Экзамен зачет учебный год 2023 / ECHR_Kononov_v_Latvia_24_07_2008-1

ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ. ǙȔȚș șȥȟȜ ȣȤșȘȣȢȟȢȚȜȦȰ, ȫȦȢ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȰ ȥȢ- ȖșȤȬȜȟȢȘȡȢȜȟȜȡșȥȞȢȟȰȞȢȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȝȣȢȢȕȭșȠȧȣȤȔȖȧ, ȣȤșȘȧȥȠȢȦȤșȡȡȯȩȡȔȪȜȢȡȔȟȰȡȯȠțȔȞȢȡȢȘȔȦșȟȰȥȦȖȢȠǠȔȦȖȜȜ, ȥȤȢȞȜȘȔȖȡȢȥȦȜȣȤȜȖȟșȫșȡȜȓȞȧȗȢȟȢȖȡȢȝȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖșȡȡȢȥȦȜțȔ Ȝȩ ȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȜș ȘȔȖȡȢ ȜȥȦșȞȟȜ. ǦȢȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖșȡȡȢ ȟȔȦȖȜȝȥȞȢș țȔȞȢȡȢȘȔȦșȟȰȥȦȖȢ ȦȔȞȚș ȡș ȠȢȗȟȢ ȥȟȧȚȜȦȰ ȢȥȡȢȖȔȡȜșȠ Șȟȓ ȖȯȡșȥșȡȜȓ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȲ ȢȕȖȜȡȜȦșȟȰȡȢȗȢ ȣȤȜȗȢȖȢȤȔ.

149.ǦȟșȘȢȖȔȦșȟȰȡȢ, ȣȢ Șșȟȧ ȖȟȔȥȦȓȠȜ ȗȢȥȧȘȔȤȥȦȖȔ-ȢȦ- ȖșȦȫȜȞȔ ȕȯȟȢ ȘȢȣȧȭșȡȢ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜș ȦȤșȕȢȖȔȡȜȝ ȥȦȔȦȰȜ 7 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ.

II. В ПОРЯДКЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СТАТЬИ 41 КОНВЕНЦИИ

150.ǦȦȔȦȰȓ 41 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ ȣȤșȘȧȥȠȔȦȤȜȖȔșȦ ȥȟșȘȧȲȭșș:

«ǚȥȟȜ ǦȧȘ ȢȕȮȓȖȟȓșȦ, ȫȦȢ ȜȠșȟȢ ȠșȥȦȢ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜș ǟȢȡ- ȖșȡȪȜȜȜȟȜǤȤȢȦȢȞȢȟȢȖȞȡșȝ, ȔȖȡȧȦȤșȡȡșșȣȤȔȖȢǗȯȥȢȞȢȝ ǙȢȗȢȖȔȤȜȖȔȲȭșȝȥȓǦȦȢȤȢȡȯȘȢȣȧȥȞȔșȦȖȢțȠȢȚȡȢȥȦȰȟȜȬȰ ȫȔȥȦȜȫȡȢȗȢȧȥȦȤȔȡșȡȜȓȣȢȥȟșȘȥȦȖȜȝȱȦȢȗȢȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜȓ, ǦȧȘ, Ȗ ȥȟȧȫȔș ȡșȢȕȩȢȘȜȠȢȥȦȜ, ȣȤȜȥȧȚȘȔșȦ ȥȣȤȔȖșȘȟȜȖȧȲ ȞȢȠ- ȣșȡȥȔȪȜȲ ȣȢȦșȤȣșȖȬșȝ ȥȦȢȤȢȡș».

A.Вопрос о причиненном заявителю ущербе

151.ǜȔȓȖȜȦșȟȰ, ȡșȘșȟȔȓȫșȦȞȢȗȢȤȔțȟȜȫȜȓ ȠșȚȘȧȠȔȦșȤȜ- ȔȟȰȡȯȠ ȧȭșȤȕȢȠ Ȝ ȠȢȤȔȟȰȡȯȠ ȖȤșȘȢȠ, ȣȤȢȥȜȦ ȖȯȣȟȔȦȜȦȰ șȠȧ ȥȟșȘȧȲȭȜș ȥȧȠȠȯ:

(Ȕ) 687 Ȧȯȥȓȫ șȖȤȢ Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ țȔ ȥȦȤȔȘȔȡȜȓ Ȝ ȫȧȖȥȦȖȢ ȦȤșȖȢȗȜ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯș Ȣȡ ȜȥȣȯȦȔȟ Ȗ ȩȢȘș ȧȗȢȟȢȖȡȢȗȢ ȣȤșȥȟșȘȢȖȔȡȜȓ;

(b) ȘȢȣȢȟȡȜȦșȟȰȡȢ 3 ȠȜȟȟȜȢȡȔ șȖȤȢ Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔ- ȪȜȜ țȔ ȥȦȤȔȘȔȡȜȓ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯș Ȣȡ ȣșȤșȡșȥ ȖȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ȣȤșȘȖȔȤȜ- ȦșȟȰȡȢȗȢ ȥȢȘșȤȚȔȡȜȓ ȣȢȘ ȥȦȤȔȚșȝ;

(c) 500 Ȧȯȥȓȫ șȖȤȢ țȔ ȠȢȤȔȟȰȡȯȝ ȖȤșȘ, ȣȤȜȫȜȡșȡȡȯȝ ȦșȠ, ȫȦȢȢȡ, ȡȔȩȢȘȓȥȰȣȢȘȥȦȤȔȚșȝ, ȡșȥȠȢȗȣȤȜȥȧȦȥȦȖȢȖȔȦȰȡȔȣȢ- ȩȢȤȢȡȔȩ ȥȖȢșȗȢ ȥȯȡȔ Ȝ ȘȖȧȩ ȕȤȔȦȰșȖ;

(d) 5 Ȧȯȥȓȫ ȘȢȟȟȔȤȢȖ ǦǭǕ Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ țȔ țș- ȠșȟȰȡȯȝ ȧȫȔȥȦȢȞ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯȝ Ȣȡ ȕȯȟ ȖȯȡȧȚȘșȡ ȣȤȢȘȔȦȰ Șȟȓ ȦȢȗȢ, ȫȦȢȕȯ ȢȣȟȔȦȜȦȰ ȧȥȟȧȗȜ țȔȭȜȦȯ ȖȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ȤȔȥȥȠȢȦȤș- ȡȜȓ șȗȢ ȘșȟȔ Ȗ ȟȔȦȖȜȝȥȞȜȩ ȥȧȘȔȩ;

(e) 30 Ȧȯȥȓȫ ȘȢȟȟȔȤȢȖ ǦǭǕ Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ țȔ ȞȖȔȤȦȜȤȧ, ȞȢȦȢȤȧȲ Ȣȡ ȕȯȟ ȖȯȡȧȚȘșȡ ȣȤȢȘȔȦȰ, ȫȦȢȕȯ ȣȢȞ- ȤȯȦȰ ȤȔȥȩȢȘȯ ȡȔ ȟșȫșȡȜș;

(f) 7 Ȧȯȥȓȫ șȖȤȢ Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ țȔ ȖȢțȡȔȗȤȔȚ- ȘșȡȜș ǡ.ǟ. — ȥȟșȘȢȖȔȦșȟȓ ǖȲȤȢ ȞȢȡȥȦȜȦȧȪȜȢȡȡȢȝ țȔȭȜ- Ȧȯ țȔ ȦȢ ȖȤșȠȓ, Ȗ ȦșȫșȡȜș ȞȢȦȢȤȢȗȢ Ȣȡ țȔȡȜȠȔȟȥȓ ȘșȟȢȠ țȔ- ȓȖȜȦșȟȓ;

(g) 680 Ȧȯȥȓȫ șȖȤȢ Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ țȔ ȖȢțȡȔȗȤȔȚ- ȘșȡȜș, ȣȢȟȧȫșȡȡȢș ȣȤȢȞȧȤȢȤȔȠȜ țȔ ȦȢ ȖȤșȠȓ, Ȗ ȦșȫșȡȜș ȞȢ- ȦȢȤȢȗȢ ȢȡȜ țȔȡȜȠȔȟȜȥȰ ȘșȟȢȠ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȓ;

(h) 1 ȠȜȟȟȜȢȡ șȖȤȢ Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ ȧȭșȤȕȔ, ȣȤȜ- ȫȜȡșȡȡȢȗȢȫșȥȦȜȜȤșȣȧȦȔȪȜȜțȔȓȖȜȦșȟȓȥȧȘȢȠȡȔȘȡȜȠȜȖȯ- ȡșȥșȡȜșȠ șȠȧ ȢȕȖȜȡȜȦșȟȰȡȢȗȢ ȣȤȜȗȢȖȢȤȔ;

(i) 5 ȠȜȟȟȜȢȡȢȖ 187 Ȧȯȥȓȫ șȖȤȢȖ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖșȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ țȔ «ȡșțȔȞȢȡȡȢș ȢȥȧȚȘșȡȜș Ȗ ȧȗȢȟȢȖȡȢȠ ȣȢȤȓȘȞș».

152.ǘȢȥȧȘȔȤȥȦȖȢ-ȢȦȖșȦȫȜȞ ȢȦȠșȫȔșȦ, ȫȦȢ ȢȥȡȢȖȔȡȜșȠ Șȟȓ ȣȤȜȥȧȚȘșȡȜȓ ȥȣȤȔȖșȘȟȜȖȢȝ ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ ȥȢȗȟȔȥȡȢ ȥȦȔ- ȦȰș 41 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ ȠȢȚșȦ ȓȖȟȓȦȰȥȓ ȟȜȬȰ ȧȭșȤȕ, ȣȤȜȫȜȡșȡ- ȡȯȝ Ȗ ȤșțȧȟȰȦȔȦș ȢȘȡȢȗȢ ȜȟȜ ȡșȥȞȢȟȰȞȜȩ ȧȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȡȯȩ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȠ ǦȧȘȢȠ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜȝ ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ. ǖфȟȰȬȔȓ ȫȔȥȦȰ ȤȔȥȩȢȘȢȖ, ȖȢțȠșȭșȡȜȓȞȢȦȢȤȯȩȦȤșȕȧșȦțȔȓȖȜȦșȟȰ, ȢȦȡȢȥȜȦ- ȥȓ Ȟ ȦȢȝ ȫȔȥȦȜ ȚȔȟȢȕȯ, ȞȢȦȢȤȧȲ ǦȧȘ ȧȚș ȢȦȞȟȢȡȜȟ Ȗ Ȥș- ȬșȡȜȜ ȣȢ ȖȢȣȤȢȥȧ Ȣ ȣȤȜșȠȟșȠȢȥȦȜ ȢȦ 27 ȘșȞȔȕȤȓ 2007 ȗ. ǦȢȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖșȡȡȢ ȢȡȜ ȡȜȞȔȞ ȡș ȥȖȓțȔȡȯ ȥ ȣȤșȘȣȢȟȔȗȔșȠȯȠ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜșȠ ȦȤșȕȢȖȔȡȜȝ ȥȦȔȦȰȜ 7 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ. Ǘ ȫȔȥȦȡȢȥȦȜ, ȗȢȥȧȘȔȤȥȦȖȢ-ȢȦȖșȦȫȜȞ ȡș ȖȜȘȜȦ ȡȜȞȔȞȜȩ ȣȤȜȫȜȡ, ȣȢ ȞȢȦȢ- ȤȯȠ ȢȡȢ ȘȢȟȚȡȢ ȖȯȣȟȔȫȜȖȔȦȰ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȲ ȘșȡșȚȡȯș ȥȧȠȠȯ, ȥȢȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖȧȲȭȜș ȖȢțȡȔȗȤȔȚȘșȡȜȲ ȤȔȕȢȦȡȜȞȢȖ ȣȤȢȞȧȤȔ-

ȦȧȤȯ, șȥȟȜ Ȝȩ ȤȔȕȢȦȔ ȢȣȟȔȫȜȖȔșȦȥȓ ȡș țȔȓȖȜȦșȟșȠ, Ȕ ȗȢȥȧ- ȘȔȤȥȦȖȢȠ.

153.ǬȦȢ ȞȔȥȔșȦȥȓ ȢȥȦȔȟȰȡȯȩ ȜțȟȢȚșȡȡȯȩ ȖȯȬș ȦȤșȕȢȖȔ- ȡȜȝțȔȓȖȜȦșȟȓ, ȗȢȥȧȘȔȤȥȦȖȢ-ȢȦȖșȦȫȜȞȥȫȜȦȔșȦȜȩȡȔȘȧȠȔȡȡȯ- ȠȜ Ȝ ȫȤșțȠșȤȡȯȠȜ. ǤȢ șȗȢ ȠȡșȡȜȲ, ȖȜȡȔ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȓ Ȗ ȧȕȜȝ- ȥȦȖșȘșȖȓȦȜȚȜȦșȟșȝȘșȤșȖȡȜ«ȕȯȟȔȧȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȔȖȡșȖȥȓȞȢȗȢ ȤȔțȧȠȡȢȗȢ ȥȢȠȡșȡȜȓ». ǜȔȓȖȜȦșȟȰ ȥȔȠ «ȣȤȜȫȜȡȜȟ ȥȦȤȔȘȔȡȜȓ ȚȜȦșȟȓȠ ȘșȤșȖȡȜ ǡȔȟȯș ǖȔȦȯ», ȡș ȖȯȣȟȔȦȜȟ ȢȥȦȔȖȬȜȠȥȓ

ȖȚȜȖȯȩ ȡȜȞȔȞȢȝ ȘșȡșȚȡȢȝ ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ Ȝ ȡș ȣȤȜȡșȥ ȜȠ ȥȖȢȜȩ ȜțȖȜȡșȡȜȝ, ȣȢȱȦȢȠȧ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȝ ǦȧȘ ȡș ȘȢȟȚșȡ ȣȤȜ- ȥȧȚȘȔȦȰșȠȧȡȜȞȔȞȢȝȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜȠȢȤȔȟȰȡȢȗȢȖȤșȘȔ. ǦȟșȘȢ- ȖȔȦșȟȰȡȢ, ȧȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜșȣȢȘșȟȧȨȔȞȦȔȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜȓǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ ȥȔȠȢȣȢȥșȕșȓȖȟȓȟȢȥȰȕȯȘȢȥȦȔȦȢȫȡȢȝȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜșȝȟȲȕȢȗȢ ȣȤȜȫȜȡșȡȡȢȗȢ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȲ ȠȢȤȔȟȰȡȢȗȢ ȖȤșȘȔ.

154.ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȝ ǦȧȘ ȖȡȢȖȰ țȔȓȖȟȓșȦ, ȫȦȢ ȡșȢȕȩȢȘȜ- ȠȯȠ ȧȥȟȢȖȜșȠ ȣȤȜȥȧȚȘșȡȜȓ ȥȣȤȔȖșȘȟȜȖȢȗȢ ȖȢțȠșȭșȡȜȓ ȠȔȦșȤȜȔȟȰȡȢȗȢ ȧȭșȤȕȔ ȣȢ ȥȦȔȦȰș 41 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ ȓȖȟȓșȦȥȓ ȡȔȟȜȫȜș ȣȤȜȫȜȡȡȢ-ȥȟșȘȥȦȖșȡȡȢȝ ȥȖȓțȜ ȠșȚȘȧ ȣȤșȘȣȢȟȢȚȜ- ȦșȟȰȡȢ ȣȤȜȫȜȡșȡȡȯȠ ȧȭșȤȕȢȠ Ȝ ȧȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȡȯȠ ȣȢ Șșȟȧ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜșȠ ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ (ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜș ǖȢȟȰȬȢȝ ǤȔȟȔ- Ȧȯ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ Șșȟȧ «ǢȜȞȢȟȢȖȔ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ǖȢȟ-

ȗȔȤȜȜ» [Nikolova v. Bulgaria], ȚȔȟȢȕȔ ǔ 31195/96, § 73,

ǦȕȢȤȡȜȞ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȝ Ȝ ȤșȬșȡȜȝ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ ȣȤȔȖȔȠ ȫșȟȢȖșȞȔ [ECHR] 1999-II, Ȕ ȦȔȞȚș ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜș ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ Șșȟȧ «ǤȢȘȞȢȟțȜȡȔ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ»

[Podkolzina v. Latvia], ȚȔȟȢȕȔ ǔ 46726/99, § 49, ǦȕȢȤȡȜȞ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȝ Ȝ ȤșȬșȡȜȝ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ ȣȤȔȖȔȠ ȫș- ȟȢȖșȞȔ [ECHR] 2002-II). ǝȠșȡȡȢ ȱȦȢ ȣȤȔȖȜȟȢ ȣȤȜȠșȡȓșȦȥȓ Ȝ Ȗ ȢȦȡȢȬșȡȜȜ ȠȢȤȔȟȰȡȢȗȢ ȖȤșȘȔ (ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜș ǚȖȤȢȣșȝ- ȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȢȦ 4 ȠȔȓ 2006 ȗ. ȣȢ Șșȟȧ «ǟȔȘȜȞȜȥ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ǠȔȦ-

ȖȜȜ (ǔ 2)» [Kadiƃis v. Latvia (no. 2)], ȚȔȟȢȕȔ ǔ 62393/00, § 67). Ǘ ȡȔȥȦȢȓȭșȠ Șșȟș ȢȦȥȧȦȥȦȖȧșȦ ȣȤȜȫȜȡȡȢ-ȥȟșȘȥȦȖșȡ- ȡȔȓ ȥȖȓțȰ ȠșȚȘȧ ȕȢȟȰȬșȝ ȫȔȥȦȰȲ ȥȧȠȠ, ȖȯȣȟȔȦȯ ȞȢȦȢȤȯȩ ȦȤșȕȧșȦ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȰ, Ȝ ȧȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȡȯȠ ǦȧȘȢȠ ȨȔȞȦȢȠ ȡȔ- ȤȧȬșȡȜȓ ȦȤșȕȢȖȔȡȜȝ ȥȦȔȦȰȜ 7 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ. ǧșȠ ȡș Ƞșȡșș ǦȧȘ ȥȫȜȦȔșȦ, ȫȦȢ ȠȢȤȔȟȰȡȯȝ ȖȤșȘ, ȣȤȜȫȜȡșȡȡȯȝ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȲ ȱȦȜȠ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜșȠ, ȓȖȟȓșȦȥȓ ȕșȥȥȣȢȤȡȯȠ, ȩȢȦȓ ȥȧȠȠȯ ȦȤș- ȕȧșȠȢȝ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟșȠ ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ ȓȖȡȢ ȫȤșțȠșȤȡȯ. ǤȢȱȦȢ- Ƞȧ, ȣȤȜȡȜȠȔȓ ȤșȬșȡȜș ȡȔ ȢȥȡȢȖș ȣȤȜȡȪȜȣȔ ȥȣȤȔȖșȘȟȜȖȢȥȦȜ

ȖȥȢȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖȜȜ ȥȢ ȥȦȔȦȰșȝ 41 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ Ȝ ȧȫȜȦȯȖȔȓ Ȝȡȯș ȢȥȢȕȯș ȢȕȥȦȢȓȦșȟȰȥȦȖȔ ȡȔȥȦȢȓȭșȗȢ ȘșȟȔ, ǦȧȘ ȣȤȜȥȧȚȘȔ- șȦ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȲ Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ ȣȤȜȫȜȡșȡȡȢȗȢ șȠȧ ȠȢȤȔȟȰȡȢȗȢ ȖȤșȘȔ ȥȧȠȠȧ Ȗ ȤȔțȠșȤș 30 Ȧȯȥȓȫ șȖȤȢ, Ȟ ȫșȠȧ ȡȔȘȟșȚȜȦ ȣȤȜȕȔȖȜȦȰ ȥȧȠȠȧ ȟȲȕȯȩ ȡȔȟȢȗȢȖ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯș ȠȢȗȧȦ ȣȢȘȟșȚȔȦȰ ȧȣȟȔȦș ȥ ȧȞȔțȔȡȡȢȝ ȥȧȠȠȯ.

B. Вопрос о понесенных заявителем судебных издержках и расходах

155.ǜȔȓȖȜȦșȟȰ ȣȤȢȥȜȦ ȖȯȣȟȔȦȜȦȰ șȠȧ 3 ȦȯȥȓȫȜ ȟȔȦȖȜȝ- ȥȞȜȩ ȟȔȦȢȖ (4 ȦȯȥȓȫȜ 200 șȖȤȢ) Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȖȢțȠșȭșȡȜȓ Ȝț- ȘșȤȚșȞȜȤȔȥȩȢȘȢȖ, ȥȖȓțȔȡȡȯȩȥȤȔȥȥȠȢȦȤșȡȜșȠȘșȟȔȖǚȖȤȢ- ȣșȝȥȞȢȠ ǦȧȘș. ǣȡ ȡș ȣȤșȘȥȦȔȖȜȟ ȡȜȞȔȞȜȩ ȘȢȞȧȠșȡȦȔȟȰȡȯȩ ȣȢȘȦȖșȤȚȘșȡȜȝ ȥȖȢȜȩ ȦȤșȕȢȖȔȡȜȝ.

156.ǘȢȥȧȘȔȤȥȦȖȢ-ȢȦȖșȦȫȜȞ ȥȫȜȦȔșȦ, ȫȦȢ ȣȤȜȦȓțȔȡȜȓ țȔ- ȓȖȜȦșȟȓ, ȡș ȣȢȘȞȤșȣȟșȡȡȯș ȡȜȞȔȞȜȠȜ ȘȢȞȧȠșȡȦȔȠȜ, ȡș ȢȦ- ȖșȫȔȲȦ ȢȥȡȢȖȢȣȢȟȔȗȔȲȭȜȠ ȦȤșȕȢȖȔȡȜȓȠ, ȧȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȡȯȠ ȣȤȔȞȦȜȞȢȝ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ Ȗ ȱȦȢȝ ȥȨșȤș.

157.ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȝ ǦȧȘ ȣȢȖȦȢȤȓșȦ, ȫȦȢ Șȟȓ ȖȢțȡȜȞȡȢȖș- ȡȜȓ ȣȤȔȖȔ ȡȔ ȖȢțȠșȭșȡȜș ȥȧȘșȕȡȯȩ ȜțȘșȤȚșȞ Ȝ ȤȔȥȩȢȘȢȖ ȣȢ ȥȦȔȦȰș 41 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ ȡșȢȕȩȢȘȜȠȢ, ȫȦȢȕȯ ȢȡȜ ȕȯȟȜ ȨȔȞ- ȦȜȫșȥȞȜ ȣȢȡșȥșȡȯ ȣȢȦșȤȣșȖȬșȝ ȥȦȢȤȢȡȢȝ Ȝ ȡșȢȕȩȢȘȜȠȯ (ȥȠ., Ȗ ȫȜȥȟș ȣȤȢȫȜȩ ȜȥȦȢȫȡȜȞȢȖ, ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜș ǖȢȟȰȬȢȝ ǤȔȟȔȦȯ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ Șșȟȧ «ǝȔȦȤȜȘȜȥ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ǘȤș- ȪȜȜ» [Iatridis v. Greece] (ȖȢȣȤȢȥ Ȣ ȥȣȤȔȖșȘȟȜȖȢȝ ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔ- ȪȜȜ), ȚȔȟȢȕȔ ǔ 31107/96, § 54, ǦȕȢȤȡȜȞ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȝ

ȜȤșȬșȡȜȝ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ ȣȤȔȖȔȠ ȫșȟȢȖșȞȔ [ECHR] 2000-XI; ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜș ǖȢȟȰȬȢȝ ǤȔȟȔȦȯ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ

ǦȧȘȔ ȢȦ 28 ȠȔȓ 2002 ȗ. ȣȢ Șșȟȧ «ǖșȝșȟșȤ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ǝȦȔȟȜȜ» [Beyeler v. Italy] (ȖȢȣȤȢȥ Ȣ ȥȣȤȔȖșȘȟȜȖȢȝ ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ), ȚȔ- ȟȢȕȔ ǔ 33202/96, § 27, Ȕ ȦȔȞȚș ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜș ǚȖȤȢȣșȝ- ȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ Șșȟȧ «ǦȖȜȣȥȦȔ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ» [Svipsta v. Latvia], ȚȔȟȢȕȔ ǔ 66820/01, § 170, ǦȕȢȤȡȜȞ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȝ Ȝ ȤșȬșȡȜȝ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ ȣȤȔȖȔȠ ȫșȟȢȖșȞȔ [ECHR] 2006 — ... (ȜțȖȟșȫșȡȜȓ)). ǦȢȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖȧȲȭȜș ȦȤșȕȢȖȔȡȜȓ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȓ ȥȨȢȤȠȧȟȜȤȢȖȔȡȯ Ȗ ȢȫșȡȰ ȢȕȭȜȩ ȖȯȤȔȚșȡȜȓȩ, ȡș ȣȢȘȞȤșȣȟșȡȯ ȡȜȞȔȞȜȠȜ ȘȢȞȧȠșȡȦȔȠȜ, Ȝ, ȦȔȞȜȠ ȢȕȤȔțȢȠ, ǦȧȘ Ȝȩ ȢȦȞȟȢȡȓșȦ.

C.Процентная ставка при просрочке платежей

158.ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȝǦȧȘȥȫȜȦȔșȦ, ȫȦȢȣȤȢȪșȡȦȡȔȓȥȦȔȖȞȔȣȤȜ ȣȤȢȥȤȢȫȞș ȣȟȔȦșȚșȝ ȘȢȟȚȡȔ ȕȯȦȰ ȧȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȔ Ȗ ȤȔțȠșȤș ȣȤșȘșȟȰȡȢȝȗȢȘȢȖȢȝȣȤȢȪșȡȦȡȢȝ ȞȤșȘȜȦȡȢȝ ȥȦȔȖȞȜǚȖȤȢȣșȝ- ȥȞȢȗȢ ȪșȡȦȤȔȟȰȡȢȗȢ ȕȔȡȞȔ, Ȟ ȫșȠȧ ȡȔȘȟșȚȜȦ ȣȤȜȕȔȖȜȦȰ ȦȤȜ ȣȤȢȪșȡȦȔ.

ПО ЭТИМ ОСНОВАНИЯМ ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ СУД

1.ǤȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȜȟ, ȫȦȢ ȣȢ Șșȟȧ ȖȟȔȥȦȓȠȜ ȗȢȥȧȘȔȤȥȦȖȔ-ȢȦȖșȦ- ȫȜȞȔ ȕȯȟȢ ȘȢȣȧȭșȡȢ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜș ȦȤșȕȢȖȔȡȜȝ ȥȦȔȦȰȜ 7 ǟȢȡ- ȖșȡȪȜȜ (ȣȤȜȡȓȦȢ ȫșȦȯȤȰȠȓ ȗȢȟȢȥȔȠȜ «țȔ» Ȝ ȦȤșȠȓ ȗȢȟȢȥȔ- ȠȜ «ȣȤȢȦȜȖ»);

2.ǤȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȜȟ:

(a)ȫȦȢ ȗȢȥȧȘȔȤȥȦȖȢ-ȢȦȖșȦȫȜȞ ȢȕȓțȔȡȢ — Ȗ ȥȢȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖȜȜ

ȥȣȧȡȞȦȢȠ 2 ȥȦȔȦȰȜ 44 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ — Ȗ ȦșȫșȡȜș ȦȤșȩ Ƞș- ȥȓȪșȖ ȥȢ Șȡȓ ȖȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȓ Ȗ ȥȜȟȧ ȖȯȣȟȔȦȜȦȰ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȲ ȥȧȠȠȧ Ȗ ȤȔțȠșȤș 30 000 șȖȤȢ (ȦȤȜȘȪȔȦȰ Ȧȯȥȓȫ șȖȤȢ) Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ ȣȤȜȫȜȡșȡȡȢȗȢ șȠȧ ȠȢȤȔȟȰ- ȡȢȗȢ ȖȤșȘȔ ȥ ȣșȤșȖȢȘȢȠ ȘȔȡȡȢȝ ȥȧȠȠȯ Ȗ ȟȔȦȖȜȝȥȞȜș ȟȔȦȯ ȣȢ ȞȧȤȥȧ ȢȕȠșȡȔ ȖȔȟȲȦȯ ȡȔ ȘșȡȰ ȖȯȣȟȔȦȯ, Ȟ ȫșȠȧ ȡȔȘȟș-

ȚȜȦ ȣȤȜȕȔȖȜȦȰ ȥȧȠȠȧ ȟȲȕȯȩ ȡȔȟȢȗȢȖ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯș ȠȢȗȧȦ ȣȢȘ- ȟșȚȔȦȰ ȧȣȟȔȦș ȥ ȧȞȔțȔȡȡȢȝ ȥȧȠȠȯ;

(b) ȫȦȢ ȥ ȠȢȠșȡȦȔ ȜȥȦșȫșȡȜȓ ȧȞȔțȔȡȡȢȗȢ ȦȤșȩȠșȥȓȫȡȢ- ȗȢ ȥȤȢȞȔ Ȝ ȘȢ ȠȢȠșȡȦȔ ȨȔȞȦȜȫșȥȞȢȝ ȖȯȣȟȔȦȯ ȧȞȔțȔȡȡȯȩ ȥȧȠȠ ȡȔ ȡȜȩ ȡȔȫȜȥȟȓȲȦȥȓ Ȝ ȣȢȘȟșȚȔȦ ȖȯȣȟȔȦș țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȲ ȬȦȤȔȨȡȯș ȥȔȡȞȪȜȜ, ȤȔȥȥȫȜȦȯȖȔșȠȯș ȞȔȞ ȣȤȢȥȦȯș ȣȤȢȪșȡ- Ȧȯ ȣȢ ȣȤșȘșȟȰȡȢȝ ȗȢȘȢȖȢȝ ȣȤȢȪșȡȦȡȢȝ ȥȦȔȖȞș ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǫșȡȦȤȔȟȰȡȢȗȢ ȕȔȡȞȔ ȣȟȲȥ ȦȤȜ ȣȤȢȪșȡȦȔ (ȣȤȜȡȓȦȢ ȫșȦȯȤȰȠȓ ȗȢȟȢȥȔȠȜ «țȔ» Ȝ ȦȤșȠȓ ȗȢȟȢȥȔȠȜ «ȣȤȢȦȜȖ»);

3. ǣȦȞȟȢȡȜȟ ȢȥȦȔȟȰȡȯș ȦȤșȕȢȖȔȡȜȓ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȓ Ȣ ȥȣȤȔ- ȖșȘȟȜȖȢȝ ȞȢȠȣșȡȥȔȪȜȜ (ȣȤȜȡȓȦȢ șȘȜȡȢȗȟȔȥȡȢ).

ǦȢȖșȤȬșȡȢ ȡȔ ȨȤȔȡȪȧțȥȞȢȠ ȓțȯȞș, Ȝ ȧȖșȘȢȠȟșȡȜș Ȣ ȣȢȥ- ȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȜ ȡȔȣȤȔȖȟșȡȢ Ȗ ȣȜȥȰȠșȡȡȢȠ ȖȜȘș 24 ȜȲȟȓ 2008 ȗ. Ȗ ȥȢȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖȜȜ ȥ ȣȧȡȞȦȔȠȜ 2 Ȝ 3 ȣȤȔȖȜȟȔ 77 ǥșȗȟȔȠșȡȦȔ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ.

Ǘ ȥȢȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖȜȜ ȥ ȣȧȡȞȦȢȠ 2 ȥȦȔȦȰȜ 45 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ Ȝ ȣȧȡ- ȞȦȢȠ 2 ȣȤȔȖȜȟȔ 74 ǥșȗȟȔȠșȡȦȔ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ Ȟ ȡȔȥȦȢ- ȓȭșȠȧ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȲ ȣȤȜȟȔȗȔȲȦȥȓ ȥȟșȘȧȲȭȜș ȢȦȘșȟȰȡȯș ȠȡșȡȜȓ1 ȥȧȘșȝ:

(Ȕ) ȥȢȖȣȔȘȔȲȭșș ȠȡșȡȜș ȥȧȘȰȜ Dz. ǡȜȝșȤȔ;

(b)ȥȢȖȠșȥȦȡȢș ȢȥȢȕȢș ȠȡșȡȜș ȥȧȘșȝ ǚ. ǩȧȤȔ-ǦȔȡȘȥȦȤȒȠ, ǙȱȖȜȘȔ ǧȢȤ ǖȰȢȤȗȖȜȡȥȥȢȡȔ Ȝ ǝ. ǜȜșȠșȟș;

(c)ȢȥȢȕȢș ȠȡșȡȜș ȥȧȘȰȜ ǙȱȖȜȘȔ ǧȢȤ ǖȰȢȤȗȖȜȡȥȥȢȡȔ.

ǣȞȢȡȫȔȡȜș Ȗ ȥȟșȘȧȲȭșȠ ȡȢȠșȤș

ǤșȤșȖȢȘ ȥ ȔȡȗȟȜȝȥȞȢȗȢ ȓțȯȞȔ. © ǛȧȤȡȔȟ «ǤȤȔȖȔ ȫșȟȢȖșȞȔ. ǤȤȔȞȦȜȞȔ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ ȣȤȔȖȔȠ ȫșȟȢȖșȞȔ»

ȜȥȩȢȘȓ Ȝț ȨȔȞȦȜȫșȥȞȜȩ ȢȕȥȦȢȓȦșȟȰȥȦȖ ȘșȟȔ. ǤȢȥȞȢȟȰȞȧ ȱȦȜ ȢȕȥȦȢȓȦșȟȰȥȦȖȔ ȢȫșȡȰ ȦșȥȡȢ ȥȖȓțȔȡȯ ȥ ȣȤȔȖȢȖȯȠȜ ȖȢȣȤȢȥȔ- ȠȜ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯșȡșȢȕȩȢȘȜȠȢȤȔțȤșȬȜȦȰȥȦȢȫȞȜțȤșȡȜȓȥȦȔȦȰȜ7 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ, ȓ ȥȢȗȟȔȥșȡ ȥ Ȣȕȭșȝ ȟȢȗȜȞȢȝ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȓ, ȢȦ- ȤȔȚșȡȡȢȝ Ȗ ȣȧȡȞȦȔȩ 108–112.

4.Ǘ ȣȤȜȡȪȜȣș Ȗ țȔȘȔȫȜ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȡș ȖȩȢȘȜȦ ȣȢȘ- ȠșȡȓȦȰ ȣȢțȜȪȜȲ ȡȔȪȜȢȡȔȟȰȡȯȩ ȥȧȘșȕȡȯȩ ȢȤȗȔȡȢȖ ȥȖȢșȝ ȥȢȕ- ȥȦȖșȡȡȢȝ ȦȢȫȞȢȝ țȤșȡȜȓ. ǨȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜș ȢȕȥȦȢȓȦșȟȰȥȦȖ ȘșȟȔ

ȜȤȔțȤșȬșȡȜș ȣȤȢȕȟșȠ ȦȢȟȞȢȖȔȡȜȓ ȡȔȪȜȢȡȔȟȰȡȢȗȢ țȔȞȢȡȢȘȔ- ȦșȟȰȥȦȖȔ Ȗ ȣșȤȖȧȲ ȢȫșȤșȘȰ ȢȦȡȢȥȜȦȥȓ Ȟ ȞȢȠȣșȦșȡȪȜȜ ȡȔȪȜ- ȢȡȔȟȰȡȯȩ ȖȟȔȥȦșȝ, Ȗ ȢȥȢȕșȡȡȢȥȦȜ ȥȧȘȢȖ. DzȦȢ ȢȦȡȢȥȜȦȥȓ Ȝ Ȟ ȦșȠȥȟȧȫȔȓȠ, ȞȢȗȘȔȡȔȪȜȢȡȔȟȰȡȢșțȔȞȢȡȢȘȔȦșȟȰȥȦȖȢȥȥȯȟȔșȦȥȓ ȡȔȡȢȤȠȯȢȕȭșȗȢȠșȚȘȧȡȔȤȢȘȡȢȗȢȣȤȔȖȔȜȟȜȠșȚȘȧȡȔȤȢȘȡȯȩ ȥȢȗȟȔȬșȡȜȝ. ǥȢȟȰǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢǦȧȘȔȥȖȢȘȜȦȥȓȞȦȢȠȧ, ȫȦȢȕȯ ȧȥȦȔȡȢȖȜȦȰ, ȥȢȖȠșȥȦȜȠȯ ȟȜ ȣȢȥȟșȘȥȦȖȜȓ ȦȔȞȢȗȢ ȦȢȟȞȢȖȔȡȜȓ ȥȦȤșȕȢȖȔȡȜȓȠȜǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ(ȥȠ. ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜșǖȢȟȰȬȢȝǤȔ- ȟȔȦȯǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢǦȧȘȔȣȢȘșȟȧ«ǨȱȝȦȜǟșȡȡșȘȜȣȤȢȦȜȖǘșȤ-

ȠȔȡȜȜ» [Waite and Kennedy v. Germany], ȚȔȟȢȕȔǔ26083/94, § 54, ǦȕȢȤȡȜȞ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȝ Ȝ ȤșȬșȡȜȝ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ ȣȤȔȖȔȠ ȫșȟȢȖșȞȔ [ECHR] 1999-I, Ȕ ȦȔȞȚș ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜș ǖȢȟȰȬȢȝǤȔȟȔȦȯǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢǦȧȘȔȣȢȘșȟȧ«ǦȦȤșȟșȪ, ǟșȥ- ȥȟșȤ Ȝ ǟȤșȡȪ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ǘșȤȠȔȡȜȜ» [Streletz, Kessler and Krenz v. Germany], ȚȔȟȢȕȯǔ34044/96, ǔ35532/97 Ȝǔ44801/98, § 90, ǦȕȢȤȡȜȞ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȝ Ȝ ȤșȬșȡȜȝ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢ ǦȧȘȔ ȣȢ ȣȤȔȖȔȠ ȫșȟȢȖșȞȔ [ECHR] 2001-II). ǧșȠ ȡș Ƞșȡșș Ȗ ȦȔȞȢȠ Șșȟș, ȞȔȞ ȱȦȢ, ȗȘș ȨȔȞȦȯ Ȝ ȦȢȟȞȢȖȔȡȜș ȡȢȤȠ ȡȔȪȜȢȡȔȟȰȡȢȗȢ țȔȞȢȡȢȘȔȦșȟȰȥȦȖȔ Ȝ ȠșȚȘȧȡȔȤȢȘȡȢȗȢ ȣȤȔȖȔ ȦȔȞ ȦșȥȡȢ ȖțȔȜ- ȠȢȥȖȓțȔȡȯ, șȥȦȰ ȦȔȞȚș ȢȥȡȢȖȔȡȜȓ ȣȤȢȖșȤȜȦȰ, ȡș ȓȖȟȓȟȢȥȰ ȟȜ ȣȤȜȠșȡșȡȜșȡȢȤȠȡȔȪȜȢȡȔȟȰȡȢȗȢțȔȞȢȡȢȘȔȦșȟȰȥȦȖȔȜȠșȚȘȧȡȔ- ȤȢȘȡȢȗȢȣȤȔȖȔȖȱȦȜȠȨȔȞȦȔȠȣȤȢȜțȖȢȟȰȡȯȠ. ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȝǦȧȘ ȣȤȔȖȢȠȢȫșȡ ȤȔȥȥȠȔȦȤȜȖȔȦȰ ȢȕȚȔȟȧșȠȯș țȔȓȖȜȦșȟșȠ ȢȕȥȦȢȓ- ȦșȟȰȥȦȖȔ ȥ ȦȢȫȞȜ țȤșȡȜȓ Ȗȥșȩ ȦȤșȕȢȖȔȡȜȝ ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ, ȖȠșȥȦș ȖțȓȦȯȩ. ǤȤȜȖȯȣȢȟȡșȡȜȜȱȦȢȝțȔȘȔȫȜǦȧȘ, ȖȫȔȥȦȡȢȥȦȜ, ȖȣȤȔȖș ȞȖȔȟȜȨȜȪȜȤȢȖȔȦȰȢȕȥȦȢȓȦșȟȰȥȦȖȔȘșȟȔ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯș, ȞȔȞȢȡȥȫȜ- ȦȔșȦ, ȖȯȦșȞȔȲȦȜțȣȤșȘȥȦȔȖȟșȡȡȯȩșȠȧȘȢȞȔțȔȦșȟȰȥȦȖ, ȜȡȔȫș, ȫșȠȢȘȡȔȜțȥȦȢȤȢȡȣȢȘșȟȧ, ȟȜȕȢȖȥȟȧȫȔșȡșȢȕȩȢȘȜȠȢȥȦȜȣȢ- ȘȤȧȗȢȠȧȢȪșȡȜȖȔȦȰȱȦȜȢȕȥȦȢȓȦșȟȰȥȦȖȔ(ȥȠ. ȧȣȢȠȓȡȧȦȢșȖȯȬș ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜșǖȢȟȰȬȢȝǤȔȟȔȦȯǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȗȢǦȧȘȔȣȢȘșȟȧ «ǦȦȤșȟșȪ, ǟșȥȥȟșȤ Ȝ ǟȤșȡȪ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ǘșȤȠȔȡȜȜ», § 111).

5.ǢȔȥȞȢȟȰȞȢ ȓ țȡȔȲ, Ȗ ȱȦȢȦ ȤȔț ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȝ ǦȧȘ ȖȣșȤȖȯș ȤȔȥȥȠȔȦȤȜȖȔșȦȘșȟȢ, ȞȔȥȔȲȭșșȥȓȥȢȕȯȦȜȝȖȤșȠșȡǗȦȢȤȢȝȠȜ- ȤȢȖȢȝ ȖȢȝȡȯ, Ȗ ȞȢȦȢȤȢȠ ȣȢȘȥȧȘȜȠȯȝ ȡș ȕȯȟ ȥȖȓțȔȡ ȥ ȨȔȬȜ- ȥȦȔȠȜȟȜȕȢȥȜȩȥȢȲțȡȜȞȔȠȜȜȣȢȥȢȕȡȜȞȔȠȜ, ȔȖȢșȖȔȟȡȔȥȦȢ- ȤȢȡș ǦȢȲțȡȯȩ ȘșȤȚȔȖ, ȥȤȔȚȔȖȬȜȩȥȓ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȨȔȬȜȥȦȢȖ.

ǝț ȥȦȔȦȰȜ 6 ǨȥȦȔȖȔ ǡșȚȘȧȡȔȤȢȘȡȢȗȢ ȖȢșȡȡȢȗȢ ȦȤȜȕȧȡȔȟȔ (ȗ. ǢȲȤȡȕșȤȗ) ȓȥȡȢ ȥȟșȘȧșȦ, ȫȦȢ «ǧȤȜȕȧȡȔȟ, ȧȫȤșȚȘșȡȡȯȝ ǦȢȗȟȔȬșȡȜșȠ, ȧȣȢȠȓȡȧȦȯȠ Ȗ ȥȦȔȦȰș 1 ȡȔȥȦȢȓȭșȗȢ ǨȥȦȔ- ȖȔ Șȟȓ ȥȧȘȔ Ȝ ȡȔȞȔțȔȡȜȓ ȗȟȔȖȡȯȩ ȖȢșȡȡȯȩ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȡȜȞȢȖ șȖ- ȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȩ ȥȦȤȔȡ ȢȥȜ, ȜȠșșȦ ȣȤȔȖȢ ȥȧȘȜȦȰ Ȝ ȡȔȞȔțȯȖȔȦȰ ȟȜȪ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯș, ȘșȝȥȦȖȧȓ Ȗ ȜȡȦșȤșȥȔȩ șȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȩ ȥȦȤȔȡ ȢȥȜ ȜȡȘȜȖȜȘȧȔȟȰȡȢ ȜȟȜ Ȗ ȞȔȫșȥȦȖș ȫȟșȡȢȖ ȢȤȗȔȡȜțȔȪȜȜ, ȥȢ- ȖșȤȬȜȟȜ ȟȲȕȢș Ȝț ȥȟșȘȧȲȭȜȩ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȝ».

ǜȔȦșȠ ȘȔȡȡȔȓ ȥȦȔȦȰȓ ȘȔșȦ ȥȟșȘȧȲȭȜȝ ȣșȤșȫșȡȰ ȱȦȜȩ ȣȤș- ȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȝ:

«ǦȟșȘȧȲȭȜș ȘșȝȥȦȖȜȓ ȜȟȜ ȟȲȕȯș Ȝț ȡȜȩ ȓȖȟȓȲȦȥȓ ȣȤș- ȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓȠȜ, ȣȢȘȟșȚȔȭȜȠȜ ȲȤȜȥȘȜȞȪȜȜ ǧȤȜȕȧȡȔȟȔ Ȝ Ȗȟș- ȞȧȭȜȠȜ țȔ ȥȢȕȢȝ ȜȡȘȜȖȜȘȧȔȟȰȡȧȲ ȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖșȡȡȢȥȦȰ:

(a) ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȠȜȤȔ, Ȕ ȜȠșȡȡȢ: ȣȟȔȡȜȤȢȖȔȡȜș, ȣȢȘȗȢȦȢȖȞȔ, ȤȔțȖȓțȯȖȔȡȜș ȜȟȜ ȖșȘșȡȜș ȔȗȤșȥȥȜȖȡȢȝ ȖȢȝȡȯ ȜȟȜ ȖȢȝȡȯ Ȗ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜș ȠșȚȘȧȡȔȤȢȘȡȯȩ ȘȢȗȢȖȢȤȢȖ, ȥȢȗȟȔ- ȬșȡȜȝ ȜȟȜ țȔȖșȤșȡȜȝ, ȜȟȜ ȧȫȔȥȦȜș Ȗ ȢȕȭșȠ ȣȟȔȡș ȜȟȜ țȔ- ȗȢȖȢȤș, ȡȔȣȤȔȖȟșȡȡȯȩ Ȟ ȢȥȧȭșȥȦȖȟșȡȜȲ ȟȲȕȢȗȢ Ȝț ȖȯȬș- ȜțȟȢȚșȡȡȯȩ ȘșȝȥȦȖȜȝ;

(b) ȖȢșȡȡȯș ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ, Ȕ ȜȠșȡȡȢ: ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜȓ țȔȞȢ- ȡȢȖ ȜȟȜ ȢȕȯȫȔșȖ ȖȢȝȡȯ. ǟ ȱȦȜȠ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜȓȠ ȢȦȡȢȥȓȦȥȓ ȧȕȜȝȥȦȖȔ, ȜȥȦȓțȔȡȜȓ ȜȟȜ ȧȖȢȘ Ȗ ȤȔȕȥȦȖȢ ȜȟȜ Șȟȓ ȘȤȧȗȜȩ Ȫșȟșȝ ȗȤȔȚȘȔȡȥȞȢȗȢ ȡȔȥșȟșȡȜȓ ȢȞȞȧȣȜȤȢȖȔȡȡȢȝ ȦșȤȤȜȦȢ- ȤȜȜ; ȧȕȜȝȥȦȖȔ ȜȟȜ ȜȥȦȓțȔȡȜȓ ȖȢșȡȡȢȣȟșȡȡȯȩ ȜȟȜ ȟȜȪ, ȡȔ-

ȩȢȘȓȭȜȩȥȓ Ȗ ȠȢȤș; ȧȕȜȝȥȦȖȔ țȔȟȢȚȡȜȞȢȖ; ȢȗȤȔȕȟșȡȜș Ȣȕ- ȭșȥȦȖșȡȡȢȝ ȜȟȜ ȫȔȥȦȡȢȝ ȥȢȕȥȦȖșȡȡȢȥȦȜ; ȕșȥȥȠȯȥȟșȡȡȢș ȤȔțȤȧȬșȡȜș ȗȢȤȢȘȢȖ ȜȟȜ ȘșȤșȖșȡȰ; ȤȔțȢȤșȡȜș, ȡș ȢȣȤȔȖȘȔȡ- ȡȢș ȖȢșȡȡȢȝ ȡșȢȕȩȢȘȜȠȢȥȦȰȲ, Ȝ ȘȤȧȗȜș ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ;

(c) ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫșȟȢȖșȫșȥȦȖȔ, Ȕ ȜȠșȡȡȢ: ȧȕȜȝ- ȥȦȖȔ, ȜȥȦȤșȕȟșȡȜș, ȣȢȤȔȕȢȭșȡȜș, ȥȥȯȟȞȔ Ȝ ȘȤȧȗȜș ȚșȥȦȢ- ȞȢȥȦȜ, ȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȡȯșȖȢȦȡȢȬșȡȜȜȗȤȔȚȘȔȡȥȞȢȗȢȡȔȥșȟșȡȜȓ ȘȢ ȜȟȜ ȖȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ȖȢȝȡȯ, ȜȟȜ ȣȤșȥȟșȘȢȖȔȡȜȓ ȣȢ ȣȢȟȜȦȜȫș- ȥȞȜȠ, ȤȔȥȢȖȯȠȜȟȜȤșȟȜȗȜȢțȡȯȠȠȢȦȜȖȔȠȖȪșȟȓȩȢȥȧȭșȥȦ- ȖȟșȡȜȓ ȜȟȜ Ȗ ȥȖȓțȜ ȥ ȟȲȕȯȠ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜșȠ, ȣȢȘȟșȚȔȭȜȠ ȲȤȜȥȘȜȞȪȜȜ ǧȤȜȕȧȡȔȟȔ, ȡșțȔȖȜȥȜȠȢ ȢȦ ȦȢȗȢ, ȓȖȟȓȟȜȥȰ ȟȜ ȱȦȜ ȘșȝȥȦȖȜȓ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜșȠ ȖȡȧȦȤșȡȡșȗȢ ȣȤȔȖȔ ȥȦȤȔȡȯ, ȗȘș ȢȡȜ ȕȯȟȜ ȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȯ, ȜȟȜ ȡșȦ.

ǥȧȞȢȖȢȘȜȦșȟȜ, ȢȤȗȔȡȜțȔȦȢȤȯ, ȣȢȘȥȦȤșȞȔȦșȟȜ Ȝ ȣȢȥȢȕ- ȡȜȞȜ, ȧȫȔȥȦȖȢȖȔȖȬȜș Ȗ ȥȢȥȦȔȖȟșȡȜȜ ȜȟȜ Ȗ ȢȥȧȭșȥȦȖȟșȡȜȜ ȢȕȭșȗȢ ȣȟȔȡȔ ȜȟȜ țȔȗȢȖȢȤȔ, ȡȔȣȤȔȖȟșȡȡȢȗȢ Ȟ ȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȜȲ ȟȲȕȯȩ Ȝț ȖȯȬșȧȣȢȠȓȡȧȦȯȩ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȝ, ȡșȥȧȦ ȢȦȖșȦ- ȥȦȖșȡȡȢȥȦȰ țȔ Ȗȥș ȘșȝȥȦȖȜȓ, ȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȡȯș ȟȲȕȯȠȜ ȟȜȪȔ- ȠȜ Ȗ Ȫșȟȓȩ ȢȥȧȭșȥȦȖȟșȡȜȓ ȦȔȞȢȗȢ ȣȟȔȡȔ».

Ǧ ȥȔȠȢȗȢ ȡȔȫȔȟȔ ȣȢȓȖȜȟȜȥȰ ȞȢȠȠșȡȦȔȤȜȜ, ȫȦȢ ǢȲȤȡȕșȤȗ- ȥȞȜȝ ȦȤȜȕȧȡȔȟ — ȱȦȢ ȡș ȕȢȟșș ȫșȠ ȣȤȜȥȦȤȔȥȦȡȢș «ȣȤȔȖȢ- ȥȧȘȜș ȣȢȕșȘȜȦșȟșȝ», ȦȔȞ ȞȔȞ ȣȢȥȟș ǗȦȢȤȢȝ ȠȜȤȢȖȢȝ ȖȢȝȡȯ ȡȔ ȠșȚȘȧȡȔȤȢȘȡȢȠ (Ȝ ȡȔ ȖȡȧȦȤȜȗȢȥȧȘȔȤȥȦȖșȡȡȢȠ) ȧȤȢȖȡș ȡșȥȢȥȦȢȓȟȢȥȰȡȜȢȘȡȢȗȢȥȧȘșȕȡȢȗȢȤȔțȕȜȤȔȦșȟȰȥȦȖȔȣȢȣȢȖȢ- Șȧ ȖȢșȡȡȯȩ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȝ Ȝ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȝ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫșȟȢȖșȫș- ȥȦȖȔ, ȥȢȖșȤȬȒȡȡȯȩǦȢȲțȡȯȠȜȘșȤȚȔȖȔȠȜ. ǣȘȡȔȞȢ, ȡȔȥȞȢȟȰ- ȞȢ ȓ țȡȔȲ, ȱȦȜ ȞȢȠȠșȡȦȔȤȜȜ ȕȯȟȜ ȣȤȜțȖȔȡȯ țȔȞȤȯȦȰ ȦșȠȧ: ǢȲȤȡȕșȤȗȥȞȜșȣȤȢȪșȥȥȯȜȣȢȥȟșȘȧȲȭȜșȥȧȘȯȡȔȘȨȔȬȜȥȦȔ- ȠȜ Ȝ Ȝȩ ȣȤȜȥȣșȬȡȜȞȔȠȜ ȡȔ ȠșȚȘȧȡȔȤȢȘȡȢȠ Ȝ ȡȔȪȜȢȡȔȟȰȡȢȠ ȧȤȢȖȡș ȘȢȟȚȡȯ ȕȯȟȜ ȥȦȔȦȰ ȢȞȢȡȫȔȦșȟȰȡȯȠ «ȥȧȘșȕȡȯȠ ȧȤș- ȗȧȟȜȤȢȖȔȡȜșȠ» ȦȢȗȢ, ȫȦȢ ȣȤȢȜțȢȬȟȢ ȖȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ǗȦȢȤȢȝ ȠȜ- ȤȢȖȢȝ ȖȢȝȡȯ, ȥȤșȘȥȦȖȔȠȜ ȧȗȢȟȢȖȡȢȗȢ ȣȤȔȖȔ. ǤȢȥȟș ȱȦȢȗȢ ȖȢ Ȗȥșȩ ȗȢȥȧȘȔȤȥȦȖȔȩ ȚȜțȡȰ ȠȢȗȟȔ ȡȔȫȔȦȰȥȓ ȥ ȫȜȥȦȢȗȢ ȟȜȥȦȔ.

6.Ǘ ȱȦȢȠ ȢȦȡȢȬșȡȜȜ ȡȔȥȦȢȓȭșș ȘșȟȢ ȢȦȟȜȫȔșȦȥȓ ȢȦ ȦȔ- ȞȜȩ Șșȟ, ȞȔȞ, ȡȔȣȤȜȠșȤ, «ǤȔȣȢȡ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ǩȤȔȡȪȜȜ». ǧȔȞȜș ȟȲȘȜ, ȞȔȞ ǤȔȣȢȡ, ȥȢȦȤȧȘȡȜȫȔȟȜ ȥ ȨȔȬȜȥȦȔȠȜ Ȝ ȡș ȜȠșȟȜ ȣȤȔȖȔ ȚȔȟȢȖȔȦȰȥȓ ȡȔ ȦȢ, ȫȦȢ Ȝȩ ȣȤȜȖȟșȞȟȜ Ȟ ȥȧȘȧ țȔ ȖȢșȡ- ȡȯșȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓȜȟȜțȔȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓȣȤȢȦȜȖȫșȟȢȖșȫșȥȦȖȔ ȥȣȧȥȦȓ ȠȡȢȗȢ ȟșȦ ȣȢȥȟș ȢȞȢȡȫȔȡȜȓ ǗȦȢȤȢȝ ȠȜȤȢȖȢȝ ȖȢȝȡȯ.

ǗȤșȬșȡȜȜ ȢȦ 15 ȡȢȓȕȤȓ 2001 ȗ. ȣȢ ȖȢȣȤȢȥȧ Ȣ ȣȤȜșȠȟșȠȢȥ- ȦȜ ȚȔȟȢȕȔ ǤȔȣȢȡȔ Ȗ ȫȔȥȦȜ, ȞȔȥȔȲȭșȝȥȓ ȣȤșȘȣȢȟȔȗȔșȠȢȗȢ ȡȔȤȧȬșȡȜȓ ȣȧȡȞȦȔ 2 ȥȦȔȦȰȜ 7 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ, ȕȯȟȔ ȢȕȮȓȖȟșȡȔ ȡșȣȤȜșȠȟșȠȢȝ Șȟȓ ȘȔȟȰȡșȝȬșȗȢ ȤȔȥȥȠȢȦȤșȡȜȓ ȣȢ ȥȧȭșȥȦȖȧ ȣȢ ȥȟșȘȧȲȭȜȠ ȢȥȡȢȖȔȡȜȓȠ:

«<…> ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȝǦȧȘȢȦȠșȫȔșȦ, ȫȦȢȣȧȡȞȦ2 ȧȣȢȠȓȡȧȦȢȝ ȖȯȬș ȥȦȔȦȰȜ 7 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ ȓȖȡȯȠ ȢȕȤȔțȢȠ ȣȤșȘȧȥȠȔȦȤȜȖȔ- șȦ, ȫȦȢȱȦȔȥȦȔȦȰȓȡșȘȢȟȚȡȔȣȤșȣȓȦȥȦȖȢȖȔȦȰȢȥȧȚȘșȡȜȲ

ȜȡȔȞȔțȔȡȜȲȟȲȕȢȗȢȟȜȪȔțȔȞȔȞȢȗȢ-ȟȜȕȢȘșȝȥȦȖȜșȜȟȜȕșțȘșȝ- ȥȦȖȜș, ȞȢȦȢȤȢș Ȗ ȠȢȠșȡȦ șȗȢ ȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȜȓ ȓȖȟȓȟȢȥȰ ȧȗȢȟȢȖȡȢ ȡȔȞȔțȧșȠȯȠ Ȗ ȥȢȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖȜȜ ȥ ȢȕȭȜȠȜ ȣȤȜȡȪȜȣȔȠȜ ȣȤȔȖȔ, ȣȤȜțȡȔȡȡȯȠȜȪȜȖȜȟȜțȢȖȔȡȡȯȠȜȥȦȤȔȡȔȠȜ. DzȦȢȧȦȖșȤȚȘșȡȜș ȢȦȡȢȥȜȦȥȓ Ȝ Ȟ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓȠ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫșȟȢȖșȫșȥȦȖȔ, Ȟ ȞȢ- ȦȢȤȯȠ, ȥȢȗȟȔȥȡȢ ȧȥȦȔȖȧ ǢȲȤȡȕșȤȗȥȞȢȗȢ ȖȢșȡȡȢȗȢ ȦȤȜȕȧȡȔ- ȟȔ, ȣȤȜȟȢȚșȡȡȢȗȢȞǡșȚȥȢȲțȡȜȫșȥȞȢȠȧȥȢȗȟȔȬșȡȜȲȢȦ8 ȔȖ- ȗȧȥȦȔ1945 ȗ., ȡșȣȤȜȠșȡȓȲȦȥȓȥȤȢȞȜȘȔȖȡȢȥȦȜ. ǕȡȔȟȢȗȜȫȡȔȓ ȡȢȤȠȔ ȥȢȘșȤȚȜȦȥȓ Ȗ ǜȔȞȢȡș ǩȤȔȡȪȜȜ ȢȦ 26 ȘșȞȔȕȤȓ 1964 ȗ., ȞȢȦȢȤȯȝȡșȣȢȥȤșȘȥȦȖșȡȡȢȥȥȯȟȔșȦȥȓȡȔȱȦȢȥȢȗȟȔȬșȡȜș, ȧȥ- ȦȔȡȔȖȟȜȖȔȓ, ȫȦȢȣȤșȥȟșȘȢȖȔȡȜșțȔȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȜșȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȝ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫșȟȢȖșȫșȥȦȖȔ ȡș ȠȢȚșȦ ȜȠșȦȰ ȥȤȢȞȔ ȘȔȖȡȢȥȦȜ (ȥȠ. ȤșȬșȡȜș ǟȢȠȜȥȥȜȜ ȣȢ ȣȤȔȖȔȠ ȫșȟȢȖșȞȔ ȢȦ 13 ȓȡȖȔȤȓ 1997 ȗ. ȣȢ Șșȟȧ «ǧȧȖȰș ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ǩȤȔȡȪȜȜ» [Touvier v. France], ȚȔȟȢȕȔ ǔ29420/95, ǦȕȢȤȡȜȞȤșȬșȡȜȝȜȘȢȞȟȔȘȢȖǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȢȝȞȢȠȜȥ- ȥȜȜȣȢȣȤȔȖȔȠȫșȟȢȖșȞȔ[DR] 88-B, ȥ. 148, 161)».

7.ǤȢȱȦȢȠȧȡȔȥȦȢȓȭșșȘșȟȢȢȦȟȜȫȔșȦȥȓȜȢȦȘșȟ, ȖȞȢȦȢȤȯȩ ȟȲȘȜ ȣȤȜȖȟșȞȔȟȜȥȰ Ȟ ȥȧȘȧ țȔ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫșȟȢ- ȖșȫșȥȦȖȔ ȜȟȜ ȖȢșȡȡȯș ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ, ȥȢȖșȤȬȒȡȡȯș ȣȢȥȟș ǗȦȢȤȢȝȠȜȤȢȖȢȝȖȢȝȡȯȜǢȲȤȡȕșȤȗȥȞȜȩȣȤȢȪșȥȥȢȖ. ǢȜȢȘȜȡ ȫșȟȢȖșȞ, ȥȢȖșȤȬȜȖȬȜȝ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫșȟȢȖșȫșȥȦ-

ȖȔ ȜȟȜ ȖȢșȡȡȯș ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ ȣȢȥȟș ǢȲȤȡȕșȤȗȔ, ȡș ȠȢȚșȦ ȥȘȢȥȦȔȦȢȫȡȯȠȜȢȥȡȢȖȔȡȜȓȠȜȧȦȖșȤȚȘȔȦȰ, ȫȦȢȢȡȡșȢȦȘȔȖȔȟ ȥșȕș ȢȦȫșȦȔ Ȗ ȩȔȤȔȞȦșȤș ȥȖȢȜȩ ȘșȝȥȦȖȜȝ. Ǘ ȱȦȢȠ ȢȦȡȢȬșȡȜȜ

ȓȥȥȯȟȔȲȥȰ șȭș Ȝ ȡȔ ȦȢ, ȞȔȞ ȤȔȥȥȧȚȘȔȟ ǚȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȝ ǦȧȘ ȖȤșȬșȡȜȜȣȢȖȢȣȤȢȥȧȢȣȤȜșȠȟșȠȢȥȦȜȚȔȟȢȕȯȣȢȘșȟȧ«Ǥș- ȡȔȤȦ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ DzȥȦȢȡȜȜ» [Penart v. Estonia] ȢȦ 4 ȓȡȖȔȤȓ 2006 ȗ. (ȚȔȟȢȕȔ ǔ 14685/04):

«<…> ǢșȥȠȢȦȤȓ ȡȔȦȢȫȦȢǢȲȤȡȕșȤȗȥȞȜȝ ȦȤȜȕȧȡȔȟȕȯȟ ȥȢțȘȔȡ Șȟȓ ȥȧȘȔ ȡȔȘ ȗȟȔȖȡȯȠȜ ȖȢșȡȡȯȠȜ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȡȜȞȔȠȜ șȖȤȢȣșȝȥȞȜȩ ȥȦȤȔȡ ȢȥȜ țȔ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯș ȢȡȜ ȥȢ- ȖșȤȬȜȟȜ ȘȢ ȜȟȜ ȖȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ǗȦȢȤȢȝ ȠȜȤȢȖȢȝ ȖȢȝȡȯ, ǚȖȤȢȣșȝ- ȥȞȜȝ ǦȧȘ ȢȦȠșȫȔșȦ, ȫȦȢ ȧȡȜȖșȤȥȔȟȰȡȔȓ ȲȤȜȘȜȫșȥȞȔȓ ȥȜȟȔ ȣȤȜȡȪȜȣȢȖ, ȞȔȥȔȲȭȜȩȥȓ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȝ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫșȟȢȖșȫȡȢȥ- ȦȜ, ȖȣȢȥȟșȘȥȦȖȜȜ ȕȯȟȔ ȣȢȘȦȖșȤȚȘșȡȔ, ȣȢȠȜȠȢ ȣȤȢȫșȗȢ, ȤșțȢȟȲȪȜșȝ ǘșȡșȤȔȟȰȡȢȝ ǕȥȥȔȠȕȟșȜ ǣȤȗȔȡȜțȔȪȜȜ ǣȕȮșȘȜ- ȡșȡȡȯȩ ǢȔȪȜȝ ǔ 95 (ȢȦ 11 ȘșȞȔȕȤȓ 1946 ȗ.), Ȕ ȣȢțȘȡșș ǟȢ- ȠȜȥȥȜșȝ ȠșȚȘȧȡȔȤȢȘȡȢȗȢ ȣȤȔȖȔ ǣǣǢ. ǦȢȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖșȡȡȢ ȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖșȡȡȢȥȦȰ țȔ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫșȟȢȖșȫșȥȦȖȔ ȡș ȠȢȚșȦ ȢȗȤȔȡȜȫȜȖȔȦȰȥȓ ȟȜȬȰ ȗȤȔȚȘȔȡȔȠȜ ȢȣȤșȘșȟșȡ- ȡȯȩ ȥȦȤȔȡ Ȝ ȜȥȞȟȲȫȜȦșȟȰȡȢ ȘșȝȥȦȖȜȓȠȜ, ȥȢȖșȤȬȒȡȡȯȠȜ ȜȠșȡȡȢ ȖȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ǗȦȢȤȢȝ ȠȜȤȢȖȢȝ ȖȢȝȡȯ. Ǘ ȥȖȓțȜ ȥ ȱȦȜȠ ǦȧȘ ȢȕȤȔȭȔșȦ ȢȥȢȕȢș ȖȡȜȠȔȡȜș ȡȔ ȦȢ, ȫȦȢ Ȗ ȣȧȡȞȦș “b” ȥȦȔȦȰȜ 1 ǟȢȡȖșȡȪȜȜ Ȣ ȡșȣȤȜȠșȡȜȠȢȥȦȜ ȥȤȢȞȔ ȘȔȖȡȢȥȦȜ Ȟ ȖȢșȡȡȯȠ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓȠ Ȝ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓȠ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫșȟȢ- ȖșȫșȥȦȖȔ ȓȥȡȢ ȥȞȔțȔȡȢ, ȫȦȢ Ȟ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȓȠ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫș- ȟȢȖșȫȡȢȥȦȜ ȡș ȣȤȜȠșȡȓȲȦȥȓ ȡȜȞȔȞȜș ȥȤȢȞȜ ȘȔȖȡȢȥȦȜ ȡș- țȔȖȜȥȜȠȢȢȦȖȤșȠșȡȜȜȩȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȜȓȜȡșțȔȖȜȥȜȠȢȢȦȦȢȗȢ, ȕȯȟȜ ȟȜ ȢȡȜ ȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȯ ȖȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ȖȢȝȡȯ ȜȟȜ Ȗ ȠȜȤȡȢș ȖȤș-

Ƞȓ <…>».

8.Ǵ ȢȦȠșȫȔȲ, ȫȦȢ ȖȟȔȥȦȜ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ ȣȤȜțȡȔȟȜ (ȥȠ. ȣȧȡȞȦ 92 ȡȔȥȦȢȓȭșȗȢ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȓ), ȫȦȢ ȥȧȘ ȡȔȘ ǟȢȡȢȡȢȖȯȠ ȠȢȚ- ȡȢ ȥȫȜȦȔȦȰ ȣȤȜȠșȤȢȠ țȔȣȢțȘȔȟȢȗȢ ȣȤȔȖȢȥȧȘȜȓ ȣȢȕșȘȜȦș- ȟșȝ, Ȕ ȦȔȞȚș ȫȦȢ ȦȔȞȢȗȢ ȤȢȘȔ ȤȔțȕȜȤȔȦșȟȰȥȦȖȔ «ȣȢȠȢȗȔȲȦ ȖȢȥȣȢȟȡȜȦȰ ȡșȘȢȥȦȔȦȞȜ ǢȲȤȡȕșȤȗȥȞȢȗȢ ȣȤȢȪșȥȥȔ». ǣȘȡȔȞȢ

ȓȖȢțȘșȤȚȧȥȰ ȢȦ ȞȢȠȠșȡȦȔȤȜșȖ ȣȢ ȣȢȖȢȘȧ ȱȦȢȗȢ ȣȢȖșȤȩȡȢȥ- ȦȡȢȗȢ ȘȢȖȢȘȔ.

9.ǤȤșȚȘș ȫșȠ ȡȔȫȔȦȰ ȤȔȥȥȠȢȦȤșȡȜș ȡșȞȢȦȢȤȯȩ Ȝț ȱȦȜȩ ȖȢȣȤȢȥȢȖ, ȓȘȢȟȚșȡȣȢȓȥȡȜȦȰ, ȫȦȢȠȢșȖȢȥȣȤȜȓȦȜșȢȞȤȔȬșȡȢ ȠȢȜȠ ȥȢȕȥȦȖșȡȡȯȠ ȡȔȪȜȢȡȔȟȰȡȯȠ ȣȤȢȜȥȩȢȚȘșȡȜșȠ. Ǵ ȤȢ- ȘȜȟȥȓ Ȗ ǢȜȘșȤȟȔȡȘȔȩ ȥȤȔțȧ ȣȢȥȟș ǗȦȢȤȢȝ ȠȜȤȢȖȢȝ ȖȢȝȡȯ Ȝ ȖȯȤȢȥ ȥ ȢȭȧȭșȡȜșȠ, ȫȦȢ ȨȔȬȜȥȦȯ Ȝ Ȝȩ ȣȢȥȢȕȡȜȞȜ Șșȝ- ȥȦȖȢȖȔȟȜ ȡșȣȤȔȖȜȟȰȡȢ, ȔȦș, ȞȦȢȥȤȔȚȔȟȥȓȣȤȢȦȜȖȡȜȩ (ȖȦȢȠ ȫȜȥȟșȜȕȢȝȪȯȢȦȤȓȘȢȖȥȢȣȤȢȦȜȖȟșȡȜȓ), ȖȢȖȥșȠȕȯȟȜȣȤȔȖȯ. ǟȔȞȜșȕȯȘșȝȥȦȖȜȓȡȜȣȤșȘȣȤȜȡȜȠȔȟȜȢȦȤȓȘȯȥȢȣȤȢȦȜȖȟșȡȜȓ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȢȞȞȧȣȔȪȜȢȡȡȯȩ ȡșȠșȪȞȜȩ ȥȜȟ ȜȟȜ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȥȢȦȤȧȘȡȜ- ȫȔȖȬȜȩ ȥ ȡȜȠȜ ȣȢȘȘȔȡȡȯȩ ǢȜȘșȤȟȔȡȘȢȖ, ȢȡȜ ȖȥșȗȘȔ ȥȤȔȚȔ- ȟȜȥȰțȔȣȤȔȖȢșȘșȟȢ. ǚȥȟȜȢȦȤȓȘȯȥȢȣȤȢȦȜȖȟșȡȜȓțȔȥȦȔȖȟȓȟȜ ȠȢȟȫȔȦȰ ȞȢȟȟȔȕȢȤȔȪȜȢȡȜȥȦȢȖ, ȘȢȡȢȥȜȖȬȜȩ ȡȔ șȖȤșșȖ ȜȟȜ ȥȞȤȯȖȔȲȭȜȩȥȓ ȟȜȪ, ȢȡȜ ȣȢȥȦȧȣȔȟȜ ȣȤȔȖȜȟȰȡȢ. ǝ Ȗ ȥȟȧȫȔș, șȥȟȜ ȣȢȥȟș ȖȢȝȡȯ ȫșȟȢȖșȞ, ȖȢșȖȔȖȬȜȝ Ȗ ȢȦȤȓȘș ȥȢȣȤȢȦȜȖȟș- ȡȜȓ, ȣȤȜțȡȔȖȔȟȥȓ ȖȜȡȢȖȡȯȠ Ȗ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȜ, ȥȢȖșȤȬȒȡȡȢȠ ȖȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ȖȢȝȡȯ, ȱȦȢ, ȤȔțȧȠșșȦȥȓ, ȜȠșȟȢ ȢȦȡȢȬșȡȜș ȡș Ȟ șȗȢ ȡșȟșȗȔȟȰȡȢȝ ȤȔȕȢȦș, Ȕ ȟȜȬȰ Ȟ ȥȖșȘșȡȜȲ ȟȜȫȡȯȩ ȥȫșȦȢȖ ȜȟȜ Ȟ ȢȕȯȫȡȢȠȧ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȲ.

ǢȔȥȞȢȟȰȞȢ ȓ țȡȔȲ, Ȗ ǢȜȘșȤȟȔȡȘȔȩ ȖȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ǗȦȢȤȢȝ ȠȜȤȢ- ȖȢȝ ȖȢȝȡȯ ȡș ȕȯȟȢ ȣȤȜȠșȤȢȖ ȦȢȗȢ, ȫȦȢȕȯ ȢȞȞȧȣȔȪȜȢȡȡȯș ȥȜȟȯ ȣȢȥȦȔȖȟȓȟȜ ȢȤȧȚȜș «ȣȢȘȘȔȡȡȯȠ» ǢȜȘșȤȟȔȡȘȢȖ, ȢȣȔ- ȥȔȖȬȜȠȥȓ ȢȦȖșȦȡȯȩ ȘșȝȥȦȖȜȝ ȢȦȤȓȘȢȖ ȥȢȣȤȢȦȜȖȟșȡȜȓ.

10.Ǵ ȧȕșȚȘșȡ, ȫȦȢ ȖȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ǗȦȢȤȢȝ ȠȜȤȢȖȢȝ ȖȢȝȡȯ ȥȜ- ȦȧȔȪȜȓ Ȗ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ ȕȯȟȔ ȕȢȟșș ȥȟȢȚȡȢȝ, ȫșȠ Ȗ ǢȜȘșȤȟȔȡȘȔȩ. ǢșȦ ȡșȢȕȩȢȘȜȠȢȥȦȜ ȖȯȥȞȔțȯȖȔȦȰȥȓ ȣȢ ȣȢȖȢȘȧ ȧȦȖșȤȚȘșȡȜȓ ȖȟȔȥȦșȝ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ Ȣ ȦȢȠ, ȫȦȢ ȥȦȤȔȡȔ ȡȔȩȢȘȜȟȔȥȰ ȣȢȘ «ȘȖȢȝȡȢȝ ȢȞȞȧȣȔȪȜșȝ», ȡȢ ȓȥȡȢ, ȫȦȢ Ȗ 1940 ȗȢȘȧǠȔȦȖȜȓ ȕȯȟȔ ȖȞȟȲȫș- ȡȔ Ȗ ȥȢȥȦȔȖ ǦǦǦǥ, Ȕ 22 ȜȲȡȓ 1941 ȗ. ȨȔȬȜȥȦȥȞȔȓ ǘșȤȠȔȡȜȓ ȡȔȣȔȟȔ ȡȔ ǦǦǦǥ Ȝ Ȗ ȥȖȓțȜ ȥ ȱȦȜȠ ȢȞȞȧȣȜȤȢȖȔȟȔ ȦșȤȤȜȦȢȤȜȲ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ, ȫȦȢȕȯ ȥȘșȟȔȦȰ șș ȫȔȥȦȰȲ ȡșȠșȪȞȢȗȢ ȤșȝȩȔ. ǠȔȦȖȜȓ ȕȯȟȔ ȢȞȞȧȣȜȤȢȖȔȡȔ 5 ȜȲȟȓ 1941 ȗ. ǤȢțȘȡșș ǟȤȔȥȡȔȓ ǕȤȠȜȓ ȣȢȣȯȦȔȟȔȥȰ ȖșȤȡȧȦȰ ȧȦȤȔȫșȡȡȧȲ ǦǦǦǥ ȦșȤȤȜȦȢȤȜȲ. ǢȔ ȢȞ-

ȞȧȣȜȤȢȖȔȡȡȢȝȦșȤȤȜȦȢȤȜȜȥȔȠȢȝǠȔȦȖȜȜȘȜȖșȤȥȜȢȡȡȯșȔȞȦȯ ȢȥȧȭșȥȦȖȟȓȟȜȥȰ ȥȣșȪȜȔȟȰȡȢ ȢȕȧȫșȡȡȯȠȜ ȣȢȘȤȯȖȡȜȞȔȠȜ- ȞȤȔȥȡȢȔȤȠșȝȪȔȠȜ Ȝ «ȞȤȔȥȡȯȠȜ ȣȔȤȦȜțȔȡȔȠȜ».

ǴȘȢȟȚșȡȣȤȜțȡȔȦȰ, ȫȦȢȖȦȢȦȠȢȠșȡȦȓȡșȤȔȥȥȠȔȦȤȜȖȔȟȖȢț- ȠȢȚȡȢȥȦȜȦȢȗȢ, ȫȦȢȡșȠșȪȞȜșȢȞȞȧȣȔȡȦȯȖȦȔȞȜȩȥȦȤȔȡȔȩ, ȞȔȞ ǠȔȦȖȜȓ, ȠȢȗȟȜ ȖșȥȦȜ ȥșȕȓ ȜȡȔȫș, ȫșȠ Ȗ ȘȤȧȗȜȩ ȗȢȥȧȘȔȤȥȦȖȔȩ, șȥȟȜ, ȞȢȡșȫȡȢ, ȠȢȚȡȢȣȤșȘȣȢȟȢȚȜȦȰ, ȫȦȢ, ȖȢȦȟȜȫȜșȢȦȘȤȧȗȜȩ ȢȞȞȧȣȜȤȢȖȔȡȡȯȩ ȥȦȤȔȡ, Ȗ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ ȢȡȜ ȡș ȥȢȖșȤȬȔȟȜ ȖȢșȡȡȯȩ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȝ ȜȟȜ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜȝ ȣȤȢȦȜȖ ȫșȟȢȖșȫșȥȦȖȔ. ǚȥȟȜ ȕȯ ȱȦȢ ȘșȝȥȦȖȜȦșȟȰȡȢ ȕȯȟȢ ȦȔȞ, ȡșȞȢȦȢȤȯȩ ȚȜȦșȟșȝ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ ȠȢȚȡȢ ȕȯȟȢ ȕȯ ȣȤȢȥȦȜȦȰ țȔ ȦȢ, ȫȦȢ ȢȡȜ ȥȢȫȟȜ ȤȔțȧȠȡȯȠ ȥȢ- ȦȤȧȘȡȜȫȔȦȰ ȥ ȱȦȜȠȜ ȢȞȞȧȣȔȪȜȢȡȡȯȠȜ ȥȜȟȔȠȜ. ǧșȠ ȡș Ƞșȡșș,

ȣȤȢȫȜȦȔȖȤȔțȘșȟ«ǕȗȤșȥȥȜȖȡȔȓȖȢȝȡȔȣȤȢȦȜȖǦȢȲțȔǦȢȖșȦȥ- ȞȜȩǦȢȪȜȔȟȜȥȦȜȫșȥȞȜȩǥșȥȣȧȕȟȜȞ» ȖȣȤȜȗȢȖȢȤșǡșȚȘȧȡȔȤȢȘ-

ȡȢȗȢ ȖȢșȡȡȢȗȢ ȦȤȜȕȧȡȔȟȔ Șȟȓ ȥȧȘȔ ȡȔȘ ȗȟȔȖȡȯȠȜ ȡșȠșȪȞȜȠȜ ȖȢșȡȡȯȠȜȣȤșȥȦȧȣȡȜȞȔȠȜ(ǢȲȤȡȕșȤȗȥȞȜȝȦȤȜȕȧȡȔȟ, ȣȤȜȗȢȖȢȤ ȢȦ1 ȢȞȦȓȕȤȓ1946 ȗ.) ȜȢțȡȔȞȢȠȜȖȬȜȥȰȥȣȢȟȧȫșȡȡȯȠȜȜțȘȤȧ- ȗȜȩȜȥȦȢȫȡȜȞȢȖȥȖșȘșȡȜȓȠȜȢȠȔȥȥȢȖȯȩȧȕȜȝȥȦȖȔȩ, ȢȥȢȕșȡȡȢ ȠȧȚȫȜȡ, ȚșȡȭȜȡȜȘșȦșȝșȖȤșȝȥȞȢȗȢȜȪȯȗȔȡȥȞȢȗȢȣȤȢȜȥȩȢȚ- ȘșȡȜȓ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯșȣȤȢȜȥȩȢȘȜȟȜȖǠȔȦȖȜȜȖȢȖȤșȠȓȡșȠșȪȞȢȝȢȞ- ȞȧȣȔȪȜȜ, ȓ ȔȕȥȢȟȲȦȡȢ ȧȕșȚȘșȡ, ȫȦȢ ȱȦȢ ȕȯȟȢ ȥȢȖȥșȠ ȡș ȦȔȞ.

ǗȱȦȢȠ ȖȢȣȤȢȥș ȓ ȥȢȗȟȔȥșȡ ȥ ȥȢȘșȤȚȔȭȜȠȥȓ Ȗ ȣȢȥȦȔȡȢȖȟșȡȜȜ (ȣȧȡȞȦ130) ȖȯȖȢȘȢȠ, ȫȦȢȣȤȢȡȔȪȜȥȦȥȞȢȝȣȢțȜȪȜȜȜȟȜȔȞȦȜȖ- ȡȢȠȧ ȥȢȦȤȧȘȡȜȫșȥȦȖȧ ȥ ȨȔȬȜȥȦȔȠȜ ȡș ȠȢȗȟȢ ȕȯȦȰ ȡȜȞȔȞȢȗȢ ȢȣȤȔȖȘȔȡȜȓ, Ȗ ȦȢȠ ȫȜȥȟș Ȝ Ȗ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ.

11. ǜȔȓȖȜȦșȟȰ ǟȢȡȢȡȢȖ, ȤȢȘȜȖȬȜȝȥȓ Ȗ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ Ȝ ȚȜȖȬȜȝ ȦȔȠ ȘȢ ȡșȠșȪȞȢȝ ȢȞȞȧȣȔȪȜȜ, ȖȢșȖȔȟ Ȗ ȥȢȥȦȔȖș ȢȘȡȢȝ Ȝț ȥȣș- ȪȜȔȟȰȡȢ ȣȢȘȗȢȦȢȖȟșȡȡȯȩ ȥȢȖșȦȥȞȜȩ ȘȜȖșȤȥȜȢȡȡȯȩ ȗȤȧȣȣ. Ǘ ȨșȖȤȔȟș 1944 ȗȢȘȔ ȣȔȤȦȜțȔȡȥȞȜȝ ȢȦȤȓȘ ȣȢȘ ȞȢȠȔȡȘȢȖȔ- ȡȜșȠ ȡșȞȢșȗȢ ȠȔȝȢȤȔ ǬȧȗȧȡȢȖȔ ȧȞȤȯȟȥȓ Ȗ ȘșȤșȖȡș ǡȔȟȯș ǖȔȦȯ. ǦȢȗȟȔȥȡȢ ȦȢȠȧ, ȫȦȢ ȗȢȖȢȤȜȟȢȥȰ Ȗ ȤșȬșȡȜȜ ǟȢȟȟșȗȜȜ ȣȢ ȧȗȢȟȢȖȡȯȠ ȘșȟȔȠ ǗșȤȩȢȖȡȢȗȢ ȥȧȘȔ ǠȔȦȖȜȜ ȢȦ 30 ȔȣȤșȟȓ 2004 ȗ., ȢȘȜȡ Ȝț ȚȜȦșȟșȝ ȘșȤșȖȡȜ ǡȔȟȯș ǖȔȦȯ ȖȯȘȔȟ Ȝȩ ȡș- ȠȪȔȠ, ȔȢȡȜȧȡȜȫȦȢȚȜȟȜȢȦȤȓȘ. ǤȢȠȡșȡȜȲțȔȓȖȜȦșȟȓ, ȞȱȦȢ- Ƞȧ ȜȠșȟȜ ȢȦȡȢȬșȡȜș ȠȡȢȗȜș ȘȤȧȗȜș ȚȜȦșȟȜ ȘșȤșȖȡȜ. ǟȔȞ ȕȯ ȦȢ ȡȜ ȕȯȟȢ, ȣȢȥȟș ȱȦȢȗȢ ȡșȠȪȯ ȤȔțȘȔȟȜ ȞȔȞȢȠȧ-ȦȢ ȫȜȥȟȧ ȚȜȦșȟșȝ ȘșȤșȖȡȜ ȣȢ ȢȘȡȢȝ ȖȜȡȦȢȖȞș, ȕȢșȣȤȜȣȔȥȯ Ȝ ȣȢ ȘȖș ȗȤȔȡȔȦȯ. Ǘ ǡȔȟȯș ǖȔȦȯ ȕȯȟ ȣȢȥȟȔȡ ȘȤȧȗȢȝ ȣȔȤȦȜțȔȡȥȞȜȝ ȢȦȤȓȘ ȣȢȘ ȞȢȠȔȡȘȢȖȔȡȜșȠ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȓ. 27 ȠȔȓ 1944 ȗ. ȣȔȤȦȜ- țȔȡȯ ȖȢȤȖȔȟȜȥȰ Ȗ ȘșȤșȖȡȲ, ȣȤȢȜțȖșȟȜ Ȗ ȡșȥȞȢȟȰȞȜȩ ȘȢȠȔȩ ȢȕȯȥȞ Ȝ ȧȕȜȟȜ ȠȧȚȫȜȡ Ȝ ȚșȡȭȜȡ — Ȗ ȦȢȠ ȫȜȥȟș ȢȘȡȧ ȕș- ȤșȠșȡȡȧȲ ȚșȡȭȜȡȧ, — Ȗ ȘȢȠȔȩ ȞȢȦȢȤȯȩ ȢȡȜ ȡȔȬȟȜ ȣȢȟȧ- ȫșȡȡȢș ȢȦ ȡșȠȪșȖ ȢȤȧȚȜș.

12. Ǩ Ƞșȡȓ ȡșȦ ȡȜȞȔȞȜȩ ȥȢȠȡșȡȜȝ Ȗ ȦȢȠ, ȫȦȢ ȥșȗȢȘȡȓ, ȢȪșȡȜȖȔȓ ȱȦȜ ȥȢȕȯȦȜȓ ȣȢ ȜȥȦșȫșȡȜȜ ȠȡȢȗȜȩ ȟșȦ, ȧȕȜȝȥȦȖȢ ȠȧȚȫȜȡȜȚșȡȭȜȡ27 ȠȔȓ1944 ȗ. ȠȢȚȡȢȥȫȜȦȔȦȰȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟș- ȡȜșȠ. ǢȔȖșȤȡȢș, ȠȢȚȡȢȣȢȡȓȦȰ, ȫȦȢȣȔȤȦȜțȔȡȯȩȢȦșȟȜȢȦȢȠ- ȥȦȜȦȰ țȔ ȣȤșȘȔȦșȟȰȥȦȖȢ Ȝ ȣȢȥȟșȘȧȲȭșș ȧȡȜȫȦȢȚșȡȜș ȥȖȢȜȩ ȦȢȖȔȤȜȭșȝ ȜȟȜ ȘȔȚș ȥȦȤșȠȜȟȜȥȰ ȣȤșȣȢȘȔȦȰ ȧȤȢȞ ȚȜȦșȟȓȠ ȘȤȧȗȜȩ ȟȔȦȖȜȝȥȞȜȩ ȘșȤșȖșȡȰ, ȞȢȦȢȤȯș ȦȔȞȚș ȠȢȗȟȜ ȣȢȝȦȜ ȡȔ ȥȢȦȤȧȘȡȜȫșȥȦȖȢ ȥ ȢȞȞȧȣȔȪȜȢȡȡȯȠȜ ȡșȠșȪȞȜȠȜ ȥȜȟȔȠȜ. ǧșȠ ȡș Ƞșȡșș ȜȠ ȥȟșȘȢȖȔȟȢ ȡș ȣȤȜȕșȗȔȦȰ Ȟ ȣȤȜȡȪȜȣȧ «ȢȞȢ țȔ ȢȞȢ», Ȕ ȜțȕȤȔȦȰ ȞȔȞȢȝ-ȡȜȕȧȘȰ ȘȤȧȗȢȝ ȥȣȢȥȢȕ. ǙȔȚș Ȗ ȧȥ- ȟȢȖȜȓȩ ȖȢȝȡȯ, ȘșȟȔȓ ȣȢȣȤȔȖȞȧ ȡȔ ȦȤȧȘȡȢȥȦȜ, ȥ ȞȢȦȢȤȯȠȜ ȥȦȢȟȞȡȧȟȥȓ ȣȔȤȦȜțȔȡȥȞȜȝ ȢȦȤȓȘ, ȣȢȟȧȫȜȖȬȜȝ ȣȤȜȞȔț țȔȩȖȔ- ȦȜȦȰ ȞȢȟȟȔȕȢȤȔȪȜȢȡȜȥȦȢȖ Ȗ ȣȟșȡ Ȝ ȣșȤșȖșțȦȜ Ȝȩ Ȗ ȕșțȢȣȔȥ- ȡȢș ȠșȥȦȢ, ȫȦȢȕȯ țȔȦșȠ ȣȤșȘȔȦȰ Ȝȩ ȥȧȘȧ, ȢȡȜ ȡș ȘȢȟȚȡȯ ȕȯȟȜ ȧȕȜȖȔȦȰ ȱȦȜȩ ȟȲȘșȝ ȡȔ ȠșȥȦș. ǟȤȢȠș ȦȢȗȢ, ȡșȞȢȦȢȤȯș Ȝț ȱȦȜȩ ȧȕȜȝȥȦȖ ȕȯȟȜ ȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȯ ȥ ȢȥȢȕȢȝ ȚșȥȦȢȞȢȥȦȰȲ. ǝ ȩȢȦȓ ȟȔȦȖȜȝȥȞȜș ȥȧȘȯ ȣȤȜȬȟȜ Ȟ ȖȯȖȢȘȧ, ȫȦȢ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȰ ȥȔȠ ȡș ȥȢȖșȤȬȔȟ ȱȦȜȩ ȧȕȜȝȥȦȖ, ȧȞȔțȔȡȡȯș ȘșȝȥȦȖȜȓ ȕȯȟȜ ȥȢȖșȤȬșȡȯȣȢȘșȗȢȤȧȞȢȖȢȘȥȦȖȢȠ, ȜȣȢȱȦȢȠȧȢȡȞȔȞȣȢȟșȖȢȝ ȞȢȠȔȡȘȜȤ, ȢȥȧȭșȥȦȖȟȓȖȬȜȝ ȞȢȡȦȤȢȟȰ ȡȔȘ ȢȣșȤȔȪȜșȝ, ȣȢ-ȖȜ- ȘȜȠȢȠȧ, ȡșȥ ȢȦȖșȦȥȦȖșȡȡȢȥȦȰ țȔ ȦȢ, ȫȦȢ ȣȤȢȜțȢȬȟȢ.

13. ǙȢȟȚșȡ ȟȜ ȕȯȟ țȔȓȖȜȦșȟȰ Ȗ ȦȢ ȖȤșȠȓ ȢȦȘȔȖȔȦȰ ȥșȕș ȢȦȫșȦ Ȗ ȦȢȠ, ȫȦȢ Ȣȡ ȥȢȖșȤȬȔșȦ ȣȤșȥȦȧȣȟșȡȜș?

ǴȫȧȦȰȕȢȟȰȬșȥȢȠȡșȖȔȲȥȰȖȦȢȠ, ȫȦȢȢȦȖșȦȡȔȱȦȢȦȖȢȣȤȢȥ ȧȦȖșȤȘȜȦșȟȰȡȯȝ. ǟȔȞ ȓ ȧȚș ȢȦȠșȦȜȟ ȤȔȡșș, ȠȢȚȡȢ ȣȢȡȓȦȰ,