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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ МУРМАНСКИЙ АРКТИЧЕСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

В. Г. Пиксендеева

EUROPEAN ISSUES:

POLICY, LAW and ECONOMY

Учебное пособие

МУРМАНСК

2018

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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ МУРМАНСКИЙ АРКТИЧЕСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

В. Г. Пиксендеева

EUROPEAN ISSUES:

POLICY, LAW and ECONOMY

Учебное пособие

Рекомендовано учебно-методическим советом университета в качестве учебного пособия

по направлениям подготовки бакалавриата:

43.03.02«Международные отношения»,

44.03.05«Юриспруденция», 38.03.01 «Экономика»

МУРМАНСК

2018

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УДК 811.111(0758) ББК 81.2Англ-923

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Печатается по решению Совета по научно-исследовательской работе и редакционно-издательской деятельности Мурманского арктического государственного университета

Рекомендовано учебно-методическим советом МАГУ к использованию в учебном процессе (протокол № 2 от 09.02.2017)

Автор: В. Г. Пиксендеева, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков МАГУ

Рецензенты: С. А. Виноградова, канд. филол. наук, зав. кафедрой иностранных языков МАГУ; И. А. Вдовина, преподаватель английского языка высшей квалифика-

ционной категории, председатель цикловой комиссии «Филологические дисциплины» Мурманского строительного колледжа им. Н.Е. Момота (протокол № 5 от 21.02.2018)

Пиксендеева В. Г.

European Issues: Policy, Law and Economy : учебное пособие /

В. Г. Пиксендеева. – Мурманск : МАГУ, 2018. – 95 с.

Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов бакалавриата, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки 43.03.02 «Международные отношения», 44.03.05 «Юриспруденция», 38.03.01 «Экономика».

Материалы данного пособия могут быть использованы на занятиях по учебным дисциплинам «Теория и практика перевода общественно-политических текстов» и «Профессиональная лексика в сфере международных отношений», «Деловой иностранный язык».

Печатается в авторской редакции.

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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Специфика работы выпускников с политическими, экономическими текстами требует, прежде всего, сформированного умения понять содержание текста, способность передать его содержание на русском или английском языке, причем необходимо уметь это сделать как в сжатой, так и в развернутой форме. При работе необходимо учитывать и тот факт, что при переводе текстов политического, экономического и юридического содержания, специалист сталкивается с большим количеством терминов. Также актуальной является проблема выбора наиболее адекватного соответствия в русском языке.

Основной упор при составлении пособия был сделан на подборе текстов, необходимых для обсуждения основных тем политического устройства Европы, экономического развития и европейского права. Аутентичные тексты не осложнены грамматическими конструкциями, соответствуют уровню владения английским языком Intermediate and Upper Intermediate. Именно поэтому внимание уделяется в первую очередь не столько переводческой технике как таковой, а анализу и накоплению словарного состава, необходимого для профессиональной работы с текстами политического, юридического и экономического содержания.

Материалы каждого раздела содержат дополнительные тексты для обсуждения и перевода.

Объем использования предлагаемых материалов может варьироваться в зависимости от степени общей языковой и специальной подготовленности слушателей/студентов.

В целом пособие может быть использовано как для формирования переводческой компетенции, так и для обогащения фоновых знаний специалистов, изучающих международные вопросы в сфере политики, экономики и юриспруденции.

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PART I. EUROPEAN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

UNIT 1. THE ROYAL FAMILY

Task 1. Read the texts.

The Sovereign

“Her Most Excellent Majesty Elizabeth the Second by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the

Faith”.

The Queen is the official Head of State and, for many people, a symbol of the unity of the nation. For a thousand years England (and later the whole of the United Kingdom) has been united under one sovereign, a continuity broken only after the Civil War, by the republic of 1649 to 1660. The hereditary principle still operates and the Crown is passed on to the sovereign’s eldest son (or daughter if there are no sons).

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The Queen has a central role in state affairs, not only through her ceremonial functions, such as opening Parliament, but also because she meets the Prime Minister every week and receives copies of all Cabinet papers. However, she is expected to be impartial or “above politics”, and any advice she may offer the Prime Minister is kept secret.

Functions of the Sovereign:

opening and closing Parliament;

approving the appointment of the Prime Minister;

giving her Royal Assent to bills;

giving honours such as peerages, knighthoods and medals;

Head of the Commonwealth;

Head of the Church of England; Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

The Royal Family

Many members of the Royal Family undertake official duties in Britain and abroad. Their various responsibilities reflect tradition, their own personal interests and Britain’s former imperial status. For example, among her many titles the Princess Royal (Princess Anne) is the Chancellor of the University of London, Colonel-in-Chief of eleven Army regiments, including the 8th Canadian Hussars and the Royal New Zealand Nursing Corps, and President of the Save the Children Fund. For whom she has traveled widely.

The Royal Family’s money comes from two sources: government funds and their own personal wealth hand, which is considerable. On the one hand Queen is certainly one of the richest women in the world, while on the other her power is limited by the fact that so many of her expenses are paid for by government money. Parliament has had effective control of the monarch’s finances since the seventeenth century.

Task 2. Read the text.

The Queen is really a figurehead representing the country, but she has the power to prevent any politician from establishing a dictatorship. The Queen and her family are a symbol that people can identify with. The British public is obsessed with the details of the royal family life, and when people feel that the

Queen has problems with her children, or her sister, they see her as a “real person” with the same worries and anxieties as themselves.

The monarchy has not always been popular. During the late 19th century there was a growing republican sentiment, but the personality and family image of the Queen, her father and grandfather have removed that feeling. The Queen is probably the wealthiest woman in the world, most of the money coming from family investments rather than the state. Her state salary (the Civil List) pays for

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her servants and transport. In recent years the Queen has become a roving ambassador for Britain, and if we calculate the increase in trade after a royal visit abroad, the nation probably makes a profit from her activities, and that does not take into account the income from tourism in Britain generated by the monarchy and great state events such as royal weddings.

Just how popular is she? In the late 1980s a newspaper conducted an opinion poll. People were asked, “If there were no monarchy, which would you vote as President?” More than 80 per cent chose the Queen. Prince Charles came second, closely followed by his father, Prince Philip. The prime minister of the day was the fourth – with 2 per cent of the votes.

Task 3. Look at the chart.

The Royal Family

Numbers show order of succession to the Crown

The Queen

Mother

Task 4. Answer the questions.

1.What powers does the Queen have in government?

2.Who is next in line to the British crown after Prince Charles?

3.How can Parliament control the Royal Family?

4.What connections can you find between the Royal Family and the world outside Britain?

5.Which member of the Royal Family has the highest number of public engagements?

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UNIT 2. THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN GREAT BRITAIN

Task 1. Read and translate the texts. Remember as many details as you can. Render the texts.

Great Britain is a monarchy, but the Queen of the Great is not absolute, but constitutional. Her powers are limited by Parliament. The power is hereditary, and not elective. The constitution has three branches: Parliament, the government, and the Law courts. Parliament has two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Lords consists of the Lords Temporal and the Lords Spiritual. The Lords are the Archbishops of York, and Canterbury, together with twenty-four senior bishops of the Church of England. The Lords Temporal consists of hereditary peers who have inherited their titles; life peer who are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Government for various services to the nation; and the Lords of Appeal (Law Lords) who become life peer on their judicial appointments. The latter serve the House of Lords as the ultimate court of appeal. This appeal court consists of some nine Law Lords who hold senior judicial office. They are presided over by the Lord Chancellor.

Members of the House of Commons are elected by the voters of 650 constituencies. They are known as MPs, or Members of Parliament. The Prime Minister, or leader of the Government, is also an MP.

Each session of Parliament is usually opened in the House of Lords by the Queen (King), who is attended by heralds, officers of the Court and members of the Diplomatic Corps. The peers sit comfortably on their red leather benches as the MPs stand awkwardly huddled together below the bar while the Queen reads the throne speech which outlines the Government’s programme of legislation for coming session.

The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the Party that has a majority in the House of Commons. All the affairs of the state are conducted in the name of the Queen (or King), but really the Prime Minister is responsible for every measure submitted to Parliament. He is the virtual ruler of the country, presiding over the meeting of the Cabinet, which are always secret.

The Prime Minister is advised by a Cabinet of about twenty other ministers. The Cabinet includes the ministers in charge or major government departments or ministries. Departments and ministries are run by civil servants, who are permanent officials.

Unless there is a Coalition Government, the members of the Cabinet belong to one party only. They may include the Prime Minister, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who has charge of the Treasury, that is, the nation’s money; the Foreign Secretary, the Minister of Health, the Minister of Education, ect.

The most important job of the political parties is to provide Cabinet ministers. For whatever Parliament may do, it is on these twenty men that the week-to week running of the country depends. The Cabinet has no legal existence, be-

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yond the powers of the ministers of the Crown. It is merely a Committee, whose very existence was originally secret, formed form the majority party of the House, to carry out the business of Government.

The system of British Government

Sovereign

The Queen is head of government, she makes laws with Parliament and she is

head of the courts

The Prime Minister in the Cabinet is officially no more than “primus inter pares” – just one member of a committee. But in fact, apart from his political advantage, he has a strong hand. He is Chairman of the Committee: he appoints it, summons it, guides it, and can eventually dissolve it. Cabinet-making is probably the most important part of a Prime Minister’s job. A cabinet remains very much the expression of a Prime Minister’s personality.

In Great Britain at the present day there are two great political parties – Conservative and Labour. That party which obtains the majority of seats in the House is called the Government, and the other the Opposition. The Opposition criticizes, attempts to amend or directly opposes the Bills introduced by the Government. If they succeed in defeating the Government on any important Bill,

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or carry a vote of “no confidence” in Government, the latter resigns, and the Queen calls upon the leader of the Opposition to form a new Government.

1.What activities are the queen, lawmakers, the Prime Minister the members of the opposition and ministers involved in?

2. Which words come from the sphere of politics?

3.What functions do representatives of power perform? Use the scheme to find the correct statement.

1)A. The Queen votes on the bills.

B.The Queen signs the bills.

2)A. The Queen has mostly representative functions.

B.The Queen rules the country in fact.

3)A. The government represents the legislative branch of power.

B.The government represents the executive branch of power.

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