Simple English for Security Specialists. Information Security of Automated Systems-4

GRAMMAR

Future Simple. Whenand if-clauses

We use Future Simple:

5to refer to things in the future that we think are certain

She will be here in fifteen minutes.

6to make predictions about the future

The new computer will probably cost over $500.

We often say I think (I don’t think) … will …:

I think Tracy will pass the exam. I don’t think they will win.

7 for immediate intentions and decisions. We usually use ’ll, not will, after I think.

I’m tired. I don’t think I’ll work late tonight.

8to make promises and offers

I will phone you tomorrow.

We use will + the base form of the verb.

9Complete the sentences with your own predictions.

Example: It will / will not snow next week. (snow)

1Russia ________ the next football World Cup. (win)

2Russia ________ a superpower in 2050. (become)

3There ________ a world government before 2050. (be)

4There ________ a new world war before 2050. (be)

5English ________ the world language in 2050. (be)

6People ________ very different in 2150. (look)

7Everybody ________ a car in 2050. (have)

8Everybody ________ a smartphone in 2050. (have)

9Everybody ________ a computer in 2050. (have)

10People ________ all information on computer in 2050. (store)

11People ________ to avoid security breaches in 2050. (learn)

12People ________ all information through the Internet in 2050. (transmit)

13(Write your own prediction.)

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10 Put in will (’ll) or will not (won’t).

Example: I need some exercise. I think I’ll go for a walk.

1James ________ be 21 next year.

2It ________ rain, so you don’t need to take an umbrella.

3I have some spare time. I think I ________ go out.

4I’m leaving tonight, so I ________ be at work tomorrow.

5I ________ call you at about 6 o’clock.

6OK. My diary says I’m free on Wednesday. So we ________ meet next Wednesday.

7They ________ tell us very much until January.

8________ you be at home early tomorrow?

9I ________ keep the firewall on. I think it is not necessary.

10I am sure you ________ make a brilliant security specialist.

11Don’t miss so many classes. You ________ pass the credit test.

12I think Sarah ________ pass the exam. She is very good at technical drawing.

11 Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use I’ll be … or I’ll probably be … .

Example: I’ll (probably) be at home in the evening.

1two hours from now

2at 9 p.m. today

3at midnight tonight

4at 11 a.m. tomorrow

5at 7 o’clock tomorrow evening

6a year from now

7six years from now

Whenand if-clauses

After when or if we use the Present Simple form. In the main clause we use the Future Simple form or to be going to.

Examples:

When I meet him I will tell him about the conference. I will tell him about the conference when I meet him. When the weather is fine we will go for a picnic.

We will go for a picnic when the weather is fine. If you don’t hurry you will be late.

You will be late if you don’t hurry.

If I have time I will help you with your homework. I will help you with your homework if I have time.

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MORE WORDS AND PHRASES TO KNOW

immediate – недавний; происходящий здесь и сейчас promise – обещание

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READING

4 Read, translate and learn about what antivirus software is and how it helps to protect your computing device.

Antivirus Software

Antivirus software is a program or set of programs that are intended to prevent, search for, detect, and remove software viruses, and other hateful software like worms, trojans, adware, and more. These tools are dangerous for users to have installed and up-to-date since a computer without antivirus software installed will be infected within minutes of linking to the net. The attack is continuous, with antivirus companies update their detection tools continually to deal with the more than 60,000 new pieces of malware created day-to-day.

There are some different corporations that build and propose antivirus software and what each proposal can vary but all achieve some basic functions:

scan exact files or directories for any malware or identified hateful patterns;

agree you to schedule scan to automatically run for you;

agree you to initiate a scan of an exact file or of your PC, Laptop, Mobile, Android tablet, iPhone, and other device or of a CD or flash drive at all time;

remove any malicious code detected occasionally you will be informed of an infection and asked if you want to clean the file, additional programs will automatically do this behindhand the scenes;

show you the strength of your PC, Laptop, Mobile, Android tablet, iPhone, and other device.

In Windows 8, Windows Defender replaces Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE). Windows Defender runs in the background and notifies you when you need to take specific action. However, you can use it any time to scan for malware if your computer isn’t working properly or you clicked a suspicious link online or in an email message.

Antivirus software was originally developed to detect and remove computer viruses, hence the name. However, with the proliferation of other kinds of malware, antivirus software started to provide protection from other computer threats. In particular, modern antivirus software can protect from: malicious Browser Helper Objects (BHOs), browser hijackers, key loggers, backdoors, rootkits, trojan horses, worms, diallers, fraud tools, adware and spyware.

Some products also include protection from other computer threats, such as infected and malicious uniform resource locators (URLs), spam, scam and phishing attacks, online identity (privacy), online banking attacks, social engineering techniques, advanced persistent threat (APT), botnets, DDoS attacks.

Permanently be sure you have the best, up-to-date safety software installed to protect your device.

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5 What do the acronyms mean?

6 Complete the sentences with the terms from the box.

1__________ can prevent access to computer systems by unwanted computer programs.

2A __________ is a popular way to store digital information. It is an easy way to share data or information.

3__________ is another name for a web address. It is made of letters, numbers and other symbols in a standard form.

4APT is an acronym to __________. It refers to a set stealthy and continuous computer hacking processes.

5A __________ is a computer virus which allows someone to take control on your computer. It is very dangerous.

6__________ is designed as a plug-in for Microsoft’s internet Explorer web browser to provide added functionality.

7A __________ is a cyber attack where the perpetrator uses more than one, often thousands of, unique IP addresses.

8___________ is an application made by Microsoft. It prevents, removes and quarantine’s spyware in Microsoft Windows.

9A __________ is an attempt to defraud a person or group after first gaining their confidence, used in the classical sense of trust.

10In computing, a __________ is a way of bypassing security mechanisms to gain access to a resource that is otherwise secured.

11__________ is a free antivirus software created by Microsoft that provides protection against viruses, spyware, rootkits, and Trojans for Windows XP.

12A __________ is an electronic device that is connected to a telephone line to monitor the dialed numbers and alter them to seamlessly provide services that otherwise require lengthy National or International access codes to be dialed.

13__________ is a form of unwanted software that modifies a web browser’s settings without a user’s permission, to inject unwanted advertising into the user’s browser.

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GRAMMAR

Be going to

We use be going to + the base form of the verb:

1to talk about future plans, decisions and firm intentions, especially in an informal style

I’m going to buy some books tomorrow.

2to predict something that we think is certain to happen or which we have evidence for now

It’s going to snow again soon. (The speaker can probably see dark snow clouds.)

7Fill in the gaps with am/is/are. Translate the sentences.

Example: The radio says it is going to be sunny tomorrow.

1We _____ going to drive to London on Saturday.

2I’m about 100% sure I _____ going to fail in the exam tomorrow.

3Sarah and Sean _____ going to buy a house in Manhattan.

4They _____ going to develop a new product next month.

5The laboratory _____ going to control the quality of the test method.

6The scientists _____ going to repeat Tesla’s experiment in the autumn of 2016.

7According to the press release, the company _____

going to produce a wide range of modules for these phones.

8I _____ going to change the password on my laptop.

9It _____ going to cost 8,000 to repair your computer.

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