Index

Achille Lauro 84

Act of State doctrine 174, 177, 180–4 Antarctic Treaty 14, 41, 65, 121–3, 128,

133, 135–7

Antarctica 23, 54, 117, 256; continental shelf 118; exclusive economic zone 118; ice-covered waters 125; sub-Antarctic 118; tourist vessels 118; tourists 117; see also Southern Ocean

ANZAC 2, 146

ANZUS 2, 5, 61, 147, 242, 255 Arabian Gulf 172, 174, 184 Arafura Sea 9, 11, 17 Archipelagic sea lanes 15, 28 Argentina 129, 130

ASEAN–Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) 1

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 140–1, 229

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) 10, 141–4, 235, 244; Regional Forum 48–9, 142–3

Asylum seekers 23, 25

Australia 91, 129, 130, 139, 142; Asia relations 147–8; Border Protection Command 43, 46–53, 161, 165, 167, 214, 215, 224; Coastwatch 47; common law 179; Constitution 39; continental shelf 37, 38; Cooperative Data Centre 231; counterterrorism 48–9; Defence White Paper 147, 216; exclusive economic zone 37, 38, 118, 160, 195, 213, 255; fisheries zone 38; Howard Government 41–3, 79–80, 92, 158; maritime domain 37, 53; maritime domain awareness 213–9; Maritime Identification Zone 42; maritime security 16–19, 38–39, 184; Oceans Policy 158–61, 168, 170–1; Operation

Relex 16, 41, 53; piracy 9; Platforms, pipelines and cables 192–200; prerogative power 176–8; Proliferation Security Initiative 42, 233; Regional Counterterrorism Strategy 107; Rudd Government 46, 52; Tampa incident 16, 41, 53, 252; whaling sanctuary 45–6; see also Antarctica, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Australian Navy

Australian Antarctic Territory 37, 45 Australian Customs Services 92, 215 Australian Defence Force 18, 42, 48–50,

103, 223

Australian Federal Police 52, 216 Australian Fisheries Management

Authority 47, 214, 215

Australian Maritime Identification System 43–4, 213, 214–5, 217, 219, 225

Australian Maritime Safety Authority 214, 216–7, 219

Australian Ship Reporting System (AUSREP) 217

Bali bombings 16

Bali process, see People smuggling

Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal 34–5

Bass Strait 9, 18, 194, 195 Beckman, R. 89–90

Border Protection Command, see Australia Bradford, J.E. 235–6

Buky, M. 91

Chile 54, 129, 130, 131

China 15, 17, 38, 108–9, 116, 139, 142,

149, 150, 235, 250

Christmas Island 37, 252

Churchill, R. 162

274 Index

Climate change 77, 100, 253–5; sea-level rise 100, 253

Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf 27, 40, 55 Container Security Initiative 85–6

Contiguous zone 26

Continental shelf 26, 28, 37, 192, 248 Convention for the Conservation of

Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) 60, 65, 119, 122, 128, 135, 237, 238, 239–40

Convention for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) 237, 239–40

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (1988 SUA Convention) 23, 32, 40, 64, 93, 145, 189, 197, 225, 227–9; Amendments 84–5, 89; 1988 Protocol 23, 64, 189, 193; 2005 Protocol 32, 40, 51, 64, 145, 189, 201, 225, 227–9

Convention on Biological Diversity 133 Cook Islands 102, 103, 166, 219 Cook, J. 167, 169

Cook Strait 9

Creeping jurisdiction 24

Crime, transnational 94, 107, 143, 247–8

Cruise ships 99

Drug trafficking, see Illicit trafficking

East Asia 214

East Asia Summit 142

East Timor 4, 5, 16, 40, 43, 197, 242 Environmental security 23, 28, 77,

99–100, 255–7 Evans, G. 1

Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) 20, 24, 26, 27, 28, 34, 37, 72, 97, 103, 120, 135, 156, 166, 187–8, 191–2, 226, 227, 232, 239, 244

Exxon Valdez 59

Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) 103, 104, 108

Fiji 19

Fisheries management, see IUU fishing Fishing vessels 99

Five Power Defence Arrangements 2, 148–9

Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) 98, 105–6, 237

France 13, 34, 108, 116, 118, 156, 176, 179, 222, 255

Golden Princess 117 Grant, B. 1

Great Barrier Reef 18, 135, 217, 254, 255 Great Britain, see United Kingdom Grotius, H. 24

Gulf of Aden 243 Gulf War 31

Haines, F. 78

Harvey, F. 87 Hawkes, K.G. 6

Heard and McDonald Islands 37 High seas 30, 31

HMNZS Canterbury 70–1 Hoff, J. 87

Holmes, F. 163

Hot pursuit 30, 66–7

Illegal fishing, see Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing

Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing 7, 14, 77, 94, 98, 234, 237–40, 257; Pacific Ocean 105–6; Southern Ocean 23, 118, 119, 250–1, 257

Illicit trafficking; and arms 7, 144, 247; narcotic drugs 7, 25, 99, 143, 247

India 52, 148, 151, 152, 156, 235

Indian Ocean 8, 11, 17, 22, 152, 214, 243, 246, 252, 258

Indonesia 15, 38, 41, 43, 92, 139, 150, 152, 242, 244, 249

Innocent passage 27, 172, 226 Interdiction 31

INTERFET 4, 16

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 206

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) 36, 121–2, 125, 132

International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue 121, 130, 136, 252

International Labour Organization (ILO) 93

International Law Commission 191 International Maritime Organization

(IMO) 6, 16, 32–3, 36, 40, 44, 49, 60, 80, 84, 93, 120, 124, 126, 131, 135, 139–40, 145, 195, 206, 207, 228, 232–3, 241, 243, 256; Marine Environmental Protection Committee 132, 135; Maritime Safety Committee 145, 230

International Seabed Authority 188 International security 76

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) 29

ISPS Code 58, 82–3, 89, 90, 100, 187, 196, 227, 229–30

Italy 42

Japan 38, 42, 52, 108, 116, 139, 142, 147, 148, 149, 150–1, 152, 156, 235; whaling 14, 45–6, 53, 60, 118; see also Nisshin Maru

Kiribati 97, 100

Koh, T.B. 26, 27

Langewiesche, W. 90

Law of naval constabulary 184 Law of naval warfare 184

Law of the Sea; and conferences 25, 26, 40, 64, 155; creeping jurisdiction 248–51; Geneva Conventions 191, 244

Liability 178–9 Lombok Agreement 41

Long range information and tracking (LRIT) 33, 73, 202, 207, 210–1, 213, 217–8, 220–1, 230–3

Lowe, V. 162

Macquarie Island 37

Malaysia 2, 139, 147, 148, 150, 152 Marine environment; and damage 7; pollution 25, 94; security 33–6 Maritime domain awareness 73, 167, 222–3, 259; and definition 202–7;

information sources 207–13 Maritime Labour Convention 83–4 Maritime New Zealand 72, 220, 221 Maritime safety 101

Maritime security 22, 241, 259; definition 5–9, 157–8; jurisdiction 30; law of the sea 27–29; legal and policy dimensions 9–10, Oceans Policy 167–8

Marshall Islands 104, 108 Mediterranean Sea 8 Muldoon, R. 161 Murphy, M. 79

Navigation, freedom of 25, 38, 172, safety of 251–3

New Caledonia 19, 108

New Zealand 43, 129, 130, 139, 142: biodiversity protection 60; common law 179; continental shelf 54, 64, 197; defence policy 5, 146; exclusive

Index 275

economic zone (EEZ) 19, 55, 64, 68, 71, 74, 156–7, 161–2, 165, 224, 255; fisheries 56, 57, 66–7, 74, 254; gross domestic product (GDP) 19; hot pursuit 66–7; hydrocarbon industry 56; illegal fishing 54; internal waters 62; marine pollution 54, 59; maritime domain awareness 219–221; Maritime Patrol Review 68, 74, 146, 163, 224; maritime security 19–20, 67–74, 184; maritime zones 54, 55, 68, 74; nuclear policy 61–2, 255; Oceans Policy 63, 74, 75, 161–6, 170–1, 257; piracy 9; platforms, pipelines and cables 192–200; prerogative power 176–8; Project Projector 70–1, 103, 163; Proliferation Security Initiative 233; search and rescue 221; shipping 58; transnational crime 59; US relations 80; see also Antarctica; Maritime New Zealand; Rainbow Warrior; Royal New Zealand Air Force; Royal New Zealand Navy

New Zealand Customs 58, 70, 72, 92, 220 New Zealand Defence Force 56, 62–3, 65,

69, 71, 72, 105, 164, 220, 221 New Zealand National Maritime

Coordination Centre (NMCC) 69–70, 72–3, 74, 165, 167, 220–1, 224

Nisshin Maru 120; see also Japan Niue 166, 219

Niue Treaty 104, 110, 114, 238 Norfolk Island 37

North Korea 31 Noumea 59

Nuclear Tests Cases 13, 255

Nuclear; and proliferation 224, 227–34; security 34; see also Proliferation Security Initiative

Ocean acidification 256 Ocean fertilization 255–6

Oceans Policy 155, 157, 158–68 Operation Atlanta 245

Pacific island countries (PICs) 94, 95, 109–11, 114, 115; exclusive economic zone 97; sovereignty 111

Pacific Islands forum 94, 107, 113, 157, 166, 169–70; capacity-building 112–3

Pacific Ocean 8, 22, 54; Maritime security 94; Western and Central Pacific 94

Pacific Patrol Boat Programme 101–4, 105, 114, 115, 116, 223

Palau 103, 104, 108

276 Index

Panama Canal 139, 220

Papua New Guinea 13, 17, 38, 40, 43, 44, 100

Pardo, A. 26

Particularly sensitive sea area (PSSA) 134–5

People smuggling 7, 94, 98, 149, 234, 236–7; and Bali Process 234, 237

Philippines 38, 147, 152, 249

Piracy 7, 9, 32, 97, 100, 144, 148, 154, 175, 235–6, 243–7; and armed robbery against ships 7, 32, 235–6; Somalia 32, 185, 243, 245, 247

Platania-Phung, C. 78 Platforms 187–9

Port security 14

Port states 120, 129, 231 Prerogative power 176–8

Prestige 59

Proliferation Security Initiative 42, 59, 62, 86–7, 89, 92, 153, 205, 233–4

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty 119, 121–2, 127–8, 131, 133, 135, 137

Rainbow Warrior 58, 62, 79, 91 RAMSI 4, 13, 175

Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP) 235, 244

Regional Maritime Coordination Centre 112, 115

Regional Maritime Programme (RMP) 106–7, 112

Regional Maritime Security Initiative, see United States Pacific Command

Resource security 28 Ross Dependency 69, 166 Ross Sea 60, 165

Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) 103–4, 216

Royal Australian Navy (RAN) 16, 47, 147, 172, 173, 174, 182

Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) 65, 104, 221

Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) 65, 68, 71, 163, 168, 172, 173, 174, 182, 224

Russia 147, 148

Search and rescue 101, 119, 130–1, 216–7, 251–4, 258

SEATO Treaty 2

Securitization 77

Selden, J. 24

Ship automatic identification system 202, 207, 208–10, 217–8, 220; and satellite-based 211–3

Singapore 2, 15, 139, 147, 148, 150, 152, 154

Sirius Star 243

SOLAS Convention 18, 33, 82–83, 91, 125, 126–30, 208, 210, 213, 219, 229, 230, 241; Polar Class ships 126–7, 225; see also ISPS Code

Solomon Islands 4, 13, 43, 176, 179 South Africa 129, 130

South China Sea 15, 148, 151, 152, 249 South East Asia 5, 14, 23, 138, 139, 150,

151, 246, 252

South Korea 108, 142, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 235

South Pacific 5, 11, 60, 68, 156, 219, 221, 222; and nuclear free zone 34; oceans policy 166–7

South Pacific Regional Environment

Programme (SPREP) 99–100 South Pacific Regional Fisheries

Management Organization 65

South West Pacific 5, 13, 23, 34, 213, 219, 223, 248, 249, 251–2, 255, 257, 258

Southern Ocean 8, 14, 20, 22, 23, 41, 45–6, 60–1, 68, 69, 71, 117–8, 120, 123–136, 179, 213, 219, 221, 222, 224, 250–8; see also Antarctica

Strait of Hormuz 139, 220 Straits of Gibraltar 139

Straits of Malacca and Singapore 14, 15, 58, 139, 149, 150, 153–4, 220, 235, 244

Straits, international 44, 225; pilotage regime 44–5

Submarine cables 186, 189–92 Suez Canal 139

Sutton, A. 78

Taiwan 109

Tasman Sea 9, 11, 20, 219 Temple Swing, J. 165

Territorial sea 24, 27, 120, 172, 191, 225, 248

Terrorism 97, 144; and counter-terrorism 224, 227–34; maritime 39, 100, 149; September 11, 2001 11, 18, 23, 31, 78, 80–1, 94, 100, 138, 208, 224, 227, 242; ships 7; war 76

Thailand 147, 152

Timor Leste, see East Timor

Timor Sea 9, 11, 17, 18, 39, 42, 222, 257

Tokelau 166, 219

Torres Strait 9; 44–5, 217, 219, 222, 251, 254, 255

Torres Strait Treaty 17, 175 Transit passage 28, 226 Treaty of Rarotonga 255 Tuvalu 100

United Kingdom 42, 61, 148, 156 United Nations Charter 28–29, 87, 173,

231

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) 6, 17, 22, 25, 26, 28, 34, 36, 40, 45, 61, 64, 66–7, 157, 161, 168, 172, 175, 187, 189, 190, 211, 225, 226, 244, 248, 249, 254; coastal states 15; dispute settlement 29; regime 11

United Nations General Assembly 8, 144

United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS) 8

United Nations Secretary-General 7, 31, 247, 253

United Nations Security Council 82, 87, 93, 95, 100, 172, 173, 174, 177, 183, 233, 245–6

Index 277

United States of America 10, 16, 38, 58, 100, 108, 116, 139, 149, 151, 202, 242, 247, 250; and Bush Administration 82, 88; Coast Guard 81, 90–1, 103, 202, 212; homeland security 88; maritime domain awareness 204–5, Maritime Strategy for Homeland Security 81; National Strategy for Maritime Security 81, 89, 203; Naval Operations Concept 5; Truman Proclamation 24

United States Pacific Command 139

USNS Impeccable 250 USS Cole 81, 91

Valencia, M. 15

Vance, J. 161, 166, 168

Vanuatu 101–2

Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) 102,

105–6, 122, 140, 215, 218, 221

Vietnam 152

Weapons of Mass Destruction 81, 86, 92 Western Pacific Naval Symposium 149 Whaling 118; see also Japan

Woolner, D. 50–1

World Customs Organization 206 World War I 2

World War II 2, 20, 38, 61, 82