Simple English for Security Specialists. Information Security of Automated Systems-4

11 Write the comparative and superlative of these adjectives.

Example: old – older – the oldest

1happy

2difficult

3interesting

4modern

5cheap

6nice

7far

8late

9heavy

10serious

11new

12wet

Comparative and superlative adverbs normally have more and most.

Can you drive more slowly?

German is the language he speaks the most easily.

But the following adverbs have -er, -est like adjectives:

12 Write the comparative/superlative of a word from the box for each gap.

3‘Life in the country is ____________ than city life.’

‘Yes, the city is much faster.’

4Teachers always say that students must work ____________.

5Children learn things ____________ than adults.

6Linda swims ____________ (лучше) than her sister.

7Jack’s wife drives ____________ than he does.

8We are going to Rome ____________ in the year.

9Are desktop computers ____________ than laptops? I’m thinking which to buy.

10Excuse me, where is ____________ computer shop?

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11David is a good programmer but he isn’t ____________ in the company.

12It is ____________ article on robotics in the journal.

13Translate these sentences into English. Use comparatives/superlatives.

1У меня много друзей в новой группе. Люди здесь гораздо (much) дружелюбнее.

2Университетский корпус – самое старинное здание на этой улице.

3Я не могу говорить громче.

4Машина моего друга дороже моей.

5Китайский – это самый трудный для меня язык.

6Я собираюсь посмотреть последние новости по телевизору.

7Это самый лёгкий мобильный телефон из трёх (of the three).

8В нашей компании самое современное оборудование в городе.

9Какой из этих компьютеров работает (run) быстрее всех?

10Майкл считает, что планшетный компьютер лучше ноутбука

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4f REVISION

VOCABULARY & READING

1 Match the terms and their abbreviations.

SPEAKING & WRITING

2 Read and translate the following topics. Discuss them in small groups. Choose one topic to write about it 10-15 sentences.

1Cryptography

2Antivirus Software

3Access Control

4Intrusion defence tools

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GRAMMAR

6Complete the sentences using one of the forms: “will” or “going to”.

1Are you going to the supermarket? - Yes, I ... (to buy) some food.

2- Where are you going? - I ... (to buy) an ice cream.

3... (you/ to read) this detective story? Can I take it?

4Can I use your toothpaste? I ... (to brush) my teeth.

5I can’t see you in the evening. I ... (to visit) my parents.

6I promise I ... (to visit) you as soon as I can.

7I’m not sure but it’s possible that they ... (to ask) to do a test project.

8It is her birthday tomorrow. She ... (to be) 19.

9Of course I ... (to take) you to the station.

10Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. I ... (to do) it in a minute.

11We ... (to be) away all day tomorrow. We have a group project.

12We ... (to spend) our weekend in the country. Do you want to come along?

13We’ve nothing to do. ... (we/ to watch) a movie?

14What ... (you / to do) this afternoon?

15What ... (you/ to study) in next term?

16What language ... (you / to study) next year? I’ve decided for German.

17What would you like, tea or coffee? I ... (to have) some tea.

7Complete the sentences using one of the forms: Present simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, to be going to.

1(to the waiter): I ______ (have) a steak, please.

2The boys ______ (start) school on Monday.

3Our new branch ______ (open) next week.

4I ______ (take) an exam in October.

5I’m going ______ (buy) a bicycle.

6Look at the clouds! It ______ (go) rain!

7I’m sure I ______ (not) lose my key.

8I suppose they ______ (sell) the house.

9Birds ______ (build) nests.

10Listen to the wind! We ______ (have) a rough crossing!

11The neighbours ______ (come) in to watch television.

1213. We ______ (leave) at six, ______ (arrive) in Dublin at ten and ______ (take) the plane to New York.

8 Correct one verb form in each sentence. All the sentences are future.

1The English class will be at 10.40.

2I think Jane comes back tomorrow.

3I am becoming a security specialist in five years.

4I buy a new mobile in the next few months.

5I don’t think the computer is going to need more repairs.

6James believes computers are soon replacing books.

7What do you do on Friday afternoon?

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8The plane is going to arrive at 6 a.m. on Monday.

9I do all I can for you – I promise.

10We’ll be late – look at the traffic jam.

11I’m going to have an economics lecture at 10.40 tomorrow.

12I can’t come with you today. I’ll go to university. We have classes from 8.50 to

16.35.

9 Translate the following sentences into English.

1Если ты поедешь на автобусе, это будет дешевле.

2Майк пойдет на концерт, если достанет билет.

3Когда я пойду на учебу, я закрою окно.

4Я куплю молоко и хлеб когда схожу в библиотеку.

5Когда я приеду во Францию, я хочу посетить все интересные музеи.

6Я сдам работу учителю, когда проверю все еще раз.

7Когда достаточно поспишь, ты почувствуешь себя лучше.

8Когда я найду эту статью, я дам тебе ее прочитать.

9Когда я буду на отдыхе, я буду ходить по магазинам.

10Put the verbs in brackets into the right tense: Future Simple, be going to, Present Simple or Present Continuous

1Will: What time ______ (your evening class/finish)? Liz: Half past nine.

Will: ______ (I/come) and collect you?

Liz: Thanks, but I ______ (meet) my sister for a drink.

2Sandy and Alison are students who have been sharing a flat. Sandy is leaving to do a course abroad.

Sandy: It’s hard to say goodbye after so long.

Alison. We must keep in touch. ______ (you/remember) to send me your address when you ______ (get) to the States?

Sandy: Of course. I ______ (probably/not/have) time next week, because my course ______ (start) the day after I ______ (arrive), and I ______ (spend) the weekend with some old friends of my father’s.

Alison: Well, you can phone.

Sandy: Yes, I guess so. Do you know what you ______ (do) this time next Sunday?

Alison: I ______ (get) ready to go to London.

Sandy: OK. I ______ (phone) about three o’clock next Sunday. Alison: Great. I ______ (wait) for your call.

3Ann: ______ (you two/go) out? Bill: Yes, why?

Ann: It’s just said on the radio that it ______ (snow). Bill: Oh, has it? I ______ (take) my big coat then. Joe: Good idea. So ______ I.

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5a HACKING

VOCABULARY

1 Read and learn the words and phrases.

2 Write the English equivalent instead of the Russian word in brackets.

1I write programming languages but just for my own (развлечение).

2This is his second (попытка) at the exam.

3The situation is very (сложный).

4My father is an (эксперт) on hacking.

5The best way to (исследовать) the city is on foot.

6You can’t (существовать) without water for more than a week.

7You need to (определять) your priorities: family or work.

8Joe, can you help me to (устанавливать) this software?

9I get a lot of (удовольствие) from studying at TUSUR.

10Hacking can be a long and difficult (процесс).

11Pascal is a (язык программирования).

12Checking all passwords to a system is a (утомительный) task.

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READING

5 Read and translate the information about hacking.

Hacking

A hacker is a computer enthusiast. Hackers explore, play with, and learn about computers. They are experts on programming languages and computer systems. They can write computer programs. Hackers also find clever solutions to difficult and different problems.

Hacking is a systematic and tiresome process of a lot of complex activities. Usually it is for pleasure and amusement, or to exercise the brain. Hacking is usually harmless, and can even result in advances in current technology.

There are six steps in the hacking process:

1.footprinting: the hacker gathers information about the company;

2.scanning: the hacker understands what specific computer systems and services are in use;

3.enumeration: the hacker identifies poorly protected computer resources;

4.penetration: the hacker attempts to gain control of one or more computer systems;

5.advance: the hacker launches additional attacks and/or gathers additional information;

6.covering tracks: the hacker installs programs; the programs replace the existing

software system, cover his/her tracks and gather new information. In the modern world there are several types of hackers:

a white hat hacker legally tests the security system of a computer network;

a grey hat hacker illegally breaks a secure system and offers the administrator to correct a security defect for a fee;

a black hat hacker (or a cracker) destroys, modifies, or steals data.

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6 Answer the following questions.

1What is a hacker?

2What do hackers do?

3What is hacking?

4Can hacking be useful? Why / Why not?

5Who is Eric S. Raymond? What is he famous for?

6How many steps are there in the hacking process?

7What types of hackers do you know?

8What does a white hat hacker do?

9What does a grey hat hacker do?

10What does a black hat hacker do?

7Match the six steps in the hacking process to their explanation.

The hacker deletes everything that shows his/her malicious behaviour. He/She hides hacking files and avoids detection.

The hacker can install a Trojan horse programme to gather additional information from data that is on the network.

For example, the hacker gets a list of usernames during enumeration, he/she can usually guess one of the user’s passwords and access that user’s account.

It is like a person enters an office, looks through documents and searches for the necessary information. The hacker identifies user accounts and connects to computer in the network.

The hacker gains more detailed information on a company’s network and understands which systems on the network are reachable from the Internet. It

is like a person knocks on the door to see if it is open or closed.

The hacker gains information about the place of the company, phone numbers and employee names. A clever phone call to the technical support department helps: ‘Hi. This is Bill and I forgot my password. Can you tell me what it is?’

8 Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.

1During footprinting the hacker collects information about the company.

2During examining the hacker gains more detailed information.

3During enumeration the hacker discovers user accounts.

4During moving into the hacker attempts to gain control of the systems.

5During the advance step the hacker begins additional attacks.

6During the covering tracks step the hacker changes the existing software system.

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GRAMMAR

Adjectives with –ing and – ed

We can build an adjective with endings –ed or –ing.

Example: to bore (скучать) – bored (скучающий) and boring (скучный).

We use the adjective with –ed to reflect how the person feels about something: Example: I was bored by the history lesson. – Мне было скучно на лекции по истории.

We use the adjective with –ing to describe something:

Example: The history lesson was boring. – Лекция по истории была скучной.

9Read the situation and say how you feel about it using – ing adjectives.

1You were told that the next lesson is cancelled.

2Your sister doesn’t answer her phone the whole day.

3You learnt that you won the first price in the Math Olympiad.

4You are going home and suddenly a big dog is running towards you.

5You had five lessons and a training in one day.

10Describe these things or situations using –ed

adjectives.

1A long sad film about relationship.

2A football game between Manchester and United.

3A trip to the forest for a week.

4A weekend in a hotel in Alps.

5When a friend offers you to drive his BMW.

11 Fill the gaps with the adjectives in brackets and translate the sentences.

Example: He's such a monotonous speaker. I was bored. (bored / boring)

1I had such a ______ day I went straight to bed. (tired / tiring)

2Everyone's very _______ about the news. (excited / exciting)

3I don't like watching ______ films on my own. (depressed / depressing)

4I was ______ when she told me she'd got divorced. (amazed / amazing)

5He's such a ______ guy. He only ever talks about himself. (bored / boring)

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