importer and exporter, contract between 2.45-2.47 importer and issuing bank, contract
between 2.48-2.51 importer, security and 1.01
independence principle, strict documentary compliance 4.40-4.48
risk reduction, function 2.07, 2.08 security, other obligations 2.11 transaction, stages 2.04, 2.05 types of 2.28
Maintenance or warranty guarantees, construction and supply contracts 3.3 l
Mareva injunctions See Freezing injunctions
Negotiation credits 2.37,2.38 beneficiary’s fraud, effect of 5.88-5-91
Nullity exception
bank, investigation dilemma 6.24, 6.25
chain contracts, unfair to beneficiary 6.26, 6.27 documents
bank security interest 6.30 fraudulent creation 6.03 forged documents
beneficiary, by 6.04 third parties 6.05-6.08
fraud, discouraging 6.31 honest error
beneficiary 6.10-6.12 third party 6.09
injunction 10.24
policy considerations 6.22 reasons against 6.23—6.27 reasons favouring 6.28-6.31 Singapore, approach in 6.13-6.19
honest error in document 6.21 UCP 60, 500 6.14,6.18,6.19 uncertainty, and 6.23
voidab initio 6.02
OHADA UniformAct on Securities 3.41, 3.42
Payment
abusive demand for 1.04 assurance of 1.02
Performance bond, liabilityassumed under 3.63 Performance bonds
account party claim against beneficiary 12.33
autonomous nature of 4.01 |
|
choice oflaw 13.72 |
|
beneficiary and issuing bank |
13.95-13.98 |
instructing bank and account party 13.102 |
issuing and instructing bank |
13.99-13.101 |
Furopean regime, place ofpayment 13.28, 13.32, 13.33, 13.39
fraud protection
bare demand payment 5.127 beneficiary’s certificate 5.123-5.126
illegality, Singaporean practice 8.52 issuer’s obligations 3.65
underlying international transaction 3.99 Performance guarantees 3.24, 3.25
Recklessness exception beneficiary, recklessness of 6.36 benefits of 6.38,6.39 definition 6.32
injunction 10.24 Singapore, in 6.33-6.35 third party documents 6.37 uncertainty, and 6.38
‘Red clause’ credits, bank undertaking under 2,40
Retention guarantees, interim payments 3.30 Revocable credits 2.29,2.30
Revolving credits, operation of 2.39 Risk, reduction 2.07, 2.08
Sanctions, illegality exception 8.04, 8.05 Sight credits 2.33
Standby credits 2.43 Straight credits 2.36,2.38
‘Suicide’ instruments, fraud protection 5.127 Summaryjudgment, illegality, defence 8.01 Suretyship guarantees
categorization
со-extensive liability 3.86, 3.87 conclusive evidence clause 3.83-3.85 contestation notwithstanding
undertaking 3.94
contract variation exclusion 3.89,3.90 damages payment undertaking 3.91,3.92 description 3.75, 3.76
guarantee subject to URDG 758 3.88 ‘if and when5payment undertaking 3.93 liability certificate 3.82
Marubeni presumption 3.95-3.98 payment on demand’ 3.77, 3.78 primary obligor clause 3.80,3.81 specific terms 3.74 unconditional undertaking 3.79
categorization problems 3.71-3.73 со-extensive liability 3.63
demand guarantees, differences between 3.61 demand, payment on 3.66
legal and equitable defences 3.65 primary liability, proofof 3.64 secondary liability assumed under 3.62 set-off 3.65
underlying transaction variation, effect of 3.68, 3.69
writing, requirement of 3.70 SWIFT 2.04
Syndication, demand guarantees 3.08
Transferable credits, UCP 600 2.41