Лабараторки_Плотников(теория_и_задания) / Лабораторная ППП
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ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇȺə ɊȺȻɈɌȺ ʋ 1.
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ C# ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ, ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɜɨɞ ɜɵɜɨɞ.
1. Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ Ɍɢɩɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
əɡɵɤ C# ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚ- ɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɧɢɦɵ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢɦɟɧ System. ɇɚɩɪɢ- ɦɟɪ, ɬɢɩ string – ɷɬɨ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɧɢɦ ɬɢɩɚ System.String, ɚ ɬɢɩ int
– ɩɫɟɜɞɨɧɢɦ ɬɢɩɚ System.Int32. ȼɫɟ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟ- ɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ: ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ; ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ; ɥɨɝɢɱɟ- Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.1
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Ɍɢɩ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ |
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɨɟ |
ɉɫɟɜɞɨɧɢɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ |
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ |
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ɫɥɨɜɨ |
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ NET |
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ɛɢɬ) |
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ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ |
bool |
System.Boolean |
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ɰɟɥɵɣ |
Int |
System.Int32 |
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32 |
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shot |
System.Int16 |
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16 |
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byte |
System.Byte |
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8 |
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sbyte |
System.SByte |
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8 |
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long |
System.Int64 |
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64 |
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ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ |
float |
System.Single |
7 |
32 |
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double |
System.Double |
15 |
64 |
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ɋɬɪɨɤɨɜɵɣ |
string |
System.String |
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ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ |
shar |
System.Char |
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16 |
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Unicod |
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Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɬɢɩ |
object |
System.Object |
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ɫɤɢɣ ɬɢɩ; ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ; ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ (object). Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.1.
ɂɟɪɚɪɯɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ NET Framework ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɤɨɪɟɧɶ – ɤɥɚɫɫ System.Object. ȼɫɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ: ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɢ ɫɫɵɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɟ ɜ ɫɬɟɤɟ ɜɵ- ɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɬɢɩɭ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ. ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɧɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡ- ɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ null. Ʉ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɚɦ, ɧɚ- ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭ- ɪɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɫɵɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ- ɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɤɭ- ɱɟɣ. ɋɫɵɥɤɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɋ#.
ɉɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ, ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɢ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ.
ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Visual Studio ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨ-
ɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Microsoft Visual Basic, Microsoft Visual C#).
Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ C#, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Visual Studio, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ. ɉɪɢ- ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɋ# ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ. Ʉɚɠ- ɞɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ C# ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɤɨɞ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ (ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡ-
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ɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ Visual Studio.NET ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ C# ɚɜ- ɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ – ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟ- ɧɢɟɦ cs).
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞ Main. ȼ ɹɡɵɤɟ C# ɧɟɬ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɋ++, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɨɞ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤɥɚɫ- ɫɚ. ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɞ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɦɟɧ, ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ɍɨɱɤɨɣ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ C# ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ Main. ɗɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɡ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɬɢɩɚ string – ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɫɬɪɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɋ ɩɪɢɥɨ- ɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ C#-ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɢɦɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɞ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɮɢɝɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɨɤ:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
}
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ static ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɬɨɞ Main ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɹɪɚ ɨɛɴɟɤ- ɬɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ, ɧɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚ- ɳɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ void. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɦɟɬɨɞ Main ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɚ int.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1. ȼɵɜɨɞ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶ.
static void Main()
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{
Console.WriteLine(" !\n \" \"!!!");
}
Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɦɟɧɸ Debug\Start Without Debugging. ɇɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɪɨɝ- ɪɚɦɦɵ: Press any key to continue, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ɗɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɫɪɚ- ɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ «ɨɫ- ɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ» ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɫɤɨɥɶ ɭɝɨɞɧɨ ɞɨɥ- ɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ Debug\Start Debugging, ɧɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɢɫɤɨɦɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɨɣɬɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ Console.Read();
Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ
ɗɬɨ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɟɥɢ- ɱɢɧɵ.
ɐɟɥɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ int. ɗɬɨ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɭɥɟɦ -12, 5, 0 (ɜɫɟ ɰɟɥɵɟ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ 32 ɛɢɬɚ). ɂɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚ-
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ɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ -12L ɞɥɢɧɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ 64 ɛɢɬɚ), 5u ɰɟɥɨɟ ɛɟɡ ɡɧɚɤɚ 8 ɛɢɬ)
ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚ-
ɩɢɫɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɬɢɩɚ float(32 ɛɢɬɚ) ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɟɦ ɲɟɥ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ f ɢɥɢ F 1.2, -1.234, ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɤɨɧɫ- ɬɚɧɬɵ ɬɢɩɚ double (64 ɛɢɬɚ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫ «d» ɢɥɢ «D», ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ: 1234.5678, 12.3d. Ⱦɪɨɛɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ.
ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɬɢɩɚ float(32 ɛɢɬɚ) ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɲɟɥ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ f ɢɥɢ F: 1.2E-3f ɱɢɫɥɨ 0.0012), ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɢ- ɫɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɬɢɩɚ double (64 ɛɢɬɚ) -1.34E5 ɱɢɫɥɨ -134000) ɧɚ- ɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ.
ɋɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ. |
ɋɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ char ɦɨɠɟɬ |
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɨɛɨɣ 16-ɛɢɬɧɵɣ |
ɫɢɦɜɨɥ Unicode (‘a’) ɢɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜ- |
ɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ (ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɤɚɪɟɬɤɢ (‘\r’), ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ (‘\f’), ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɚɛɭɥɹɰɢɸ (‘\t’), ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ), ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɚɩɨ- ɫɬɪɨɮɵ.
ɋɬɪɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɢ, ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ string. ɋɬɪɨɤɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ
ɢɡ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ |
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Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ true |
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ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ. |
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ɂɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɦɟ- |
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ɫɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢɯ ɢɦɟɧɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢ-
ɦɟɪ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ
26
const float p = 3.14159f
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ – ɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧ- ɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟ- ɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ. ȼɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɹɜɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɢɩ. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.
ɂɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɛɭɤɜɵ, ɰɢɮɪɵ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɩɨɞ- ɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɩɢɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ Long, LONG, long – ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ.
ɂɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɩɨɞ- ɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɰɢɮɪɵ. ɂɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ. ɇɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɢɦɹ ɫ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɞ- ɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɣ (ɬɚɤɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɡɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ).
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ: MaxLen, iMaxLen, Max_Len ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ: 2Len, Le# ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ:
int a = -14; |
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float c = -0.00151f; |
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ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ – ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ (ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɚɦɢ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶ- ɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ), ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɨɤ.
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1. / 2 – 3 ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
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ɉɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɫ- ɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ (ɡɧɚɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.2):
y = 2*x*x + 3*x – 1.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɱɚɫ-
ɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ « = », |
ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
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ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ y. Ⱦɥɹ |
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ |
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ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ: |
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string kaf = “ |
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ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɫ- |
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ɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ, |
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ “ |
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”, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ kaf. |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.2 Ɂɧɚɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ |
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Ɂɧɚɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ |
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ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ |
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ɋɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ |
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ȼɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ |
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ɍɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ |
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28
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɵɟ ɱɢɫ- ɥɚ, ɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ, ɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɫɬɚ- ɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɛɪɨɲɟɧ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ %, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 10 % 3 ɜɨɡ- ɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 1.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ, ɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ 10f / 3f ɛɭɞɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ
3,333333.
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɋ# ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ Math ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɟɧ
System.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧ- ɤɰɢɣ, ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫ- ɬɟɦɟ VS ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɢɩɵ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɬ. ɤ. ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ.
Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ, ɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟ- ɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ Math.Abs(), ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɢɦɟɟɬ 7 ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ: double Math.Abs
(double x), float Math.Abs (float x), int Math.Abs(int x), ɢ ɬ. ɞ. (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.3)
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.3 Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ |
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Math.Abs( |
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Math.Ceiling( |
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Math.Floor( |
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Math.Log( |
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Math.Log10( |
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Math.Max( |
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Math.Min( |
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Math.PI |
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Math.Pow( |
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Math.Round( |
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Math.Round( |
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Math.Sign( |
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Math.Sin( |
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Math.Sqrt( |
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17. |
Math. an( |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y cos X ɩɪɢ x = 2,5
1 X2
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Linq; using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{ |
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class Example2 |
// |
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// |
Example2 |
{ |
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static void Main()
{
double p = 3.14159; double x = 2.5;
double y = Math.Cos(p * x)/(1 + x*x); Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine(" x = {0} \t y = {1} ", x, y);
}
}
}
ɗɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ:
Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ Console.WriteLine() ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɷɤ- ɪɚɧ ɩɭɫɬɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ. ɗɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
31