Экзамен зачет учебный год 2023 / Koziol_BasicQuestions_Germanic

claims to have things one owns

  7/13 FN 32;

  1/5; 2/3, 80 f; 3/15

compensation of the damage  ............

see also damages

8/2, 9, 24, 29

  1/25; 2/52; 3/13; 5/38; 8/2 f

  3/13, 27; 8/3 ff, 8

  2/57, 59; 8/18 ff

■■ minimum compensation   3/8; 8/3, 8, 10

damages, non-pecuniary

■■ pecuniary damages, see

  8/18 ff, 22 f

■■ proportionality to the grounds

  6/101, 164; 7/43;

4/18 ff; 6/14; 9/3

computer, see technical equipment

» conditio sine qua non «, see causation

contractual breach and tort  ......

  1/20; 4/1 ff;

■■ agreements to make donations   4/9, 27

■■ breach of duty of care  .................

  4/4, 9 f, 12, 14, 30

■■ » culpa in contrahendo «  ....

  4/3, 11 f, 27;

■■ deed done out of courtesy 

  4/11

■■ duty to take action  ....................

  4/7, 14 f

■■ economic interests, pure  ...........

  4/5, 7,

■■ expert, court-appointed 

  4/13

■■ fault  ..................................................

  4/25

■■ initiation of business contact 

.......  4/15

■■ initiation of social contact 

  4/7

■■ insolvency administrator  ...........

  4/13 f

■■ liability for auxiliaries  ........

■■ limitation of liability 

  4/26 f

■■ minimal protection  .......................

  4/22

■■ » mora creditoris «  ..............................

  4/26

■■ neighbourhood relationships 

......   4/16

■■ non-cumul principle  ......................

  4/18

■■ notion of reliance  ..........

  4/6 f; 6/55, 66,

■■ opening of facilities to the public  4/7, 15 f

■■ other than by delay or supervening

impossibility  ......

■■ prescription  ..................................

  4/29 f

■■ prospectus liability  .........................

  4/12

■■ protective purpose in favour

of third parties 

................

  4/14; 6/48, 54

contributory responsibility of

the victim  ........

■■ alternative causation  .....

  5/87, 89; 6/214

■■ apportionment of damage 

  6/204 f,

■■ auxiliaries 

209, 212 f; 7/30

  6/221 ff

■■ breach of a duty of care

for oneself  ............................

■■ » casum sentit dominus «  

■■ deceased victim  

214 f

  6/220

■■ deterrence  .....................................

  6/204

■■ differentiation theory 

  6/208 f, 211, 213

■■ equal treatment theory  ...........

  6/205 ff,

■■ increased danger  .........................

  6/219

■■ mediatory approach  ..................

  6/210 f

■■ responsibility principle  ..............

  6/204

■■ wrongfulness  ...............................

  6/216 f

co-ownership  ..................................

creditor’s avoidance  .......................

  2/2, 47 ff

  1/11, 22 f; 2/2, 13, 51, 55, 58 f,

61 f, 78, 84 ff, 93; 3/13, 20; 6/44; 7/3, 27; 9/15

  1/31

  8/6

D

  5/1 ff

  1/27; 5/8 f ff, 87,

89 ff, 106, 118; 6/11, 204 f, 209, 211 ff,

214 f, 218, 227; 7/30 f, 33; 8/9

  3/7; 4/5; 5/32 ff; 6/174

■■ calculation, see damage calculation

  5/95;

see also chance, loss of

■■ » damnum emergens «

  3/13; 5/37 f, 99;

6/80, 183; 8/2, 9, 13

  5/2

......................   5/7 f

  6/186;

see also environment

suffering

■■ general interest  ............................

■■ legal definition  .................................

■■ » lucrum cessans « or lost profit  ...

■■ natural definition  ............................

5/6, 35, 54, 99 f, 103, 119; 6/84, 89 f;

  1/8; 8/12 f, 16 f;

see also compensation of the damage

■■ lump-sum award  .........................

  8/18 ff

  2/50, 58, 76; 3/21;

5/9 ff, 15 f, 18 ff, 27, 36; 6/21, 26;

8/3, 12, 14 ff, 22 f

  2/58, 76; 5/8 f, 23 ff,

34 ff, 46 f; 8/13, 16 f; 6/29 ff

  8/18 ff

  1/17, 21, 28; 2/10, 49, 88;

3/1; 5/91; 6/40, 67, 139 ff, 143 ff, 151 ff,

148 ff, 168, 174 ff, 219; 7/8, 42 ff

  6/78, 126, 130, 162,

202; 7/16

  6/139, 141, 150

  6/90, 125, 130, 132 ff, 143,

149, 181, 197 f, 202 f

  6/125, 134, 143, 197, 202

  5/91; 6/40, 66, 83, 131,

146, 150, 197; 7/14

  2/10, 88, 181 f

  6/123, 134 f, 149, 221 f

■■ special or concrete  ...............

  1/3, 27, 88;

  2/51, 78, 84; 3/11, 22; 5/49,

86, 88, 93, 114, 117; 6/61, 71, 220; 7/39

  1/12, 72; 6/23, 33 f, 36;

see also product liability, threshold

deed done out of courtesy  

defectiveness of things  ....................

  6/11, 90, 129 ff, 197

■■ motor vehicles 

  2/70; 6/129, 134 f

  6/23, 129, 135, 143,

  6/129, 133, 135

defensive rights or claims  .......

6/9 f, 13 f, 29, 161

» de minimis « threshold  .......

  1/24; 6/18 ff, 37

■■ breach of duty of care 

  6/21, 24 f,

26 ff, 36

  6/29 ff

■■ product liability 

36; 8/3, 8

  6/34

■■ social adequacy  ........................

  6/22, 24

■■ standard of care  .............................

  6/30

to another   ..............

5/4, 116 ff, 122; 6/172; 8/13 f

deterrence  ......

  1/7, 11, 22 f; 2/1 f, 7, 11, 15, 17,

22 f, 37, 43, 51 ff, 55 f, 58 ff, 60 ff, 64 ff, 70 ff,

83 f, 89; 3/1, 4 ff,

disaster victims 

discretion  ....................

disgorgement  ...

property  .....................

duty to undertake action to avert

the danger   ..................

■■ close relationship 

to the public  ...................................

■■ source of danger  ............................

E

■■ deterrence  ............

■■ duties of care  .................

■■ ex post  .........................................

  3/17

  3/18

  3/27

  3/20 f

  3/25 f

  3/17

■■ optimisation  ..................................

  3/5 ff

■■ pecuniary damage  ..........................

  3/23

■■ theory of legislation 

.......................

  3/17

economic effects  ....................................

  3/15;

see also economic analysis of law

economic loss, pure  .......

14 f, 29; 5/98; 6/8, 40, 47 ff, 200; 7/21; 8/13

  6/62 ff

  6/57; 7/21

■■ contract  ........................

■■ definition  ........................................

  6/47

■■ dependant entitled to maintenance

payments  .......................................

  6/61

■■ intentional injury  ...................

  6/58, 183

  6/49 ff

■■ prescription  ..............................

  9/26, 30

■■ protection  ....................................

  6/47 ff

■■ shifting of damage  ........................

  6/60

  6/54 ff

» Eingriffskondiktion «, see claims for

unjust enrichment

either-or solutions  ............................

  1/26, 31

employee liability  ........

enterprise liability  .............

■■ auxiliaries  ...............................

■■ defectiveness  .................................

the damage  ............................

■■ insurability  ...................................

■■ misconduct  ...................................

■■ safety duty  .....................................

environment  ....................................

  6/55, 66, 72

■■ objective standard of fault 

  2/61; 6/89,

93 f, 133, 198 FN369

factual elements of the offence 

9 f, 12, 16, 22 f, 29, 59, 87 f, 92;

4/18, 21; 6/7, 9, 13, 36 f, 42 ff,

75, 118, 132, 164; 7/11

  1/19; 2/4, 6 f, 12, 54, 61, 88; 6/1 ff,

5, 8, 10, 12 f, 43, 73 ff, 102 ff, 115 ff, 126,

.........  4/4, 15, 30; 6/184,

■■ capacity to be at fault  

186, 190, 198

  6/76 f, 91;

see also capacity to commit delicts

■■ concept of guarantee  .....

  2/49; 4/10 f, 26; 6/87

  1/25; 5/92, 111; 6/96, 114,

204, 206, 208, 211, 216 ff, 220; 7/30, 41

■■ dangerous things  .......

2/52; 3/13; 4/26 f; 5/15 f,

26, 28, 31, 38, 51 f, 73, 88; 6/78,

80, 133, 173, 207, 218; 7/11, 13, 20, 43;

  6/5, 10, 92

■■ extraordinarily good abilities 

■■ grounds for liability  ..........

  1/25; 2/4, 6;

■■ objective evaluation  .

4/10, 25; 6/5, 10 ff, 43, 85, 87 ff,

■■ subjective evaluation  ....

25; 6/5, 10 ff, 76, 81 ff, 92 f,

140, 164, 173, 182, 224; 8/5

■■ third party  .............................

  2/74; 6/153

■■ unjust enrichment  ....................

  2/27, 39

■■ wrongfulness  ..............

  6/1 ff, 75, 94, 219

fault-based liability  ...........

  1/17, 21; 2/29, 52;

flexible system  ...............

frustrated costs  ........................

  1/19; 2/3, 25,

» Gläubigerverzug «, see » mora creditoris «

6/139 ff, 148, 156

  6/11, 164 f, 195; 7/42

■■ gravity of  

  1/25; 2/1, 4, 6 ff, 24, 89; 3/13;

5/19, 79; 6/22, 25, 80, 95, 117 f, 121 f, 131,

137, 187, 207, 219; 7/12, 37; 8/2, 8 f, 25 f

■■ insurability  .........................

■■ interplay  ..........................

■■ permitted interference  .............

  6/161 ff

■■ state of being insured  ..............

  6/176 ff

■■ wrongfulness  ......................

guarantee liability  ...................

insolvency administrator  ......................

  4/13

insurability  .........

  6/174 ff, 182, 177, 194; 7/44

insurance-based solution  ..........

1/8 ff; 3/15

■■ advantages  ............................

  1/10 f, 12 ff

■■ compensation, full  .........................

  1/12

■■ disadvantages  ..................................

  1/11

■■ economic advantages  .....................

  1/16

■■ medical treatment  ......................

  1/9, 13

■■ occupational injury  .........................

  1/9

■■ recourse  ............................................

  1/13

■■ road traffic accidents  ....................

  1/9

insurance contracts  .....

■■ bonus-malus system  ..............

  2/72; 3/7

■■ compensatory function  .............

  2/70 ff

■■ competition with damage

compensation  ................................

  2/69

■■ deductibles  .....................................

  2/72

■■ notion of deterrence  ..................

  2/70 ff

■■ planning certainty theory  ............

  2/68

■■ reasonableness  ...............................

  2/73

■■ risk community  .............................

  2/68

■■ third party liability insurance    2/70 ff,

75, 97; 3/7; 5/29; 6/100 f, 174 ff,

intellectual property  ...............

interests

■■ protected  ....

  1/24; 2/2 ff; 5/3; 6/7 ff, 14 ff;

see also absolute rights and interests

■■ pure economic  .............

14 f, 29; 6/40 f, 47 ff, 183; 7/21; 9/30

■■ pure immaterial  .............................

  1/24

■■ scope of protection  .....................

  6/14 ff

■■ weighing up of 

................   1/3, 29; 2/13 f;

6/14, 17; 9/3

interim areas  .............

  1 /18 ff; 2/33 ff, 45 f, 53,

96, 98; 4/1 ff; 6/54 ff;

see also law of damages,

dualor multi-lane nature

■■ contractual breach and tort 

4 /1 ff; 6/54 ff, 107 ff;

see also contractual breach and tort

■■ fault-based liability and liability

based on dangerousness  ........

6/184, 188 ff;

see also fault-based liability

and strict liability

■■ reparative injunctions and

claims for compensation  ...........

see also reparative injunctions

■■ unjust enrichment and the law

of damages  .................

  1/17 f; 2/33 ff; 5/1

interruption of the causal chain  .......

intervening wilful act by a

third party  ..........................

  6/110; 7/35 ff

  5/73, 76 ff,

■■ commutative  ............

  1/3; 3/16, 27; 5/63;

■■ distributive 

6/105, 167, 193

  1/3

justification, bilateral  ......

  1/23; 2/42, 59, 62,

82, 92; 3/5, 13, 27; 5/5, 53

■■ person comparatively more

entitled  ............................................

  2/42

L

lawful alternative conduct  .....

  5/125 f; 7/22 ff

■■ action  ...............................................

  7/24

  7/26, 31

  7/26 ff

  7/25, 29, 32

  7/34 ff

■■ objective assessment of damage 

  7/30 f, 33

..................................

■■ protective purpose of the rule  ....

■■ right to self-determination  .

■■ subjective assessment of damage  7/30

■■ superseding or supervening

  2/49 ff

■■ dualor multi-lane nature  ............

■■ extra-contractual  1/4; 6/18, 115, 132, 200

■■ function within the overall

......................................

■■ uniform concept of liability 

  2/26; 2/30,

34 ff, 40 ff, 45 ff, 53 f, 56, 59, 82, 96;

5/4 f, 21 f, 62, 68, 70, 105, 109, 111;

92 ff; 3/16, 37; 5/1, 4, 92; 6/1; 7/32; 9/2

  1/7, 23;

2/1 ff, 11, 49, 53, 62, 86 ff, 91 f, 98; 5/70

  5/67; 6/161 ff

■■ distinction liability based on

  2/49; 6/161 ff

liability, limitations of  .........................

■■ equivalence theory  ..........................

■■ interruption of the causal chain   7/6

■■ intervening wilful act by a

■■ protective purpose of the rule 7/4, 15 ff;

see also protective, purpose of the rule

  1/3, 24, 29; 2/56; 4/5;

6/14, 17, 24, 29, 39, 41, 49 ff, 53, 64;

  1/1, 13; 6/24; 7/7 FN 19

limitations of liability  .....

38, 104, 121, 133, 142, 183; 7/1 ff, 33;

loss in commercial value  ......................

medical

■■ advice  ................................................

■■ consent  .............................................

■■ expenses  .................................

■■ malpractice 

........   1/13; 5/50 f, 75, 86, 88,

92 f, 95, 97 f, 101; 7/22, 33, 37

■■ treatment  ......................

  1/9, 13; 7/26, 39

6 ff, 42 ff, 73 ff, 91, 95 ff, 105 ff, 133, 154,

182 ff, 188 ff, 192, 197 ff, 202, 208, 227; 7/8

misinformation, see advice, false

» mora creditoris «  ...................................

  2/54; 5/70

  1/24; 2/19;

4/16; 6/19, 22, 29 f, 32, 36, 161

  2/3 f; 5/5

  1/9; 2/10, 16,

non-pecuniary damage 

...........   2 /54, 76; 3/3;

5 /8 ff; 6/21, 173

  3 /21; 5 /11 f, 25, 27,

31, 33; 6/173

■■ commercialisation 

...........   5 /13, 24 f, 27

■■ contractual breach 

........................   5/28

  5/16, 18

■■ determination of  .......................

  5/11, 15

  5/8 f, 23 ff

■■ emotional distress

■■ loss of convenience  ............

■■ restitution in kind  .......

  5/5, 20, 23; 8/14

■■ sexual self-determination 

■■ special affection  .............................

■■ subjectivity  ......................................

■■ threshold of

significance  ....................

  6/26 ff, 32; 8/3

■■ travel contracts  ...............................

■■ violation of personality

rights, grave  ........................

notion of compensation  ...........

■■ criticism  ............................................

■■ » de minimis « threshold, see

thereunder

■■ fault-based liability  ..........................

■■ liability based on dangerousness 

■■ punitive damages, see thereunder

omissions  ..............

■■ causation 

■■ unlawfulness  ................................

opening facilities to

the public  .........................

» ordre public «  .........................................

25; 5/29; 6/31, 36, 53, 87 ff, 106, 108 f, 112

prescription  ...........................................

  9/1 ff

■■ basic values  .........................

■■ burden of proof  .....................

■■ burden on uninvolved parties 

.......   9/8

■■ commencement  ............

  9/16 ff, 21 ff, 27

■■ committing the act  ..............

■■ contract  .......................................

  9/8, 12

■■ dispossession  ...................................

  9/1

■■ evidentiary difficulties  

■■ laches  .................................................

  9/9

■■ legal ethics  .................................

  6/8; 9/2

■■ not acting in good time 

  9/12, 21 f, 28 f

■■ option of exercising

a right  .............................

  9/10, 17, 21, 27

■■ periods  ..................................

■■ pure economic loss  .................

  9/26, 30

  9/26, 30

■■ renunciation  ...............................

  9/9, 21

■■ security interests  ...........................

  9/23

■■ surprising suits  .............................

  9/5 ff

■■ ultimo-prescription  .......................

  9/14

■■ unfounded claims  .............

■■ unjust enrichment  .....................

  9/8, 12

■■ victim’s worthiness

of protection  .............................

  9/23, 30

preventive injunctions  .............

  1/7; 2/4, 7 ff,

17, 87; 6/9 f, 13 f, 29, 36 f

■■ accountability  ..................................

■■ associational claim  .........................

■■ indirect threat  ................................

■■ patent-holder  ..................................

■■ violation of a duty  ..........................

principal’s liability

  2/49; 6/100, 167 ff

for the risk  ................

product liability  .....

135, 143, 174, 179, 181, 201 ff; 8/3, 8;

see also

defectiveness of things, products

■■ anomalies  .....................................

■■ belonging to someone’s sphere 

■■ dangerousness posed by a defect

■■ industrial mass production 

■■ notion of solidarity  ................

  6/135, 181

■■ risk community  ...........................

■■ threshold  .......

■■ uninvolved third parties  ......

  6/181, 203

profit realisation  ......................

■■ abstract possibility   3/23; 6/41, 71, 166 ff

■■ advantage and risk  ....  6/139, 166 f, 169 f

■■ concrete  .......................................

  6/171 ff

■■ influence on the liability  .............

■■ principal’s liability for risk  .....

  6/167 ff

■■ strict liability 

prospectus liability 

............   4/12; 6/48, 55, 67

protection of goods, the system for 

  2/1 ff,

84, 90 ff; 6/9; 7/10;

see also

instruments for protecting rights

protective

■■ adequacy  ........................................

  7/15 f

■■ alternative conduct, lawful, see

lawful alternative conduct

■■ consequential damage  ...................

  1/7; 2/9, 85; 4/29; 5/5/ 6/16, 42 f,

48, 78, 93, 190, 206; 7/10, 21

■■ purpose of the rule   .............

5/22, 56, 122, 125 f; 6/48, 78, 80;

■■ relativity of wrongfulness  ..............

  2/34; 4/14 f, 23; 5/51; 6/14 f,

17, 36, 38, 44, 56, 183; 7/15, 18, 20 f

■■ scope of protection  ................

■■ teleological interpretation  ......

5/5, 7; 6/17, 98 f, 188; 7/40; 9/1, 3

■■ associational claim  ........................

■■ certainty requirement  ..............

■■ majority of victims  .........................

■■ notion of compensation  ......

■■ » nulla poena sine lege « 

■■ procedural principles  .....................

4/5; 6/35, 41, 45 f, 174; 7/2, 21

■■ capacity to commit delicts  ...........

■■ constitutional principle of

■■ efforts towards proportionality     8/25

■■ financial circumstances  ...............

■■ insolvency law  ................................

■■ minimum subsistence level 

..............

■■ unjust enrichment  .........................

» rei vindication «   .............................

rented car  .......................................

reparative injunctions  ........

15 ff, 24, 53, 60, 88, 95; 5/4; 6/9, 13

■■ accountability  ................................

■■ breach of a duty  .............................

■■ costs  ................................................

■■ duty to tolerate  ..............................

■■ fulfilment of the factual elements

of the offence  ...............

.............

■■ liability based on

dangerousness  ..........................

injunction  ..................................

■■ relationship to restitution

in kind  ..................................

  2/19, 88, 95

■■ taking action  ...................................

■■ without precondition  ..............

restitution in kind  ..............

5/33; 8/11 ff, 15

■■ non-pecuniary damage  5/5, 20; 8/12, 14

risk community  ..................

27 f, 207, 212, 209; 7/12, 20, 43

S

satisfaction, notion of 

......   3/3; 6/21; 8/15, 17

» Schenkungsverträge «, see agreements to

donate something

scope of protection  ......

  2/34; 4/14 f, 23; 5/51;

6/14, 17, 36, 38, 44, 56, 183; 7/15, 18 ff

securing livelihood  ...........

  1/5, 15; 2/74, 76 f,

94; 8/26 f

self-defence  .....................

  2/4, 12 ff; 6/9 f, 13 f,

  2/12; 6/9

■■ weighing up of interests 

2/5, 49, 68, 96; 6/60, 209, 217

  1/5, 2/74 ff, 94

■■ non-pecuniary damage  .................

■■ äußere, see care, exterior

■■ innere, see care, interior

state of being insured  .............

  2/74; 6/176 ff

■■ equity-based liability  ..................

■■ separation theory  .......................

5/15; 6/2, 36, 79, 83, 90, 117, 12,

  6/125, 146

  5/62 f, 72

■■ deterrent function    2/51; 3/6; 6/140; 7/8

■■ economic analysis of law  ............

■■ fundamental principle  .................

  6/147, 157

  6/141, 191

■■ grounds for exculpation 

■■ liability for interference, see

thereunder, distinction from

■■ notion of compensation 

■■ protective purpose of the rule 

■■ relationship to fault-based liability, see

fault-based liability and also,

structural principle(s)

■■ of bilateral justification 

  2/82, 92; 3/13;

■■ of private law  ...................

■■ of public law  ...................................

  2/92

superseding or supervening

causation  ................

■■ difference method 

7/14, 23 f, 29

  5/114

■■ joint and several liability  ......

  5/115, 119

■■ lawful alternative conduct  .......

  5/125 ff;

■■ necessary condition 

7/23, 29

  5/113

■■ objective calculation  ....................

  5/120

■■ problem with  .................................

  5/126

■■ real causation  ..............................

  5/114 f

the offence

technical equipment  .........

terrorism  .......................................

theory of wrongfulness

of the conduct   ..............

third lane  ..................................................

vicarious liability   ...........................

  2/49, 88;

4/4, 8 f, 13 ff, 19; 5/62; 6/95 ff, 118, 133, 199

■■ auxiliaries’ own liability  ...........

  6/100 f