Simple English for Security Specialists. Information Security of Automated Systems-4

GRAMMAR

Present Continuous & Present Perfect Passive

Present Continuous Passive

1. Form

2.Use

When the person who performs the action is not important or unknown.

The action is happening at the moment.

The difference between the Present Simple Passive and Continuous is the same

as in the Active Voice.

Example: The reports are written every week. The reports are being written now.

Note: We can also use Continuous forms for future. Example: The contract is being discussed next week.

9Read the sentences and define the tense.

1Bob’s secretary is typing the letter now.

2Mum’s making cookies for tomorrow.

3She’s baking a cake in the kitchen.

4Some pancakes are being made in the kitchen.

5The animals are being fed by the farmer.

6The letter is being delivered by hand.

7The policeman is questioning the criminal.

8The students are being taught by a new teacher today.

9The surprise party is being organized by her friends.

10We’re learning Spanish this year.

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10 Rewrite using the passive voice.

1A famous interior designer is redecorating their house.

2A tutor is teaching Jill at home.

3An experienced dog handler is training the dogs.

4Greenpeace is informing the public about the global warming.

5School children are cleaning the beaches.

6The Civil Defence is warning people to stay at home.

7They are developing new devices.

8They are saving the Amazon Forest.

9They are selling cakes to raise money.

10They are translating the book into Spanish.

11Put the verb in brackets into the Present Continuous Active or Passive.

1Dinner ______ (prepare) by my husband tonight.

2Drinks _______ (serve) in the lounge bar.

3He ______ (take) to hospital by ambulance.

4Jane ______ (help) Bob with his maths.

5Look! That girl ______ (kiss) by her boyfriend.

6She ______ (take) her baby to the park.

7The barman ______ (prepare) the drinks.

8The cleaning lady ______ (prepare) the rooms.

9The grapes ______ (pick) next week.

10The rooms ______ (clean) at the moment.

Present Perfect Passive

1. Form

2.Use

When the person who performs the action is not important or unknown.

The action happened in the past and is connected with present.

The difference between the Present Perfect Passive and Past Simple Passive is

the same as in the Active Voice. Example: The reports were written last week.

The reports have just been written.

The new contract has been discussed recently. Has the project been finished yet?

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12 Rewrite the sentences in the Present Perfect Passive.

1For the last 3 years he has put on stage 4 new performances.

2Has the postman delivered our mail yet?

3Have the results of your work ever disappointed you?

4How many points have the team scored in this game?

5Our teacher has given us lots of homework today.

6People have asked me this question hundreds of times.

7Since 2010 they have built 2 sports centres in our city.

8This building looks so old, nobody has ever renovated it.

9This cooker doesn’t seem new, somebody has already used it.

10Thousands of people have visited this small resort this summer.

13Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect Active or Passive.

16 million Euros ______ (steal) from a bank in the centre of town.

2A tiger ______ (capture) in a park in Brighton.

3All flights ______ (cancel) because of the strike.

4He ______ (go) to Mexico. He’ll be back in a week.

5My husband and I ______ (be) together for years.

6She ______ (work) as a teacher for over 30 years.

7That castle ______ (visit) by hundreds of tourists.

8The doors to the museum ______ (not/open) yet.

9They ______ (finish) the repairs on the roof.

10War ______ (declare)!

14Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Perfect Passive or Past Simple Passive.

1We didn’t know that the programme______ already ______ (broadcast).

2I hope that our fight ______ (forget).

3I’m angry because my party ______ (spoil).

4By June all exams ______ (pass) and we could at last enjoy our holidays.

5Jim looks so happy. Do you know that he ______ just ______ (offer) a new job?

6The novel I ______ (give) is another science fiction story.

7The film that was on was not new: it ______ (show) many times.

15Translate the sentences; use Present Perfect Passive or Past Simple Passive.

1Все цветы распроданы.

2Дом только что достроили.

3Книги вернули на прошлой неделе.

4Письмо вернули, так как на нем не было марки.

5Стены покрасили, пока никого не было дома.

6Тест писали вчера в час дня.

7Цветы были политы вчера.

8Этой комнатой последнее время не пользуются.

9Яйца уже сварили.

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MORE WORDS AND PHRASES TO KNOW

advertise – рекламировать approval – одобрение

configure – конфигурировать; оснащать considered – взвешенный, обдуманный consumer – потребитель

demo – демонстрационный образец disrupt – срывать

embed – встраивать

free in price – бесплатный gather – собирать(ся)

grow – расти, увеличиваться identify – устанавливать, определять in reference to – в связи с

key logger – кейлоггер, программа для перехвата вводимой с клавиатуры информации

keystroke – нажатие клавиши legitimate – законный

nag – пилить, ворчать persistently – упорно, настойчиво

preview – предварительный просмотр reminder – напоминание

request – просьба, (вежливое) требование surface – поверхность

utility – утилита, компьютерная программа

violent – насильственный, ожесточённый; опасный, жестокий

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3e CULTURE CLIP: THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND

VOCABULARY

1 Read and learn the words and phrases.

3 Fill in the squares with vowels.

4 Choose the correct word or phrase in italics in each sentence.

1The UK has a strong city / government.

2London is the capital city / government of England.

3The Russian Federation plays a major / producer role in the peace process.

4Australia is one of the main major / producers of wool.

5Japan is a major exporter / navigation of cars.

6In the past, exporter / navigation depended on knowledge of the positions of the stars. (depend – depended - depended)

7The river lies / real 30 km to the south.

8What is the lie / real reason George is absent?

9Usually students have some constitutional / financial difficulties.

10Freedom of speech is a constitutional / financial right.

11All the rest / Traditions and customs vary in different countries.

12Bill and Paul and all the rest / traditions and customs are late for English.

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READING

5 Read and translate the information about the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The United Kingdom, or the UK, lies on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland also make up Great Britain. The territory of the UK is about 244,000 square kilometres. The population is more than 63 million. The capital of the country is London. It is an important global city and financial centre.

The northwest part of the country is mountainous. People call it the Highlands. All the rest is a vast plain. It is the Lowlands. The most important rivers are the Severn, the Thames and the Trent.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government. Today, the monarch has no real power. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It sits in the Houses of Parliament in Westminster. The major political parties in the United Kingdom are the Conservative, the Labour, the Liberal parties, and the Scottish National party.

Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

Notes

the British Isles – Британские острова

England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland – Англия, Уэльс, Шотландия и Северная Ирландия

the Highlands – Северо-Шотландское нагорье (Хайленд) the Lowlands – Среднешотландская Низменность (Лоуленд)

the Severn, the Thames and the Trent – реки Северн, Темза, Трент the House of Lords – Палата лордов

the House of Commons – Палата общин

Westminster – Вестминстер (район, где находится Вестминстерское аббатство) the Conservative party – Консервативная партия

the Labour party – Лейбористская партия the Liberal party – Либеральная партия

the Scottish National party – Национальная партия Шотландии

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6 Complete the sentences with the numbers from the text above.

1__________countries make up the United Kingdom.

2Great Britain consists of __________ countries.

3The UK is about __________ square kilometers.

4More than __________ million people live in the UK.

5There are __________ most important rivers in the kingdom.

6The British Parliament consists of __________ chambers.

7There are __________ major political parties in the state.

8There are __________ most famous educational centres in the country.

7 Are the statements TRUE or FALSE?

1The United Kingdom is an island country.

2The UK is the largest country in the world.

3The Thames is the only river in the state.

4The surface of the British Isles varies very much.

5The country has nothing to produce.

6The UK is a highly developed industrial country.

7The UK is a constitutional monarchy.

8There is only one political party in the state.

9The UK is not an old country.

10The state is not rich in universities.

8 Complete the table about the four countries of the UK.

Capitals: Belfast, Cardiff, Edinburgh, London

Area, thousand km2: 14; 21; 79; 130: Northern Ireland is the smallest. Population, million: 2; 3; 5; 53: Northern Ireland is the least populated. National flower: the daffodil, the flax, the red rose, the thistle

Flag

Country

Capital

Area

Population

National flower

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GRAMMAR

9 Pronouns. Study the information.

10 Change the nouns and noun phrases for subject personal pronouns.

We use personal pronouns in place of nouns and noun phrases.

Mike is eighteen. He is a university student.

My sister is thirty-two. She is an accountant.

We use I, he, she, it, we, you, they as subjects before verbs.

I like physics. We are from Tomsk in Russia.

11 Rewrite the sentences with subject personal pronouns. Use them in place of the nouns and noun phrases in italics.

Example: The typical first degree is a bachelor’s degree.

It is a bachelor’s degree.

1Mary is a third-year student.

2Anastasia and I are from the same group at university.

3You and your friend are welcome to our company.

4Master’s degrees in the UK take at least a year full-time.

5The University of Cambridge has more than 18,000 students.

6Sir Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, is an Oxford graduate.

7Oxford and Cambridge Universities are the two oldest universities in the Englishspeaking world.

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12 Rewrite the sentences with object personal pronouns. Use them in place of the nouns and noun phrases in italics.

We use me, him, her, it, us, you, them as objects after verbs, after prepositions and after be.

They know us. Talk to her. ‘Who’s that?’‘It’s me.’ (NOT normally ‘It is I.’)

We use the pronoun you to talk about one person or people (it is singular or plural). It is usually clear from the context.

We also use you to talk about people in general, not someone specific:

Too much coffee is bad for you.

Example: Do you know Mr Stevens? Do you know him?

1I do not like examinations.

2Do not forget about Lena and me.

3I want to come with you and Alexander.

4People around the world know Queen Elizabeth II.

5Tell William the homework for tomorrow.

6After students complete an undergraduate degree, they have an opportunity to take a postgraduate degree.

7About 20,000 people apply for undergraduate study at the University of Oxford every year.

13 Use the correct pronoun.

Example: I know Pete, and he knows me.

1I never read English books. I do not like __________.

2My brothers Victor and Paul are programmers. __________ live in London.

3Andrew never does his homework. Please talk to __________.

4I think __________ is a good actress.

5Kate Middleton (Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge) is quite popular in Britain. Many people like __________.

6The University of Oxford is located in England. __________ is over 800 years old.

726 British Prime Ministers studied at Oxford University. David Cameron is one

of __________.

8 Doctoral degrees usually take three years full-time. __________

include programmes of original research.

9Michael is studying for a bachelor’s degree at Cambridge. __________ is in his first year.

10The Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science are typical first degrees in the UK.

__________ normally last for three years.

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