |
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adjective: consists of 3 morphemes: 1 free root |
7. |
unthinkable |
morpheme think, the derivational suffix –able and |
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the derivational prefix un. The word is built from |
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adjectival derivative stem thinkable + suffix –un by |
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means of prefiixation. The derivational pattern is |
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un+Adj. |
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noun: consists of 3 morphemes: 1 free root |
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morpheme bak, the derivational suffix –er and the |
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functional suffix –s. The word is built fro, the root |
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stem bake + suffix –er by means of suffixation. The |
8. |
baker's |
derivational pattern is V+er. |
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noun: consists of 4 morphemes: 1 free root |
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morpheme, the derivational prefix on, the |
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derivational suffix –er and the functional suffix –s. |
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The noun is built from nominal derived stem looker |
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+ prefix on by means of prefixation. The |
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onlookers |
derivational pattern is on+N. |
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adverb: consists of 4 morphemes: 2 free root |
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morphemes whole and heart and 2 derivational |
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suffixes –ed and –ly. The adverb is built from the |
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adjectival compound derivied stem wholehearted + |
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suffix –ly by means of suffixation. The derivational |
10. |
wholeheartedly |
pattern is Adj+ly. |
Модуль 4
ТЕСТОВЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Task I. Give structural formulas of the following words: Classify the words into: 1) suffixation; 2) prefixation; 3) conversion; 4) compounding
Model: blackness - structural formular A+-suf—*N - suffixation
1.to paper – structural formula N →V - conversion
2.speechless – structural formula N + Suffix →Adj. - suffixation
3.pen – holder – structural formula N+N→N - compounding
4.irreplaceable – structural formula prefix. + Adj. - prefixation
5.nothingness – structural formula pronoun + suffix. –ness →N - suffixation
6.age – long – structural formula → N + Adj → Adj - compounding
7.ex - housewife – structural formula → prefix ex- + N→N - prefixation
8.wind-driven– structural formula N+ Part II→PartII - compounding
9.independence– structural formula Adj+ prefix in-→N – prefixation
10.sharpen– structural formula Adj + -suf –en →V - suffixation
Task II. Define the type of conversion;
1)the poor - subsantivation (Adj→N)
2)to callgirl - verbalization (N→V)
3)a professional - substantivation (Adj→N)
4)a breakdown - conversion
5)must - conversion
6)to eye - verbalization (N→V)
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Task I. In accordance with the part that is cut off to form a new word classify cases of shortening into four groups: 4) initial shortenings (aphesis); 2) medial shortenings (syncope): 3) final shortenings (apocope); 4) both initial and final shortenings.
net < internet
The initial part of the original word is cut off.- Consequently, the new word refers to the first group.
Hols < holidays– the middle part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the second group; vac < vacuum cleaner - the final part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the third group; tec < detective – both initial and final part of the original word are cut off. Consequently,
the new word refers to the fourth group; plane < aeroplane - the initial part of the
original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the first group; Frisco < (San) Francisco – the middle part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the
new word refers to the second group; quiz< inquisitive – both initial and final part of the original word are cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the fourth group; bus < omnibus - the initial part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the first group; curio < curiosity - the final part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the third group; miss < mistress – the middle part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the second group; sport < disport - the initial part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the first group; soccer < Association Football – both initial and final part of the original word are cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the fourth group; fan < fanatic - the final part of the original
word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the third group; circs < circumstances – the middle part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the second group; chute < parachute - the initial part of the
original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the first group; Aline < Adeline – the middle part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the second group; cert < certainty - the final part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the third group; tend < attend - the initial part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the first group; mart < market – the middle part of the original word is cut off.
Consequently, the new word refers to the second group; coke < coca-cola – the final part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the third group; Liz < Elizabeth – both initial and final part of the original word are cut
off. Consequently, the new word refers to the fourth group; prep-school < preparatory-school – the middle part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the second group; gator < alligator - the initial part of the
original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the first group; cuss <
customer - the final part of the original word is cut off. Consequently, the new word refers to the third group.
Task II. Analyse the structure of the following compounds and classify them into coordinative and subordinate, syntactic and asyntactic:
bookbinder(sub., synt.), doorbell (sub., synt.), key-note (sub., synt.), knife-and-fork (coord., synt.), hot-tempered (sub., asynt.), dry-clean (sub., asynt.), care-free (sub., synt.), policy-maker (sub., synt.), mad-brained (sub., asynt.), five-fold (sub., asynt.), two-faced (sub., asynt.), body-guard (sub., synt.), do-it-yourself (sub., synt.), boogiewoogie (coord., synt.), officer-director (coord., synt.), driver-collector (coord., synt.), building-site (sub., synt.).
Task III. Classify the compound words in the following sentences into compounds proper and derivational compounds:
1)She is not a mind-reader. (comp. proper)
2)He was wearing a brand-new o\ereoat and hat. (comp. proper)
3)She never said she was homesick. (comp. proper)
4)He took the hours-old dish away. (comp. proper)
5)She was a frank-mannered, talkative young lady. (derivational compound)
6)The live years of her husband's newspaper-ownership had familiarised her almost unconsciously with many of the mechanical aspects of a newspaper printing-shop. (derivational compound)
Task IV. Supply the corresponding full names for the given abbreviations of American state (e.g. Colo - Colourado) and so:
Ala., Cal., Fla., Ga., III., Ind., Kan., Ken., Md., N.D., NJ, NY, Oreg., S.C.,
Tex.
Ala – Alabama |
Ind – Indiana |
NJ – New Jersey |
Cal – California |
Kan – Kansas |
NY – New York |
Fla – Florida |
Ken – Kentucky |
Oreg - Oregon |
Ga – Georgia |
Md – Maryland |
S.C. – South Carolina |
III – Illinois |
N.D. – North Dakota |
Tex – Texas |