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<<< < Предыдущая 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 9596 / 10496 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 > Следующая >>>

Answers to Questions and Exercises

925

22.faster, more

23.inline float foobar(float fvar)

24.a, b

25.char blyth(int, float=3.14159);

26.visibility, lifetime

27.those functions defined following the variable definition

28.the function in which it is defined

29.b, d

30.on the left side of the equal sign

Solutions to Exercises

//ex5_1.cpp

//function finds area of circle #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

float circarea(float radius);

int main()

{

double rad;

cout << “\nEnter radius of circle: “; cin >> rad;

cout << “Area is “ << circarea(rad) << endl; return 0;

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------

float circarea(float r)

{

const float PI = 3.14159F; return r * r * PI;

}

//ex5_2.cpp

//function raises number to a power #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

double power( double n, int p=2); //p has default value 2

Q E UESTIONS ANSWERS XERCISES AND TO

Appendix G

926

int main()

{
double number, answer;
int pow;
char	yeserno;
cout	<< “\nEnter number: “;	//get number
cin >> number;
cout	<< “Want to enter a power (y/n)? “;
cin >> yeserno;
if( yeserno == ‘y’ )		//user wants a non-2 power?
{
cout << “Enter power: “;
cin >> pow;
answer = power(number, pow);		//raise number to pow
}
else
answer = power(number);		//square the number
cout	<< “Answer is “ << answer << endl;

return 0;

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------

//power()

//returns number n raised to a power p double power( double n, int p )

{

double result = 1.0;		//start with 1
for(int j=0;	j<p; j++)	//multiply by n
result *=	n;	//p times

return result;

}

//ex5_3.cpp

//function sets smaller of two numbers to 0 #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

void zeroSmaller(int&, int&); int a=4, b=7, c=11, d=9;

zeroSmaller(a, b); zeroSmaller(c, d);

Answers to Questions and Exercises

927

cout << “\na=” << a << “ b=” << b << “ c=” << c << “ d=” << d;

return 0;

}

//--------------------------------------------------------------

//zeroSmaller()

//sets the smaller of two numbers to 0 void zeroSmaller(int& first, int& second)

{

if( first < second ) first = 0;

else

second = 0;

}

//ex5_4.cpp

//function returns larger of two distances #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

struct Distance	// English distance
{
int feet;
float inches;
};

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Distance bigengl(Distance, Distance); //declarations void engldisp(Distance);

int main()
{
Distance d1, d2,		d3;	//define three lengths
			//get length d1 from user
cout	<< “\nEnter	feet: “;	cin >>	d1.feet;
cout	<< “Enter inches: “;		cin >>	d1.inches;
			//get length d2 from user
cout	<< “\nEnter	feet: “;	cin >>	d2.feet;
cout	<< “Enter inches: “;		cin >>	d2.inches;
d3 =	bigengl(d1,	d2);	//d3	is larger of d1 and d2
			//display all lengths
cout	<< “\nd1=”;	engldisp(d1);
cout	<< “\nd2=”;	engldisp(d2);
cout	<< “\nlargest is “; engldisp(d3); cout << endl;

return 0;

}

Q E UESTIONS ANSWERS XERCISES AND TO

Appendix G

928

//--------------------------------------------------------------

//bigengl()

//compares two structures of type Distance, returns the larger Distance bigengl( Distance dd1, Distance dd2 )

{

if(dd1.feet > dd2.feet)	//if feet are different, return
return dd1;	//the one with the largest feet
if(dd1.feet < dd2.feet)
return dd2;
if(dd1.inches > dd2.inches)	//if inches are different,
return dd1;	//return one with largest
else	//inches, or dd2 if equal
return dd2;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------

//engldisp()

//display structure of type Distance in feet and inches void engldisp( Distance dd )

{

cout << dd.feet << “\’-” << dd.inches << “\””;

}

Chapter 6

Answers to Questions

1.A class declaration describes how objects of a class will look when they are created.

2.class, object

3.c

class leverage

{

private:

int crowbar; public:

void pry();

};

5.false; both data and functions can be private or public

6.leverage lever1;

7.d

8.lever1.pry();

9.inline (also private)

Answers to Questions and Exercises

10.

int getcrow()

{return crowbar; }

11.created (defined)

12.the class of which it is a member

leverage()

{crowbar = 0; }

14.true

15.a

16.int getcrow();

17.

int leverage::getcrow()

{ return crowbar; }

18.member functions and data are, by default, public in structures but private in classes

19.three, one

20.calling one of its member functions

21.b, c, d

22.false; trial and error may be necessary

23.d

24.true

25.void aFunc(const float jerry) const;

Solutions to Exercises

//ex6_1.cpp

//uses a class to model an integer data type #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

class Int	//(not the same as int)
{
private:
int i;
public:
Int()	//create an Int
{ i = 0; }

929

Q E UESTIONS ANSWERS XERCISES AND TO

930	Appendix G

Int(int ii)			//create and initialize an Int
{ i = ii;		}
void	add(Int	i2, Int i3) //add two Ints
{	i = i2.i + i3.i; }
void	display()		//display an Int
{	cout <<	i; }

};

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main()
{
Int Int1(7);	//create	and initialize an Int
Int Int2(11);	//create	and initialize an Int
Int Int3;	//create	an Int
Int3.add(Int1, Int2);		//add two Ints
cout << “\nInt3 = “; Int3.display();		//display result
cout << endl;
return 0;
}

//ex6_2.cpp

//uses class to model toll booth #include <iostream>

using namespace std; #include <conio.h>

const	char ESC = 27;	//escape key	ASCII code
const	double TOLL = 0.5;	//toll is 50	cents

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

class tollBooth
{
private:
unsigned int totalCars;	//total cars passed today
double totalCash;	//total money collected today
public:	//constructor

tollBooth() : totalCars(0), totalCash(0.0)

{}

void	payingCar()	//a	car	paid
{	totalCars++; totalCash += TOLL; }
void	nopayCar()	//a	car	didn’t pay
{	totalCars++; }
void	display() const	//display totals

{cout << “\nCars=” << totalCars

<<“, cash=” << totalCash

<<endl; }

};

Answers to Questions and Exercises

931

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main()

{

tollBooth booth1; //create a toll booth char ch;

cout << “\nPress	0	for each	non-paying car,”
<< “\n	1	for each	paying car,”
<< “\n	Esc to exit the program.\n”;
do {
ch = getche();			//get character
if( ch == ‘0’	)		//if it’s 0, car didn’t pay
booth1.nopayCar();
if( ch == ‘1’	)		//if it’s 1, car paid
booth1.payingCar();
} while( ch != ESC );			//exit loop on Esc key
booth1.display();			//display totals
return 0;
}

//ex6_3.cpp

//uses class to model a time data type #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

class time

{

private:

int hrs, mins, secs; public:

time() : hrs(0), mins(0), secs(0) //no-arg constructor

{}

//3-arg constructor time(int h, int m, int s) : hrs(h), mins(m), secs(s)

{}

void	display() const	//format 11:59:59
{	cout << hrs << “:” << mins << “:” << secs; }
void	add_time(time t1, time t2)	//add two times
{

secs	= t1.secs + t2.secs;	//add seconds
if( secs > 59 )		//if overflow,
{	secs -= 60; mins++; }	//	carry a minute
mins	+= t1.mins + t2.mins;	//add minutes

Q E UESTIONS ANSWERS XERCISES AND TO

932	Appendix G

if( mins > 59 )	//if	overflow,
{ mins -= 60; hrs++; }	//	carry an hour
hrs += t1.hrs + t2.hrs;	//add hours
}

};

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main()
{
const time time1(5, 59, 59);	//creates and initialze
const time time2(4, 30, 30);	// two times
time time3;	//create another time
time3.add_time(time1, time2);	//add two times
cout << “time3 = “; time3.display();	//display result
cout << endl;
return 0;
}

Chapter 7

Answers to Questions

1.d

2.same

3.double doubleArray[100];

4.0, 9

5.cout << doubleArray[j];

6.c

7.int coins[] = { 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 };

8.d

9.twoD[2][4]

10.true

11.float flarr[3][3] = { {52,27,83}, {94,73,49}, {3,6,1} };

12.memory address

13.a, d

14.an array with 1000 elements of structure or class employee

15.emplist[16].salary

16.d

Answers to Questions and Exercises

933

17.bird manybirds[50];

18.false

19.manybirds[26].cheep();

20.array, char

21.char city[21] (An extra byte is needed for the null character.)

22.char dextrose[] = “C6H12O6-H2O”;

23.true

24.d

25.strcpy(blank, name);

26.

class dog

{

private:

char breed[80]; int age;

};

27.false

28.b, c

29.int n = s1.find(“cat”);

30.s1.insert(12, “cat”);

Solutions to Exercises

// ex7_1.cpp
// reverses a C-string
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>	//for strlen()
using namespace std;
int main()
{
void reversit( char[] );	//prototype
const int MAX = 80;	//array size
char str[MAX];	//string
cout << “\nEnter a string: “;	//get string from user
cin.get(str, MAX);

Q E UESTIONS ANSWERS XERCISES AND TO

934	Appendix G

reversit(str);		//reverse the string
cout <<	“Reversed string is: “;	//display it
cout <<	str << endl;
return 0;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------
//reversit()
//function	to reverse a string passed to it as an argument
void reversit( char s[] )
{
int len	= strlen(s);	//find length of string
for(int	j = 0; j < len/2; j++)	//swap each character
{		//	in first half
char	temp = s[j];	//	with character
s[j]	= s[len-j-1];	//	in second half

s[len-j-1] = temp;

}

//reversit()

//function to reverse a string passed to it as an argument void reversit( char s[] )

{


int len	= strlen(s);			// find		length of string
for(int	j	= 0;	j < len/2; j++)	// swap		each character
{				//	in		first half
char	temp =		s[j];	//	with character
s[j]	=	s[len-j-1];		//	in		second half

s[len-j-1] = temp;

}

//ex7_2.cpp

//employee object uses a string as data #include <iostream>

#include <string> using namespace std;

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

class employee

{

private:

string name; long number;

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