Добавил:

neus500 Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.

Вуз:

Московский государственный юридический университет им. О.Е. Кутафина

Предмет:

Земельное право

Файл:

Экзамен зачет учебный год 2023 / Van Erp,Towards a Unified System of Land Burdens

.pdf

Скачиваний:

Добавлен:

21.12.2022

Размер:

1.82 Mб

Скачать

☆

1 / 201 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 > Следующая >>>

Towards a Unified System of Land

Burdens?

Editors:

Sjef van Erp

Bram

Akkermans

Towards a Unified System of Land

Burdens?

INTERSENTIA

Ius Commune Europaeum

Editors:

Sjef van Erp

Bram Akkermans

Towards a Unified System of Land Burdens?

ISBN-10: 90-5095-585-1

ISBN-13: 978-90-5095-585-0

D/2006/7849/45

NUR 822

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photo copy, microfilm or any other means, without written permission from the author.

PREFACE

On 20 May 2005 a one-day conference on land burdens was held at Maastricht University, under the auspices of the international research school Ius Commune. The term “land burdens” was chosen to give a generic description of duties, such as may arise from servitudes, burdening land, which are created by two parties and are binding upon third parties by force of law.

The aim of the conference was to compare the various approaches in civil and common law, especially the approach taken by the Restatement of the Law Third on Property (Servitudes), published by the American Law Institute in 2000. The general reporter of the Restatement, Prof. Susan French, was one of the key note speakers during this conference. Also developments in Scottish law were looked at with great interest. In Scotland, property law has gone through a period of fundamental changes. This also affected the law on land burdens. The Scottish developments were presented by Prof. Kenneth Reid, at that moment a member of the Scottish Law Commission. Other speakers provided information on German law (Prof. Manfred Wolf), Austrian law (Prof. Monika Hinteregger), Belgian and French law (Prof. Vincent Sagaert), English law (Bill Swadling) and Dutch law (dr. Lars van Vliet and Bram Akkermans). Next to these more legal positivist approaches, prof. Gideon Parchomovsky presented a paper on land burdens, written by him and dr. Abraham Bell, from a law and economics perspective.

With the financial assistance of the research school Ius Commune and the Maastricht faculty of law, the papers for the conference are now being published in this volume of the Ius Commune Europaeum series. Also, I would like to thank the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research for their financial support that made the conference possible.

Preface

For his enthousisatic and unrelenting support before and during the conference and his work as a co-editor I would like to thank mr. Bram Akkermans, junior researcher at Maastricht University. Finally, I would like to thank Yleen Simonis from the Maastricht Institute for Transnational Legal Research (METRO) for all her highly appreciated assistance before, during and after the conference as well as her editorial work.

Sjef van Erp

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface	....................................................................................................................................	v
Table of ...............................................................................................................Contents		vii
Sjef van Erp
Servitudes: .........................The Borderline Between Contract and (Virtual) Property		1
1. ......................................................................................................	Introduction	1
2. ................................................................................	Property and Cyberspace	3
3. ...................................................................................	Servitudes and Chattels	5

4.Towards a Concept of Property Burdens and Acceptance of the ex post

	Validity Approach?..........................................................................................	7
Manfred Wolf
Marketability contra Freedom of Parties in the Law of Land Burdens.......................		11
1.	Need for Harmonisation in Property Law..................................................	11
2.	Advantages and Disadvantages of Real Rights .........................................	12
3.	The Principle of Numerus Clausus under German Law ..........................	12
4.	The Servitudes ................................................................................................	13
4.1.	Land Servitude and Personal Servitude......................................................	14
4.2.	Different Purposes of Servitudes .................................................................	14
4.2.1.	Neighbourhood Servitudes...........................................................................	14
4.2.2.	Servitudes for Transmission Lines...............................................................	15
4.2.3.	Servitudes for Extracting Land (Bodenabbaurechte) ................................	15
4.2.4.	Servitudes Restricting Competition.............................................................	15
		vii

	Table of Contents
4.3.	Restrictions for Servitudes ............................................................................	17
4.3.1.	Specified Use and Use under Changed Circumstances ............................	17
4.3.2.	The Principle of Prediality ............................................................................	18
4.3.3.	Obligatory Relations Connected with the Servitude.................................	18
5.	The Reallast.....................................................................................................	19
Monika Hinteregger
Servitudes - The Austrian Concept..................................................................................		21
1.	Introduction ....................................................................................................	21
2.	Servitudes........................................................................................................	22
2.1.	Object ...............................................................................................................	22
2.2.	General Principles ..........................................................................................	22
2.3.	Types................................................................................................................	24
2.3.1.	Real Servitudes ...............................................................................................	24
2.3.2.	Personal Servitudes........................................................................................	25
2.3.3.	Irregular Servitudes .......................................................................................	26
2.4.	Protection of Servitudes ................................................................................	27
2.5.	Extinction ........................................................................................................	27
3.	Reallast.............................................................................................................	27
Vincent Sagaert
The fragmented system of land burdens in French and Belgian law..........................		31
1.	Introduction ....................................................................................................	31
2.	Overview of the Limited Property Rights in Real Estate..........................	32
2.1.	Servitudes........................................................................................................	32
2.2.	Long Lease ......................................................................................................	36
2.3.	Building Rights...............................................................................................	37
2.4.	Usufruct...........................................................................................................	39
2.5.	Other Rights with a Proprietary or Non-Proprietary Nature ..................	40
2.5.1.	The Numerus Clausus Principle ..................................................................	40
2.5.2.	Real Obligations and ‘Chain Clauses’ .........................................................	43
2.6.	Synthesis..........................................................................................................	45

3.Historical Background and Current Debate on the Content of Servitudes

in French and Belgian Law ..........................................................................

4.Do French and Belgian Law Allow the Release of Useless or Obsolete

	Servitudes?......................................................................................................	47
4.1.	French Law......................................................................................................	48
4.2.	Belgian Law.....................................................................................................	50
4.3.	Criticism from a Law and Economics Viewpoint ......................................	51
viii

	Table of Contents
5.	Conclusion ......................................................................................................	51
Lars van Vliet
Acquisition of a servitude by prescription in Dutch law..............................................		53
1.	Introduction ....................................................................................................	53
2.	The 10 Year Period and the Difficult Requirement of Good Faith ..........	54
3.	The 20 Year Period of Article 3:105 BW ......................................................	55
4.	Possession of a Servitude ..............................................................................	55
4.1.	Recognizability ...............................................................................................	55
4.2.	Visibility and Permanence ............................................................................	55
4.3.	Unequivocal Possession ................................................................................	57
4.4.	No Possession in the Case of Permission....................................................	58
5.	No Prescription beyond your Possession ...................................................	58
6.	The Consequence of Permission (other than Toleration)..........................	59
7.	The Consequence of Toleration....................................................................	59
8.	Limitation without Acquisitive Prescription..............................................	60
9.	Compulsory Right of Way ............................................................................	60
10.	Conclusion ......................................................................................................	61
Ken Reid
Modernising Land Burdens: The New Law in Scotland...............................................		63
1.	Becoming Stuck: the Decline of Servitudes ................................................	63
2.	Moving forward: the Rise of Real Burdens.................................................	65
3.	Keeping both: a Dual System of Land Burdens .........................................	66
4.	The Impetus for Reform ................................................................................	67
5.	Policy Considerations....................................................................................	68
6.	Three Obligations...........................................................................................	69
7.	Servitudes........................................................................................................	71
8.	Affirmative Burdens ......................................................................................	71
9.	Negative Burdens...........................................................................................	72
10.	Techniques of Restraint .................................................................................	72
		ix

	Table of Contents
11.	The First Principle: Injury to the Enforcer’s Property ...............................	73
11.1.	A Benefited Property .....................................................................................	74
11.2.	The Praedial Rule: Conferral of Benefit.......................................................	75
11.3.	Interest to Enforce: Injury to the Benefited Property.................................	76
12.	The Second Principle: Review by the Courts .............................................	77
13.	The Third Principle: a Limited Life..............................................................	78
14.	Annex I Title Conditions (Scotland) Act 2003 ............................................	80
15.	Annex II Copy of a Scottish Land Certificate .............................................	98
Susan French
The American Restatement of Servitudes Law: Reforming Doctrine by Shifting
From Ex ante to Ex post Controls on the Risks Posed by Servitudes........................		109
William Swadling
Land Burdens – An English Perspective.......................................................................		117
1.	Introduction ..................................................................................................	117
1.1.	The Idea of a Land Burden..........................................................................	117
1.2.	Sources of Law..............................................................................................	119
1.3.	A Numerus Clausus of Property Rights over Land ................................	121
1.4.	Land Burdens in English Law ....................................................................	123
1.5.	Burdens Arising by Operation of Law ......................................................	123
2.	Easements......................................................................................................	123
2.1.	Dominant and Servient Tenement.............................................................	124
2.2.	Benefit to Dominant Tenement ..................................................................	124
2.3.	Rights to Possession Vested in Different People......................................	126
2.4.	Content of Right Must be Certain ..............................................................	127
2.5.	No Positive Obligation on Possessor of Servient Tenement...................	127
2.6.	Right of Possessor of Dominant Tenement Must be Positive.................	128
3.	Profits a Prendre...........................................................................................	128
4.	Rentcharges...................................................................................................	128
5.	Restrictive Covenants ..................................................................................	129
6.	Estate Contracts............................................................................................	131
7.	Options to Purchase.....................................................................................	132
8.	Defects ...........................................................................................................	132
8.1.	Easements......................................................................................................	132
x

1 / 201 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 > Следующая >>>

Соседние файлы в папке Экзамен зачет учебный год 2023

#
21.12.2022300.56 Кб24The Netherlands.PDF
#
21.12.202219.61 Кб24Tsekouras, Tenancy Law Greece.pdf
#
21.12.20221.18 Mб33Tyagayi_E._Pravo_Sobstvennosti_Na_Ne.a4.pdf
#
21.12.2022747.92 Кб23van den Bergh, The Development of the Landlord's Hypothec.pdf
#
21.12.20223.55 Mб28van der Merwe, Time Limited Interests in Land.pdf
#
21.12.20221.82 Mб31Van Erp,Towards a Unified System of Land Burdens.pdf
#
21.12.20221.14 Mб24van Vliet, Accession of Movables to Land-1.pdf
#
21.12.20221.14 Mб24van Vliet, Accession of Movables to Land.pdf
#
21.12.2022220.56 Кб23Van Vliet, Mortgages on Immovables in Dutch Law in Comparison to the German Mortgage and Land Charge.pdf
#
21.12.2022294.48 Кб25von Bar, Why do We Need Grundstücke (Land Units), and What are They. On the Difficulties of Divining a European Concept of Thing in Property Law.pdf
#
21.12.2022105.75 Кб25Wakker, van der Molen, Lemmen, Land registration and cadastre in the Netherlands, and the role of cadastral boundaries.pdf