Лабараторки_Плотников(теория_и_задания) / Лабораторная ППП

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɜɨɞɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨ- ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɜɨɞɚ (ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚ) ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ (ɷɤɪɚɧ) ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɫɨ- ɥɶɸ. ȼ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɋ# ɧɟɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ. ȼɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚ- ɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ Console, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢɦɟɧ

System.

ȼɜɨɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ReadLine, ɪɟɚ- ɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ Console. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɹɜ- ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɨɧ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ

(string).

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:

static void Main()

{

string s = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine(s);

}

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɨɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:

static void Main()

{

string s = Console.ReadLine(); int x = int.Parse(s); //

//

Console.WriteLine(x);

}

ɂɥɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ:

32

static void Main()

{

//

int x = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine(x);

}

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɬɢɩ int ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞ int.Parse(), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟ- ɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ, ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ float.Parse() ɢɥɢ double.Parse(). ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɬɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɝɟ- ɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ System.FormatExeption (ɜɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ).

ȼɵɜɨɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

ȼ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ɦɵ ɭɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ WriteLine, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ Console, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨ- ɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.4):

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.4. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ

33

ȿɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ WriteLine ɦɟ- ɬɨɞ Write, ɜɵɜɨɞ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ.

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ, ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɹɟɦɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɤɨɫɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɢ ɢɫɩɨ- ɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɞɨɜ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɝɪɚɮɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɧɨ- ɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ) ɢɥɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɯ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɚɩɨɫɬɪɨɮ). Ɋɚɫ- ɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.5):

34

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 3. ȼɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚ- ɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɟɤɭɳɭɸ ɞɚɬɭ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ.

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1

{

class Program

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

//

OperatingSystem os = System.Environment.OSVersion; Console.WriteLine("Platform: {0}",os.Platform); System.Console.WriteLine("The current date and time is " + System.DateTime.Now); // System.Console.ReadLine();

}

}

}

35

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 4. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y cos X

1 X2

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq;

using System.Text; namespace lab0

{

class Program

{

static void Main(string[] args)

{

System.DateTime.Now); double pi = 3.14159;

Console.WriteLine("Input x =\r");

double x = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine()); double y = Math.Cos(pi * x)/(1 + x*x); Console.WriteLine(" x = {0} \t y = {1} ",x,y);

36

Console.ReadKey();

}

}

}

2. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ.

Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ 1. ɇɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ, ɜɵɜɨɞɹɳɭɸ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɟɪ- ɫɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɞɚɬɵ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟ-

37