Экзамен Зачет Учебный год 2023 / Генетика количественные гены-1
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2 – ; 2z –
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, , 2, r b
( ).
21.4.3.
[4, . 235-238].
21.6. .
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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 14.
. . . . 2- ., ., ., – : , 2011. –134 .
32
, 3-5 7
( . 21.6.) , -
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( . «
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* [4, . 236], , Ti
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rw
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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 14.
. . . . 2- ., ., ., – : , 2011. –134 .
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) ( -
):
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) -
. [5]:
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)
:
z2 Cz = 23 : 77,4 = 0,30
Cy
)
.
:
2x + 2z = 0,70 + 0,30 = 1,00
)
):
–: v = –1 = 30–1 = 29;
–: v = –1 = 7–1= 6;
–: v = = 29 – 6 = 23.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 14.
. . . . 2- ., ., ., – : , 2011. –134 .
34
) :
( 2y),
–( 2x)
–( 2z).
, , z, ( . 21.9).
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2) ( 2 ),
. :
–2 ( 2 ,
. 21.9);
–2z . 21.9);
–(n0) [4, .
237].
) (n0) -
20:
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) ( 2 ) 21:
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 14.
. . . . 2- ., ., ., – : , 2011. –134 .
35
A2  | 
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2 9,1 1,0
A 1,84 4,4
3)
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, -
-
. ,
65% .
35% .
21.4.4. -
,
(h2), (rw) -
(rG) -
, -
.
21.5.
, -
,
(R), ( -
).
:
R=  | 
	x  | 
	–  | 
	x  | 
	,  | 
	(22)  | 
, –
, -
, .
( -
).
21.6.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 14.
. . . . 2- ., ., ., – : , 2011. –134 .
36
( x ) -
( x ), -
:
Sd =  | 
	x  | 
	–  | 
	x  | 
	
  | 
	(23)  | 
(R) -
(Sd) h 2 -
:
R = h2 Sd  | 
	(24)  | 
, -
(h2) (Sd), -
R, .
21.7.
(Sd) -
( )
I, :
I = Sd :  | 
	(25)  | 
« -» – « ».
(25) , Sd = I . -
(24), , . ,
:
R h2 I P  | 
	(26)  | 
(26) , -
(h2) (I), (R).
-
– , (I)
(R). -
(h2) -
. ( 2) -
( G2) -
. , , (h2)
(R).
-
-
. -
, -
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 14.
. . . . 2- ., ., ., – : , 2011. –134 .
37
, . ,
.
100%, -
. -
-
h2. ,
. IG,
IP,
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h2, 1, IG  | 
	= IP.  | 
	h2,  | 
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IP:100, IG=100%, . ,  | 
||||||||
21.10.  | 
	
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21.10 - IG IP h2 [2]  | 
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IP  | 
	
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(%)  | 
	1,0  | 
	0,75  | 
	
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	0,50  | 
	
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|
1  | 
	1  | 
	1,33  | 
	
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	200  | 
	
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	10,0  | 
|
3  | 
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	30,0  | 
|
5  | 
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	6,66  | 
	
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	50,0  | 
|
10  | 
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	13,33  | 
	
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	100,0  | 
|
20  | 
	20,0  | 
	26,66  | 
	
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	100 h2=0,2  | 
|
25  | 
	25,0  | 
	33,3  | 
	
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	h2=0,3  | 
|
30  | 
	30,0  | 
	40,0  | 
	
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	60,0  | 
	
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	h2=0,40  | 
|
40  | 
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	53,2  | 
	
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||
50  | 
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	66,7  | 
	
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|
. 21.10 , -
1-3%
,
h2. , ,
. , -
.
,
,
, . , -
, ,
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 14.
. . . . 2- ., ., ., – : , 2011. –134 .
38
, -
-
, [2].
21.8.
(1943)
(rG) . -
-
« -
». ,
. ,
( , , -
)
( ) -
.
-
, -
, . , -
:
1), rxd x m ;
2), ryd y m ;
3), rxd y m ;
4), ryd x m .
r -
, -
:
r  | 
	(28 )  | 
rxd ym ryd x m ,  | 
|
G  | 
	rxd xm ryd ym  | 
  | 
, r
«+» «–», r -
. r -
( «–»), – ( «+»),
:
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 14.
. . . . 2- ., ., ., – : , 2011. –134 .
39
(rxd ym ryd xm ) : 2  | 
	(29)  | 
rG  | 
	,  | 
rxd xm ryd ym  | 
	
  | 
xd, xm d m -
( -
, ). -
, . -
.
-
. (rG)
, -
.
rG , -
, ,
, .
-
-
.
. -
-
.
, -
( ) ,
. ,
, -
.
, , -
, -
.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 14.
. . . . 2- ., ., ., – : , 2011. –134 .
40
– (
).
( ) ( -
).
– , -
,
.
.
( .: , , -
) – , -
. , -
, . ( :
« »).
– ,
(Sd) -
( ).
(h2) – , -
. -
, -
.
– -
.
– -
.
– -
; -
, , . -
.
–
-
.
– , -
,
; , -
( ) -
.
– , -
( ),
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
. . 14.
. . . . 2- ., ., ., – : , 2011. –134 .
