колды / тестовые задания по курсу коллоидной химии
.pdf
1.Us =
) – s |
|
; ) – |
|
; ) – |
|
; ) – T |
|
, |
|||
|
|
|
|
||||||||
s |
T |
T |
p |
s |
T |
T |
p |
||||
– ; s – ; – -
; – .
2. Us
:
) Us ) Us ) Us
T |
|
T |
|
T |
) |
Us |
) Us |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T T
3. T :
) |
) |
) |
T |
T |
|
|
T |
) |
) |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
T T
11
4. qs T
:
) qs |
) qs |
) qs |
T |
|
T |
|
|
T |
) |
qs |
) |
qs |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
T T
5. Ss T :
) Ss |
) Ss |
) Ss |
T |
T |
|
|
T |
) Ss |
) |
Ss |
||
|
|
|
|
|
T T
6. , -
0,025 2, -
1000 2.
7. , ,
10 .
8. , ,
10 .
12
2.2.1.,
1.:
) -
;
) -
;
) ;
) -
.
2.:
) ;
) ;
) .
3.:
) ;
) ,
;
) .
4.( ) :
) ;
) ;
) .
5.:
) , -
;
) , -
;
)
, -
;
) , -
13
; 6. ( ) :
) ,
;
) , -
;
)
, -
;
) , -
-
; |
|
|
|
|
7. |
( ) ( ) - |
|||
: |
|
|
|
|
|
) ; |
) < . |
|
|
8. |
, |
|||
: |
|
|||
|
) ; |
|||
|
) ; |
|||
|
) ; |
|||
|
) - |
|||
|
. |
|
|
|
9. |
: |
|
||
|
) =f ); |
) =f ); |
) =f ); |
) =f ); |
) =f ),
– ; – ; – .
10.:
) =f ); |
) =f ); |
) =f ); |
) =f ); |
) =f ),
– ; – ; – . 11. :
) =f ); ) =f ); ) =f ); ) =f ); ) =f ),
– ; – ; – .
14
12. , -
:
) |
1 |
) |
1 |
) |
1 |
) |
1 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
1 2 |
|
1 2 |
1 2 |
1 2 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.d =
) ( idni ) ; |
) ( id i ) ; |
) |
i |
; |
) |
i |
, |
|
|
||||||
i |
i |
i |
dni |
i |
d i |
||
i – i ; ni – i -
; i – i .
2.
– d ~ :
) 1dn1 + 2dn2; |
) |
2 |
; |
) |
1 |
|
2 |
; |
) 2d 2; ) |
1 |
, |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
dn2 |
|
d 1 2 |
|
d 1 |
|||||
1 – ; 2 – ( ); – -
; i – i ; ni –
i ; i – i .
=:
) RT; |
) |
c |
|
d |
; |
) – RT; |
) |
c |
|
d |
, |
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
RT dc |
|
|
RT dc |
||||||
– ; – ; – ; R –
.
4. , g =:
) |
d |
; |
) |
d |
; |
) lim |
|
d |
; |
|
dc |
dc |
dc |
||||||||
|
|
|
|
c 0 |
|
|
– ; – .
d) lim dc , c 0
15
5. :
) |
|
; |
) |
|
; |
) |
|
; |
) |
2 |
; ) 2. |
|
2 |
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
6.
:
) ; ) ; ) .
7. -
:
) ; ) ; ) .
8. , -
( ) :
) |
> H O ; |
) g 0; ) |
d |
> 0; |
) H O > , |
|
dc |
||||||
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
– ; g – ; c – -
.
9. , -
– :
) ; |
) ; |
) ; |
) ; |
) . |
|
10.
:
) i |
|
d |
; |
) i |
|
d |
; |
) –d = RTdc; |
|
|
|||||||
|
|
dni |
|
|
d i |
|
||
|
|
) |
–d = RTd(lnc); |
) id i , |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
i |
i – i- ; ni – i -
; i – i ; –
; – ; – ; R –
.
11. -
( ) – :
) |
) |
) |
) . |
16
12.
, -
:
) |
) |
) |
|
) |
|
|
H2O |
|
H2O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13.
, -
.
) |
) |
) |
|
) |
|
|
H2O |
|
H2O |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.3.,
2.3.1.,
1., -
, :
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
2. , -
, : |
|
||
) ; |
) ; |
) ; |
) . |
3. ,
, -
: |
|
|
|
) ; |
) ; |
) ; |
) . |
17
4. (W ) :
) |
+ ; |
) |
+ + ; |
) |
+ – ; |
) |
– – , |
– ;
– ; – -
.
5.
, |
W : |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
) W W |
2 |
; |
) W |
|
W |
; |
) 2(W |
W |
) ; |
|||||||
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
W |
W |
W W |
2 |
|
|
|||||||
|
) 2(W W ) ; |
) |
|
1 |
|
2 |
; |
) |
|
1 |
|
, |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
W |
W |
– 1 2- . |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. W - |
|||||||||||||||||
: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
) W ) > W ); |
|
|
) W ) > W ); |
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
) W ) < W ); |
|
|
) W ) < W ). |
|
|
|
||||||||||
7. W -
( – ).
) W ) > W );
) W ) > W );
) W ) > W ).
8. Wa :
) 1- – 2- – 1- 2 |
) 1- |
– 2- + 1- 2 |
) 1- + 2- + 1- 2 |
) 1- |
+ 2- – 1- 2, |
1- – ,
2- – ,
1- 2 – .
18
2.3.2.,
1., .
) |
|
|
|
) |
|
|
|
) |
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
) |
|
|
|
|
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
2. |
, : |
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
) 1800; |
|
) 900; |
|
) 900; |
) = 900. |
||||||||||
3. |
, : |
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
) = 900; |
|
) 900; |
|
) 900; |
) = 00. |
||||||||||
4. |
( ) |
||||||||||||||||
cos : |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
) |
– ( + ); |
|
) |
– ( – ); |
|||||||||||
|
|
) |
( – ) ; |
|
) |
|
– |
, |
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
i-j – i j .
5. cos
( – ):
) cos > cos ;
) cos > cos ;
) cos > cos .
6. W :
) |
W |
cos ; |
) W |
1 cos |
; |
) 2W (1 cos ) |
||
|
|
|||||||
2 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
) 2W (1 cos ) ; |
|
) W |
1 cos |
, |
||
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W – ; – .
19
7. -
:
os |
1 |
4 |
|
|
3 |
2
1
–1 ( – ; – ).
) 4; ) 3; ) 2; ) 1.
8. -
:
os |
|
1 |
4 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
1 |
–1 |
|
|
|
|
( – ; – ).
) 1 2; ) 1 3; ) 1 4; ) 2 4.
9. -
:
os |
|
|
1 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
–1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( – ; – ). |
||||||
) 1 4; ) 1 2; |
) 2 3; ) 2 4. |
|||||
10. -
:
) 00; ) 900; ) 1800; ) 2700.
20