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Object-Oriented Software Development

7. Classes may be related by (among others) g________, a_________, or a___________.

8.The waterfall process

a.consists of distinct phases.

b.was never actually used.

c.became untenable because of water shortages.

d.could go in only one direction.

9.True or false: If the UML is used, the Unified Process must also be used.

10.Classes in a program may correspond to

a.nouns in use case descriptions.

b.use cases.

c.associations in a UML diagram.

d.names of famous programmers.

11.True or false: Vague, general entities (such as “the system”) in a use case descriptions are not good candidates for classes in the program.

12.True or false: Entities with a single attribute and no methods are good candidates for classes.

13.In the Unified Process, which of the following may happen from time to time?

a.A use case diagram will be drawn up before the users have specified all the use cases.

b.A class diagram will be drawn before some use case descriptions are written.

c.Some code will be written before the class diagram is complete.

d.The header file with the class declarations will be changed while methods are still being coded.

14.Actors are ________ or ________ that interact with the ________.

15.For the LANDLORD program, STL container classes

a.cannot be used because they cannot be represented in use case diagrams.

b.make a good place to store expenses.

c.cannot be used because C++ is an object-oriented language.

d.make a good place to hide method bodies.

16.Class method definitions

a.should be placed in a header file.

b.should not be placed in a header file.

c.should probably not be distributed to customers.

d.should usually be distributed to customers.

845

O D BJECT EVELOPMENT S

OFTWARE - RIENTEDO

Chapter 16

846

17.True or false: Attribution is one of the major class relationships.

18.Assume there is an association between class A and class B. Also, objA is an object of class A, and objB is an object of class B. Which of the following applies?

a.objA may send a message to objB.

b.Class B must be a subclass of class A, or vice versa.

c.objB must be an attribute of class A, or vice versa.

d.objB may help objA carry out a task.

19.The LANDLORD program makes use of

a.generalization.

b.association.

c.insubordination.

d.aggregation.

20.True or false: In a class diagram, an association is shown as a relationship between objects.

21.In a sequence diagram

a.time goes from left to right.

b.associations go from right to left.

c.horizontal arrows represent messages.

d.vertical dotted lines represent lifetime.

22.A sequence diagram shows messages from one ________ to another.

23.True or false: A sequence diagram often describes a single use case.

24.In a sequence diagram, when a new class instance is created

a.a rectangle with its name is drawn at the appropriate vertical coordinate.

b.a large X marks the point in time.

c.its activity box begins.

d.its lifeline begins.

Projects

We don’t have room in this book for exercises involving the kind of projects involved in this chapter. However, we list some suggestions for projects you may want to pursue on your own.

1.Reread the explanation of the HORSE program from Chapter 10, “Pointers,” but do not look at the code. Create a use case diagram and a class diagram for this program. Use the results to create a .H file, and compare your results with the program. There are many correct results.

Object-Oriented Software Development

2.Reread the explanation of the ELEV program from Chapter 13, “Multifile Programs,” but do not look at the code. Create a use case diagram and a class diagram for this program. Use the results to create appropriate .H files. Compare your results with the program.

3.Create a use case diagram and a class diagram for a business situation you’re familiar with, whether it’s horse trading, software consulting, or dealing in rare comic books.

4.Create a use case diagram and a class diagram for a program you’ve always wanted to write, but haven’t had time for. If you can’t think of anything, try a simple wordprocessing program, a game, or a genealogical program that allows you to enter information about your ancestors and displays a family tree.

847

O D BJECT EVELOPMENT S

OFTWARE - RIENTEDO

ASCII Chart

A PPENDI X

850	Appendix A

TABLE A.1 IBM Character Codes

DEC	HEX	Symbol	Key	Use in C
0	00	(NULL)	Ctrl 2
1	01	A	Ctr A
2	02	B	Ctrl B
3	03	C	Ctrl C
4	04	D	Ctrl D
5	05	E	Ctrl E
6	06	F	Ctrl F
7	07	G	Ctrl G	Beep
8	08	H	Backspace	Backspace
9	09	I	Tab	Tab
10	0A	J	Ctrl J	Linefeed (new line)
11	0B	K	Ctrl K	Vertical Tab
12	0C	L	Ctrl L	Form Feed
13	0D	M	Enter	Carriage Return
14	0E	N	Ctrl N
15	0F	O	Ctrl O
16	10	P	Ctrl P
17	11	Q	Ctrl Q
18	12	R	Ctrl R
19	13	S	Ctrl S
20	14	T	Ctrl T
21	15	U	Ctrl U
22	16	_	Ctrl V
23	17	W	Ctrl W
24	18	X	Ctrl X
25	19	Y	Ctrl Y
26	1A	Z	Ctrl Z
27	1B	a	Esc
28	1C	b	Ctrl \
29	1D	c	Ctrl ]
30	1E	d	Ctrl 6
31	1F	e	Ctrl -

ASCII Chart

851

TABLE A.1 Continued

DEC

HEX

Symbol

Key

Use in C

32	20		spacebar
33	21	!	!
34	22	"	"
35	23	#	#
36	24	$	$
37	25	%	%
38	26	&	&
39	27	'	'
40	28	(	(
41	29	)	)
42	2A	*	*
43	2B	+	+
44	2C	,	,
45	2D	–	–
46	2E	.	.
47	2F	/	/
48	30	0	0
49	31	1	1
50	32	2	2
51	33	3	3
52	34	4	4
53	35	5	5
54	36	6	6
55	37	7	7
56	38	8	8
57	39	9	9
58	3A	:	:
59	3B	;	;
60	3C	<	<
61	3D	=	=
62	3E	>	>
63	3F	?	?

C ASCII

HART

852	Appendix A

TABLE A.1 Continued

DEC	HEX	Symbol	Key	Use in C
64	40	@	@
65	41	A	A
66	42	B	B
67	43	C	C
68	44	D	D
69	45	E	E
70	46	F	F
71	47	G	G
72	48	H	H
73	49	I	I
74	4A	J	J
75	4B	K	K
76	4C	L	L
77	4D	M	M
78	4E	N	N
79	4F	O	O
80	50	P	P
81	51	Q	Q
82	52	R	R
83	53	S	S
84	54	T	T
85	55	U	U
86	56	V	V
87	57	W	W
88	58	X	X
89	59	Y	Y
90	5A	Z	Z
91	5B	[	[
92	5C	\	\
93	5D	]	]
94	5E	^	^
95	5F	_	_

ASCII Chart	853

TABLE A.1 Continued

DEC	HEX	Symbol	Key	Use in C
96	60	'	'
97	61	a	a
98	62	b	b
99	63	c	c
100	64	d	d
101	65	e	e		A
102	66	f	f		A
102	66	f	f
103	67	g	g
104	68	h	h
105	69	i	i
106	6A	j	j
107	6B	k	k
108	6C	l	l
109	6D	m	m
110	6E	n	n
111	6F	o	o
112	70	p	p
113	71	q	q
114	72	r	r
115	73	s	s
116	74	t	t
117	75	u	u
118	76	v	v
119	77	w	w
120	78	x	x
121	79	y	y
122	7A	z	z
123	7B	{	{
124	7C	\|	\|
125	7D	}	}
126	7E	~	~
127	7F	f	Ctrl ←

ASCIIC HART

854	Appendix A

TABLE A.1 Continued

DEC	HEX	Symbol	Key	Use in C
128	80	Ä	Alt 128
129	81	ü	Alt 129
130	82	é	Alt 130
131	83	É	Alt 131
132	84	ä	Alt 132
133	85	à	Alt 133
134	86	å	Alt 134
135	87	ç	Alt 135
136	88	ê	Alt 136
137	89	ë	Alt 137
138	8A	è	Alt 138
139	8B	ï	Alt 139
140	8C	î	Alt 140
141	8D	ì	Alt 141
142	8E	Ä	Alt 142
143	8F	Å	Alt 143
144	90	É	Alt 144
145	91	æ	Alt 145
146	92	Æ	Alt 146
147	93	ô	Alt 147
148	94	ö	Alt 148
149	95	ò	Alt 149
150	96	û	Alt 150
151	97	ù	Alt 151
152	98	ÿ	Alt 152
153	99	Ö	Alt 153
154	9A	Ü	Alt 154
155	9B	õ	Alt 155
156	9C	£	Alt 156
157	9D	¥	Alt 157
158	9E	û	Alt 158
159	9F	ü	Alt 159

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