Miller Modern Principles of Business Law 2012
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TABLE OF CASES
For your convenience and reference, here is a list of all the cases mentioned in this text, including those within the footnotes, features, and case problems. Any case that was an excerpted case for a chapter is given special emphasis by having its title boldfaced.
A
Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc., 186
Access Organics, Inc. v. Hernandez, 234–235
Accrued Financial Services, Inc. v. Prime Retail, Inc., 282 Adjani, United States v., 46
Alaska Bussell Electric Co. v. Vern Hickel Construction Co., 238
Alberty-Vélez v. Corporación de Puerto Rico para la Difusión Pública, 384
Alexander v. Lafayette Crime Stoppers, Inc., 214–216
Alexander v. Meduna, 263
Allan v. Nersesova, 287–288
Allred v. Capital Area Soccer League, Inc., 98 Almy v. Grisham, 107
Amazon.com, LLC v. New York State Department of Taxation and Finance, 437
American Library Association, United States v., 42 America Online, Inc. v. AT&T Corp., 114
A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 126 Anchor Glass Container Corp., In re, 333 Anderson v. Mergenhagen, 85
Angelos, United States v., 159
Angelo Todesca Corp., Commonwealth v., 438 Aqua Clear Technologies, Inc., In re, 450 Ardito v. City of Providence, 193
Arizona Tile, LLC v. Berger, 468 Arizona v. Johnson, 166
Armenian Assembly of America, Inc. v. Cafesjian, 447 Asch Webhosting, Inc. v. Adelphia Business Solutions
Investment, LLC, 320
Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition, 44 Ashley County, Arkansas v. Pfizer, Inc., 186
AT&T Mobility, LLC v. National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc, 303
Aul v. Golden Rule Insurance Co., 249 Autry v. Republic Productions, 298
Azur v. Chase Bank, USA, 395–396
B
Bad Frog Brewery, Inc. v. New York State Liquor Authority, 40–41
Bailey v. Turnbow, 264
Baker v. Osborne Development Corp., 78 Balboa Island Village Inn, Inc. v. Lemen, 53 Banks v. Elks Club Pride of Tennessee, 108 Bannister v. Bemis Co., Inc., 304
Barrand v. Whataburger, Inc., 212 Barrs v. Acree, 408
Basis Technology Corp. v. Amazon.com, Inc., 212–213
Baum v. Blue Moon Ventures, LLC, 171
Bazak International Corp. v. Tarrant Apparel Group, 337 Bear, Inc. v. Smith, 468
Bernhard-Thomas Building Systems, LLC v. Duncan, 87 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Co. v. Seaway Marine
Transport, 80
Beydoun, United States v., 115 Bilski, In re, 121
Bishop v. Housing Authority of South Bend, 254
Black Hills Investments, Inc. v. Albertson’s, Inc., 206–207 Blackmon v. Iverson, 234
Black v. United States, 148
Blackwell Publishing, Inc. v. Custom Copies, 136 Board of Supervisors of Louisiana State University v.
Smack Apparel Co., 114 Booker, United States v., 159 Boschetto v. Hansing, 62 Boyle v. Christensen, 94
Braude & Margulies, P.C. v. Fireman’s Fund Insurance Co., 233
Bridgeport Music, Inc. v. Dimension Films, 125 Briefing.com v. Jones, 134
BRJM, LLC v. Output Systems, Inc., 279 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 11
Brown v. W. P. Media, Inc., 445
B-Sharp Musical Productions, Inc. v. Haber, 311–312
BUC International Corp. v. International Yacht Council, Ltd., 123
Buckeye Check Cashing, Inc. v. Cardegna, 72 Bucklin v. Morelli, 322
Buell-Wilson v. Ford Motor Co., 80 Burck v. Mars, Inc., 86
Busch v. Viacom International, Inc., 82 Bush v. U.S. Department of Justice, 64
C
Café Erotica v. Florida Department of Transportation, 40 Café Erotica/We Dare to Bare v. Florida Department of
Transportation, 40
Camp v. TNT Logistics Corp., 107
Canfield v. Health Communications, Inc., 117 Cape-France Enterprises v. Estate of Peed, 299 Carlson v. Monaco Coach Corp., 353 Carman, In re, 343
Castillo v. Barrera, 254
Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Lockyer, 52
Chan v. Chen, 408 Chavers v. Epsco, Inc., 415
Christopher v. SmithKlein [SmithKline] Beecham Corp, 347
Citizens Communications Co. v. Trustmark Insurance, 203
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 40 CleanFlicks of Colorado, LLC v. Soderbergh, 187
TC–1
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TC–2 Table of Cases
Coady v. Cross County Bank, 249
Coca-Cola Co. v. Babyback’s International, Inc., 268
The Coca-Cola Co. v. The Koke Co. of America, 111–112
Cohen v. Seinfeld, 323
Coleman v. Retina Consultants, P.C., 255 Columbia Pictures Industries v. Bunnell, 129
Comedy Club, Inc. v. Improv West Associates, 247–248
Commerce Bancorp, Inc. v. BK International Insurance Brokers, Ltd., 238
Commonwealth v. __________. See name of party Consolidated Edison Co. v. Public Service
Commission, 40
Cousins v. Realty Ventures, Inc., 389
Covenant Health & Rehabilitation of Picayune, LP v. Lumpkin, 78
Crummey v. Morgan, 62 Curley v. Kaiser, 422
D
Davis v. O’Melveny & Myers, LLC, 74
Department of Housing and Urban Development v. Rucker, 141
DeRosier v. Utility Systems of America, 379 Diamond v. Diehr, 121
Dickerson v. United States, 157 District of Columbia v. Heller, 38 Dodson v. Shrader, 241
Doe II v. MySpace, Inc., 105 Doe v. Chao, 52
Drake v. Hance, 314–315
E
East Brunswick Sewerage Authority v. East Mill Associates, Inc., 206
East Capitol View Community Development Corp., Inc. v. Robinson, 301
eBay, Inc. v. MercExchange, LLC, 122
1861 Group, LLC v. Wild Oats Markets, Inc., 239–240
Eldred v. Ashcroft, 123
Englert v. Nutritional Sciences, LLC, 194
Episcopal Church Cases, In re, 42–43
ESPN, Inc. v. Quiksilver, Inc., 114
Esprit Log and Timber Frame Homes, Inc. v. Wilcox, 278 Estate of ___________. See name of party
Eubanks v. Northwest Herald Newspapers, 108
F
Family Winemakers of California v. Jenkins, 35–37
Fariba v. Dealer Services Corp., 349 Feldman v. Google, Inc., 222
1545 Ocean Avenue, LLC, In re, 434
First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, 40 Fitl v. Strek, 369
Flint Hills Resources LP v. Jag Energy, Inc., 379 Florine On Call, Ltd. v. Fluorogas Limited, 212
Fog Cutter Capital Group, Inc. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, 178–179
Fogel v. Enterprise Leasing Co. of Chicago, 262
Forest Diamonds, Inc. v. Aminov Diamonds, LLC, 347 Fox & Lamberth Enterprises, Inc. v. Craftsmen Home
Improvement, Inc., 353
Frank Coluccio Construction Co., Inc. v. King County, 304 Frosty Treats, Inc. v. Sony Computer Entertainment
America, Inc., 114
G
Gaming Venture, Inc. v. Tastee Restaurant Corp., 245 Ganno v. Lanoga Corp., 346
Gantler v. Stephens, 467
Garden City Boxing Club, Inc. v. Dominguez, 411 Gaskill v. Robbins, 433
Gatton v. T-Mobile USA, Inc., 249 Gavegnano v. TLT Construction Corp., 268
George S. May International Co. v. Xcentric Ventures, LLC, 77
George v. Commonwealth of Virginia, 143 Gibbons v. Ogden, 34
Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., 74 Gleeson v. Preferred Sourcing, LLC, 129 Golight, Inc. v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 134 Gonsalves v. Montgomery, 343
Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficiente Uniao Do Vegetal, 45
Gonzales v. Raich, 35
Great White Bear, LLC v. Mervyns, 337 Griffith v. Clear Lakes Trout Co., 353 Griswold v. Connecticut, 48
Gubbins v. Hurson, 102 Gunasekera v. Irwin, 52
Guth v. Loft, Inc., 454–455
Gutkowski v. Steinbrenner, 207
H
Hadley v. Baxendale, 309
Hagen v. Distributed Solutions, Inc., 462 Hall, United States v., 52
Hamer v. Sidway, 232 Hammer v. Thompson, 331 Hartwell, United States v., 46
Hasbro, Inc. v. Internet Entertainment Group, Ltd., 117 Hausman, In re, 444
Havensure, LLC v. Prudential Insurance Co. of America, 186
Hawkins v. McGee, 210
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, 34 Helmer v. Bingham Toyota Isuzu, 263 Henry v. Blankenship, 278
Herring v. United States, 154–155
Hialeah Automotive, LLC v. Basulto, 254 Hochster v. De La Tour, 295
Hooten v. Jensen, 264
Horphag Research, Ltd. v. Garcia, 135
Houseman v. Dare, 365–366
Howard, United States v., 186 Hubbert v. Dell Corp., 230
Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell, 82
I
Inkel v. Pride Chevrolet-Pontiac, Inc., 258–259
In re __________. See name of party
International Shoe Co. v. State of Washington, 57 Internet Archive v. Shell, 229
Italian Designer Import Outlet, Inc. v. New York Central Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 349
Ivanchak, In re Estate of, 412 Izquierdo v. Gyroscope, Inc., 95
J
Jabri v. Qaddura, 67
Jacob & Youngs v. Kent, 292
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Jannusch v. Naffziger, 329–330
Jauregui v. Bobb’s Piano Sales & Service, Inc., 368
Jaynes v. Commonwealth of Virginia, 160
Jensen v. International Business Machines Corp., 207
Jesmer v. Retail Magic, Inc., 223
Ji-Haw Industrial Co. v. Broquet, 57
J&J Celcom v. AT&T Wireless Services, Inc., 433
Joel v. Morison, 401
Jones v. Brandt, 409
Jones v. Hamilton, 135
Jones v. Star Credit Corp., 339–341
K
Kim v. Park, 294
Kinkel v. Cingular Wireless, LLC, 249
Kirby v. Sega of America, Inc., 86
Klimecek, United States v., 165
Koch Materials Co. v. Shore Slurry Seal, Inc., 359
Kowalchuk v. Stroup, 230
Krasner v. HSH Nordbank AG, 171–173
KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc., 119–121
Kuhn v. Tumminelli, 429
L
Landers v. Sgouros, 264
Laurel Creek Health Care Center v. Bishop, 386–387
Lawrence v. Fox, 286
Leadsinger, Inc. v. BMG Music Publishing, 124 Lee v. Miner, 33
Liebeck v. McDonald’s Restaurants, 94
Lindquist Ford, Inc. v. Middleton Motors, Inc., 322 Linear Technology Corp. v. Micrel, Inc., 192 Loughridge v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., 328 Lowden v. T-Mobile USA, Inc., 77
Lucier v. Williams, 320
Lucy v. Zehmer, 209–210
Lumley v. Gye, 87 Lutfi v. Spears, 85
Lyons, United States v., 146
M
Maple Farms, Inc. v. City School District of Elmira, 358 Marbury v. Madison, 56
Marcum v. Bowden, 108
Maverick Recording Co. v. Harper, 126–128
MBH, Inc. v. John Otte Oil & Propane, Inc., 212 McBride v. Taxman Corp., 398
McConkey v. AON Corp., 263 McFarland, United States v., 165
McFarland v. Virginia Retirement Services of Chesterfield, LLC, 424
McIver v. Bondy’s Ford, Inc., 263 McNally v. United States, 147
Meinhard v. Salmon, 417–418
Merry Homes, Inc. v. Chi Hung Luu, 299–300
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 128
Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp., 122
Mike Building & Contracting, Inc. v. Just Homes, LLC, 304
Millennium Club, Inc. v. Avila, 253 Miller v. California, 41–42
Miller v. Miller, 207
Mineral Park Land Co. v. Howard, 299
Miranda v. Arizona, 155–157
Table of Cases TC–3
M.J. Paquet, Inc. v. New Jersey Department of Transportation, 298
MM Companies, Inc. v. Liquid Audio, Inc., 451 Moran v. Willensky, 434
Moreno v. Poverty Point Produce, Inc., 77 Moren v. Jax Restaurant, 420 Morningstar v. Hallett, 376
Morrison, United States v., 34
Moseley v. V Secret Catalogue, Inc., 112 Motorsport Marketing, Inc. v. Wiedmaier, Inc., 387
Music City RV, LLC, In re, 347–348
N
Nagrampa v. MailCoups, Inc., 74
NCR Corp. v. Korala Associates, Ltd., 73–74
Necanicum Investment Co. v. Employment Department, 467
Nelson v. United States, 159
New Century Financial Services, Inc. v. Dennegar, 407 New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 84
Nomo Agroindustrial Sa De CV v. Enza Zaden North America, Inc., 371, 378
O
Oakley Fertilizer, Inc. v. Continental Insurance Co., 353 Olmstead v. United States, 48
Omole, United States v., 166 Ora, Commonwealth v., 39
Oregon v. Legal Services Corp., 64–65
ORX Resources, Inc. v. MBW Exploration, LLC, 426–428
Overstock.com, Inc. v. New York State Department of Taxation and Finance, 437
P
Palmer v. Diaz, 87
Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co., 96–97
Pappas v. Criss, 408 Payne v. Hurwitz, 299
People v. ________. See name of opposing party Perkins v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 82
Perry Ellis International, Inc. v. URI Corporation, 118 Peterson v. Ek, 322
Pfenning v. Lineman, 98–100, 109 Pinard v. Dandy Lions, LLC, 30
Planned Pethood Plus, Inc. v. KeyCorp, Inc., 322 Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Welles, 117
Plessy v. Ferguson, 11
PMR Energy Systems, Inc. v. Primenergy, 78 Portnoy v. Cryo-Cell International, Inc., 460 Price v. Purdue Pharma Co., 185
Printz v. United States, 34
Progressive County Mutual Insurance Co. v. Trevino, 291
Q
Q.C. Onics Ventures, LP v. Johnson Controls, Inc., 352 Quality Pork International v. Rupari Food Services,
Inc., 338
Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, 437
R
Raffles v. Wichelhaus, 257 Rawson v. UMLIC VP, LLC, 257
RDP Royal Palm Hotel, L.P. v. Clark Construction Group, Inc., 322
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TC–4 Table of Cases
Regina v. Dudley and Stephens, 30–31 Reigelsperger v. Siller, 229
R. F. Cunningham & Co. v. Driscoll, 330 Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc., 37
Romero v. Scoggin-Dickey Chevrolet-Buick, Inc., 360–361
Rothing v. Kallestad, 379
RSN Properties, Inc. v. Engineering Consulting Services, Ltd., 320
S
Salim v. Solaiman, 267
Salt Lake Tribune Publishing Co. v. AT&T Corp., 440 Sandoval, State v., 151
Sarvis v. Vermont State Colleges, 262
Scheerer v. Fisher, 198–199
Schreib v. The Walt Disney Co., 378
Schultz v. General Electric Healthcare Financial Services, 448–449
Scotwood Industries, Inc. v. Frank Miller & Sons, Inc., 379 Seaver v. Ransom, 288
Selheimer & Co., In re, 400 Selleck v. Cuenca, 261 Sharabianlou v. Karp, 254 Sharapka, United States v., 165 Shar’s Cars, LLC v. Elder, 419
SHL Imaging, Inc. v. Artisan House, Inc., 385 Shoop v. DaimlerChrysler Corp, 371
Siemens Credit Corp. v. American Transit Insurance Co., 332
Simpson v. MSA of Myrtle Beach, Inc., 250 Singer v. Raemisch, 26–28
Sisuphan, People v., 144–145
Six Flags, Inc. v. Steadfast Insurance Co., 212
Skilling v. United States, 148, 169–170
Slayton and Remmert, State v., 141
Southern Prestige Industries, Inc. v. Independence Plating Corp., 58–59
Specht v. Netscape Communications Corp., 223 Speedway SuperAmerica, LLC v. Erwin, 250 Stainbrook v. Low, 314
Starbucks Corp. v. Lundberg, 112
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell, 80
State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc., 121
State v. __________. See name of opposing party Stickney v. Tullis-Vermillion, 266
Stone v. Jetmar Properties, LLC, 444
Stultz v. Safety and Compliance Management, Inc., 246 Summerall Electric Co. v. Church of God at Southaven,
408
Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper, 33
T
Taser International, Inc. v. Ward, 389–391
Taubman Co. v. Webfeats, 51 Taylor v. Baseball Club of Seattle, 98 Texas v. Johnson, 39
Thibodeau v. Comcast Corp., 248 Thompson v. Lynch, 434
T-N-T Motorsports, Inc. v. Hennessey Motorsports, Inc, 130
Tractebel Energy Marketing, Inc. v. AEP Power Marketing, Inc., 212
Trell v. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 211
Triple E, Inc. v. Hendrix & Dail, Inc., 371 Trollinger v. Tyson Foods, Inc., 150
Trustees of University of District of Columbia v. Vossoughi, 91–92
Tzolis v. Wolff, 433
U
Uhrhahn Construction & Design, Inc. v. Hopkins, 195 United States v. __________. See name of opposing party
U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Tennessee Farmers Mutual Insurance Company, 203–205
V
Vanegas v. American Energy Services, 236 Van Horn v. Watson, 103
Van Zanen v. Qwest Wireless, LLC, 200 Venturini v. Steve’s Steakhouse, Inc., 467 Verigy US, Inc. v. Mayder, 129
Vincenty v. Bloomberg, 52
Vizcaino v. U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington, 384
Vokes v. Arthur Murray, Inc., 260
W
Wagner v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc., 201– 203, 207
Walsh, State v., 165 Ware v. Ware, 264 Warnick v. Warnick, 421 Warren v. Merrill, 407
Watkins v. Schexnider, 274–275
Webster v. Blue Ship Tea Room, Inc., 372–373
Weidner v. Carroll, 124 Weimar v. Lyons, 468
Western Surety Co. v. APAC-Southeast, Inc, 304 White v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc., 85 Wickard v. Filburn, 34
Wilchcombe v. TeeVee Toons, Inc., 135 Wilkinson, United States v., 166 Williams, United States v., 44 Williams v. Kaufman, 278
Williams v. Mohawk Industries, Inc., 150
Winthrop Resources Corp. v. Eaton Hydraulics, Inc., 312 Wisconsin Auto Title Loans, Inc. v. Jones, 249
Wisconsin Electric Power Co. v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., 293–294
Wood Care Centers, Inc. v. Evangel Temple Assembly of God of Wichita Falls, 279
Wright v. Moore, 103
Y
Yahoo!, Inc. v. La Ligue Contre le Racisme et l’Antisemitisme, 62
Yocca v. Pittsburgh Steelers Sports, Inc., 273
Z
Z4 Technologies, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., 122
02 Development, LLC v. 607 South Park, LLC, 424–425
Zippo Manufacturing Co. v. Zippo Dot Com, Inc., 62
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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INDEX
A
Abuse of process, 87 Acceptance(s)
in contracts
any reasonable means, 220 authorized means of, 220 communication of, 219–220 defined, 218
express authorization, 220 mailbox rule, 220
mode and timeliness of,
220–221 silence as, 219 unequivocal, 218
e-contracts, 222–223 browse-wrap terms, 223 click-on agreements, 222 shrink-wrap agreements,
222–223
revocation of delivered goods, 367–368
in sales/lease contracts additional terms, 335–336 communication of, 335 obligation of buyer or lessee,
361
shipment of nonconforming goods, 335
Accommodation, in shipment of nonconforming goods, 335
Accord
contract discharge by, 296 defined, 237
satisfaction and, settlement of claim by, 237
Accounting
agent’s duty to, 391
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 183 of partnership assets or profits,
416 Actionable, 82 Actual malice, 84
Actus reus, 140 Adhesion contract, 248 Administrative agencies
defined, 5 federal, 7
state and local, 7 Administrative law
defined, 5 finding, 17–18
as primary source of law, 4, 5, 7, 8 Admissions, as exception to Statute
of Frauds, 271, 337 Advertisement
as commercial speech, 40–41 contractual offers versus, 211
Age
of majority, 241
undue influence and, 264 Agency relationships, 382–404
compared to employment law, 383
contract liability, 397–399 defined, 382
duties in, 388–392 employer-employee relationship,
383–385 employer-independent
contractor, 383–385 exclusive agency, 392 fiduciary and, 382 formation of, 385–387
by agreement, 385 by estoppel, 387
by operation of law, 387 by ratification, 387
partnerships and, 411–412, 416 scope of authority in, 393–397 termination of, 402–404
tort and criminal liability, 399–402
Agent authority of
apparent, 395
emergency powers, 396–397 equal dignity rule, 393 express, 393
implied, 393–395 power of attorney, 393 ratification, 397
corporate director and, 450 of corporation, 443 coupled with interest, 403 crimes of, 402
defined, 382
determining employee status, 383–385
duties of accounting, 391 loyalty, 389 notification, 389 obedience, 391
performance, 388–389 e-agents, 398–399 gratuitous, 388
liability for contracts authorized acts, 397–398 e-agents, 398–399 unauthorized acts, 398
misrepresentation, 399–400 negligence of, 400–402 principal’s duties to, 391–392 rights and remedies against
principal, 392 termination of agency, 402–404 tort liability, 399–402
Agreement(s)
agency formation by, 385 to agree, 211–213 click-on agreements, 222 click-wrap agreement, 222 contract discharge by, 295 contractual, 192
defined, 208 e-contract, 221–225
exception to perfect tender rule by, 357
operating, 428–429 partnering, 224–225
partnership formation by, 413–414
settlement, 296 shareholder, 440
shrink-wrap agreements, 222–223 in traditional contract, 208–221
Alienation, 283
Alien corporations, 438 Alleges, 12
Alter-ego theory, 426, 449–450 Alternative dispute resolution
(ADR), 69–75 advantage of, 69 arbitration, 71–74 mediation, 70–71 negotiation, 70
online dispute resolution, 75 other types of, 74–75 providers of, 75
American Arbitration Association (AAA), 75
American International Group (AIG), 174–175
American Law Institute, 14 Analogy, reasoning by, 13 Antiassignment clause, 283 Anticipatory repudiation, 294–295,
361
Anticompetitive agreements, 246 Anticybersquatting Consumer
Protection Act (ACPA), 116–117 Antidelegation clause, 285 Apparent authority, 395 Appellant, 24
Appellate courts defined, 18 federal, 68–69
questions of law and, 67 state, 67
Appellee, 24
Appropriation defined, 85
degree of likeness, 85–86 right of publicity as property
right, 86
Arbitrary trademark, 113–114 Arbitration, 71–74
defined, 71
issue of arbitrability, 72–73 mandatory arbitration in
employment context, 74 nonbinding, 72–73
process of, 72 Arbitration clause, 72 Aristotle, 15
Arrest, 157, 158 Arson, 142
Articles of Confederation, 32 Articles of incorporation, 442–443 Articles of organization, LLC and,
424
Articles of partnership, 413 Artisan’s lien, 90
Assault defined, 81
I–1
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Licensed to: CengageBrain User
I–2 |
Index |
|
|
|
notice of, 283 |
Botnets, 161–162 |
Buyout price, 421 |
Assets, distribution of partnership’s, |
Breach |
Buy-sell agreement, 423 |
|
|
422–423 |
defined, 3 |
Bylaws, 442, 443–444 |
Assignee, 281 |
of general contract |
C |
|
Assignments |
damages, 307–312 |
||
|
of “all rights,” 285 |
equitable remedies, 312–316 |
Cancellation, of contract |
|
antiassignment clause, 283 |
material, 291, 294 |
right of buyer or lessee, 365 |
|
defined, 280 |
waiver of, 318–319 |
right of seller or lessor to, 363 |
|
effect of, 281 |
of sales/lease contract |
Capacity, contractual. See |
|
form of, 282 |
exclusive remedies, 369 |
Contractual capacity |
|
rights not subject to, 282–283 |
lemon laws, 369 |
Care, duty of, 89 |
|
terminology for, 281 |
remedies for buyer or lessee, |
business invitees, 94 |
Assignor, 281 |
365–369 |
corporate directors and officers, |
|
Assumption of risk, 98–100 |
remedies for seller or lessor, |
453 |
|
|
express or implied, 98 |
361–365 |
defined, 93 |
|
when not applied, 100 |
risk of loss, 349 |
landowners, 94–95 |
Assurance, right of, 359 |
Bribery, 146 |
negligence and, 92–95 |
|
Attorney-in-fact, 393n |
by foreign companies, 183 |
no duty to rescue, 95 |
|
Attractive nuisance doctrine, |
of foreign officials, 183 |
partners and, 416, 421 |
|
|
trespass to land, 89 |
Browse-wrap terms, 223 |
of professionals, 95 |
Auctions, with and without reserve, |
Burden of proof, 138 |
reasonable, 89, 92 |
|
|
211 |
Burglary, 142 |
reasonable person standard, 94 |
Authority |
Business |
trespass to land and, 89 |
|
|
of agent, 393–397 |
legal environment and, 2–3 |
Case |
|
apparent, 395 |
sale of, and covenant not to |
briefing, 25 |
|
binding, 11 |
compete, 246 |
sample, 24–28 |
|
certificate of, 438 |
search and seizure in, 46 |
Case citations, 19 |
|
express, 393 |
wrongful interference with, 87–89 |
Case law |
|
implied, 393–395 |
Business decision making |
defined, 7 |
|
of partners, 418–419 |
ethics and, 4 |
finding, 18–19 |
|
persuasive, 11 |
laws affecting, 4 |
as primary source of law, 7, 8 |
Award, in arbitration, 72 |
Business ethics. See also Ethics |
Cases |
|
B |
|
code of conduct for, 173–174 |
of first impression, 11 |
|
corporate social responsibility, |
on point, 12 |
|
Bailee, 345 |
177–180, 181 |
terminology of, 22–24 |
|
|
goods held by, 346 |
corporate stock buybacks, 174–175 |
titles of, 22–24 |
Bailment, 345 |
defined, 167–168 |
Categorical imperative, 176 |
|
Bankruptcy |
ethical decision making, 180 |
Causation |
|
|
agency termination and, 404 |
ethical leadership, 170–173 |
defined, 93, 95 |
|
discharge in, 297 |
ethical reasoning, 175–180 |
in fact, 95–96 |
|
fraud in, 146–148 |
executive bonuses, 175 |
foreseeability, 96–97 |
|
jurisdiction of courts, 60 |
on global level, 182–183 |
proximate cause, 96 |
Bankruptcy Reporter, 19 |
gray areas, 168 |
Cause |
|
Bargained-for exchange, 232 |
importance of, 168 |
legal, 96 |
|
Battery, 81 |
moral minimum, 168 |
proximate, 96 |
|
Beneficiaries |
questions regarding, solutions to, |
superseding, 100 |
|
|
creditor beneficiary, 287 |
180, 182 |
Certificate of authority, 438 |
|
donee beneficiary, 288 |
short-run profit maximization, |
Certificate of incorporation, 443 |
|
incidental, 289 |
168–169 |
Certification mark, 114–115 |
|
intended, 285–289 |
transgressions by financial |
C.&F. (cost and freight), 345 |
|
third party, 285–289 |
institutions, 174–175 |
Chancellor, 9 |
|
types of, 287–288 |
Business invitees, duty of care and, |
Charging order, 416 |
|
vested rights of intended |
94 |
Chattels, trespass to, 90 |
|
beneficiary, 288–289 |
Business judgment rule, 453–454 |
Checks and balances, 33–34 |
Bentham, Jeremy, 176–177 |
Business process, patents for, 122 |
Children. See Minors |
|
Berne Convention, 130 |
Business Process Pragmatism, 180, |
Children’s Internet Protection Act |
|
Beyond a reasonable doubt, 138 |
182 |
(CIPA), 42 |
|
Bilateral contracts, 193 |
Business torts |
Choice-of-law clause, 222 |
|
Bilateral mistake, 257 |
defense for, 89 |
C.I.F. (cost, insurance and freight), |
|
Bill of lading, 344 |
defined, 87 |
345 |
|
Bill of Rights |
wrongful interference with |
Citations |
|
|
defined, 38 |
business relationship, |
case, 19 |
|
establishment clause, 42–43 |
87–89 |
defined, 17 |
|
freedom of religion, 42–45 |
wrongful interference with |
how to read, 21–24 |
|
freedom of speech, 38–42 |
contractual relationship, 87 |
parallel, 19 |
|
free exercise clause, 45 |
Buyer |
Civil law |
|
limits on federal and state |
insurable interest of, 349–350 |
burden of proof, 138 |
|
governmental action, 38 |
obligations of |
criminal law versus, 137–139 |
|
overview of, 39 |
acceptance, 359 |
defined, 17, 137 |
|
searches and seizures, 45–46 |
payment, 359 |
preponderance of evidence, 138 |
|
self-incrimination, 46 |
right of inspection, 359 |
Civil Rights Act, 250n |
Binding authority, 11 |
refusal to inspect, 376 |
Claims, settlement of, 236–237 |
|
Board of directors. See Directors, |
remedies of, 365–369 |
Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA), 81 |
|
|
corporate |
rights of, 365–369 |
Clayton Act, 246n |
Bonuses, executive, 175 |
risk of loss with breached |
Click-on agreements, 222 |
|
Borrowed servants, 401–402 |
contract, 349 |
Click-on license, 222 |
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Licensed to: CengageBrain User
|
|
Index |
I–3 |
Click-wrap agreement, 222 |
implied, 291 |
Constitutional law, 4 |
|
Close corporation, 439–440 |
Condition subsequent, 290 |
commerce clause, 34–38 |
|
Closely held corporations |
Conduct, misrepresentation of, |
defined, 4 |
|
defined, 439 |
260–261 |
due process clause, 46–47 |
|
management of, 439 |
Confederal form of government, 32 |
equal protection clause, 47–48 |
|
misappropriation of funds in, 440 |
Confession of judgment, 415 |
freedom of religion, 42–45 |
|
oppressive conduct, 463 |
Conflict of interest, corporate |
freedom of speech, 38–42 |
|
pierce the corporate veil and, 447 |
directors and officers, 456 |
limits on federal and state |
|
transfer of shares in, 439–440 |
Conforming goods, 356 |
governmental actions, 38 |
|
Cloud computing, 126 |
Congress |
powers of government and, |
|
Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.), |
checks and balances, 33–34 |
32–38 |
|
18 |
preemption, 37 |
privacy rights, 48–50 |
|
Collateral promises, Statute of |
tax and spending powers of, |
searches and seizure, 45–46 |
|
Frauds, 269–270 |
37–38 |
self-incrimination, 46 |
|
Collective mark, 114–115 |
Consent, voluntary, adequacy of |
Construction contracts, 307–308 |
|
Commerce clause, 34–37 |
consideration and, 232–233 |
compensatory damages, 307–308 |
|
defined, 34 |
Consequential damages, 308, 367 |
economy of waste and, 308 |
|
dormant, 35 |
Consideration |
liquidated damages, 310 |
|
expansion of national powers |
in general contract(s) |
Consumer lease, 331 |
|
under, 34 |
adequacy of, 232–233 |
Contests, as unilateral contract, |
|
medical marijuana laws and, |
courts and, 232 |
193–194 |
|
34–35 |
voluntary consent and, |
Contract(s) |
|
Commercial impracticability, 299– |
232–233 |
acceptance in |
|
300, 358 |
bargained-for exchange, 232 |
authorized means of, 220 |
|
Commercial reasonableness, UCC |
defined, 192, 231 |
communication of, 219–220 |
|
and, 333 |
lack of, 233–236 |
defined, 192, 218 |
|
Commercial speech, 40 |
illusory promise, 235–236 |
mode and timeliness of, |
|
Common law, 7–15 |
past consideration, 233–235 |
220–221 |
|
defined, 8 |
preexisting duty, 233 |
silence as, 219 |
|
early English courts and, 8–10 |
rescission and, 233 |
substitute method of, 220–221 |
|
legal and equitable remedies |
unforeseen difficulties, 233 |
unequivocal, 218 |
|
today, 10, 14 |
legal value, 231–232 |
adhesion, 248 |
|
stare decisis and, 10–13, 14 |
settlement of claims, 236–237 |
agents and liability for, 397–399 |
|
today, 13–15 |
accord and satisfaction, 237 |
agreement in, 208–227 |
|
Common stock, 442 |
covenant not to sue, 237 |
defined, 192 |
|
Communication |
release, 237 |
alteration of, 296–297 |
|
of acceptance |
good faith, 336 |
assignments, 280–283 |
|
in general contract, 219–220 |
in sales and lease contracts, 336 |
bilateral, 193 |
|
in sales/lease contracts, 335 |
Consignee, 347 |
breach of |
|
in contract offer, 214–216 |
Consignments, 347–349 |
anticipatory repudiation, |
|
Communications Decency Act |
creditors’ claims to, 349 |
294–295 |
|
(CDA), 104 |
title and, 348–349 |
defined, 3 |
|
Company |
Consignor, 347 |
material, 291, 294 |
|
holding, 436, 438 |
Constitution, United States. See |
cancellation of, 363, 365 |
|
parent, 436 |
also Bill of Rights; individual |
to commit a crime, 244 |
|
Comparative negligence, 100–102 |
amendments |
conflict with UCC and, 327 |
|
Compelling state interests, 48 |
commerce clause, 34–38 |
consideration in |
|
Compensation |
cruel and unusual punishment, |
adequacy of, 232–233 |
|
of corporate directors, 451 |
153 |
bargained-for exchange, 232 |
|
principal’s duty to, 392 |
double jeopardy prohibited by, |
defined, 192, 231 |
|
Compensatory damages |
153 |
lack of, 233–236 |
|
construction contracts, 307–308 |
due process, 47 |
legal value, 231–232 |
|
defined, 80, 307 |
equal protection, 47–48 |
settlement of claims, 236–237 |
|
measuring, 307 |
establishment clause, 42–43 |
contests and prizes, 193–194 |
|
sale of goods, 307 |
excessive bail, 153 |
contractual capacity in, 192, |
|
sale of land, 307 |
federal court jurisdiction, 60 |
240–244 |
|
Competition, predatory behavior |
federal form of government, |
contrary to public policy, |
|
versus, 88 |
32–33 |
246–250 |
|
Complete performance, 291 |
full faith and credit clause, 33 |
contrary to statute, 244–245 |
|
Computer crime, 159. See also Cyber |
intellectual property protected |
defined, 191 |
|
crime |
by, 110 |
delegations, 283–285 |
|
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act |
privacy rights, 48–50 |
destination contract, 344, 345, |
|
(CFAA), 163 |
privileges and immunities clause, |
357 |
|
Computer Software Copyright Act, |
33 |
disaffirmance, 241–242 |
|
124–125 |
protections guaranteed by, 153 |
discharge of, 290–301 |
|
Concurrent conditions, 290–291 |
relations among states, 33 |
discriminatory, 250 |
|
Concurrent jurisdiction, 61 |
separation of national |
e-contracts, 221–227 |
|
Concurring opinion, 24 |
government’s powers, |
elements of, 192 |
|
Conditional sales, 346–347 |
33–34 |
enforceability of, 196–197 |
|
Condition precedent, 273–274 |
speedy trial, 153 |
defenses to, 192, 256–276 |
|
Condition precedent--maybe put all |
supremacy clause, 37 |
executed, 196, 242 |
|
under conditions, 290 |
as supreme law of land, 4, 8 |
executory, 196, 242 |
|
Conditions |
taxing and spending powers, |
express, 195 |
|
concurrent, 290–291 |
37–38 |
extrinsic evidence, 201–202 |
|
defined, 290 |
unreasonable search and seizure, |
formal, 195 |
|
express, 291 |
153 |
formation of, 192–196 |
|
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Licensed to: CengageBrain User
I–4 |
Index |
|
|
|
form of, 192 |
Conversion, 90–92 |
registered office/agent of, 443 |
|
function of, 191 |
Cooperation |
respondeat superior, 438 |
|
illegal, 244–251 |
duty of, 359 |
retained earnings of, 436 |
|
implied, 195–196 |
principal’s duty to, 392 |
S corporations, 440 |
|
incomplete, 273 |
Copyright, 122–129 |
self-incrimination, 46 |
|
indivisible, 251 |
compilation of facts, 123 |
shareholders, 436, 456–463 |
|
informal, 195 |
defined, 122 |
shares of, 442–443 |
|
installment contract, 358 |
Digital Millennium Copyright |
social responsibility and, |
|
integrated, 275–276 |
Act, 125 |
177–180, 181 |
|
intent |
DVDs and file-sharing, 128–129 |
stock buybacks, 174–175 |
|
objective theory of contracts, |
fair use exception, 124 |
taxation, 436–438, 440 |
|
191–192 |
independent contractors and, |
torts and criminal acts, 438 |
|
of parties, and interpretation |
384–385 |
ultra vires doctrine, 446–447 |
|
of, 203 |
infringement, 123–124 |
Cost-benefit analysis, 177 |
|
interpretation of, 200–204 |
international protection, 130–133 |
Counterfeit Access Device and |
|
law governing, 190–191, 326–327 |
MP3 and file-sharing technology, |
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, |
|
legality of, 192, 244–251 |
126–129 |
163 |
|
objective theory of, 191–192, 208, |
protected expression categories, |
Counterfeit goods, 115 |
|
210 |
123 |
Counteroffer, 217 |
|
offer in |
Section 102 exclusions, 123 |
Course of dealing, 203, 339 |
|
communication, 214–216 |
for software, 124–125 |
Course of performance, 203, 273, |
|
counteroffer, 217 |
Copyright Act, 122, 123, 125, 384 |
339 |
|
defined, 192 |
Corporate citizenship, 177 |
Court of appeals, 18 |
|
definiteness of terms, 214 |
Corporate name, 442 |
Courts |
|
destruction of subject matter, |
Corporate social responsibility, |
bankruptcy, 60 |
|
218 |
177–180, 181 |
early English, 8–10 |
|
intention, 209–214 |
Corporations |
of equity, 9 |
|
irrevocable, 217, 218 |
alien, 438 |
federal court system, 67–69 |
|
lapse of time, 217–218 |
alter-ego theory, 449–450 |
king’s (curiae regis), 8 |
|
mirror image rule, 217 |
board of directors, 436, 450–456 |
of law, 8 |
|
rejection of, 217 |
business judgment rule, 453–454 |
probate, 60 |
|
requirements of, 208–216 |
bylaws of, 442, 443–444 |
role of, 54–56 |
|
revocation of, 194–195, |
certificate of authority, 438 |
small claims, 66–67 |
|
216–217 |
classification of, 438–441 |
state court system, 65–67 |
|
termination of, 216–218 |
closely held (close)(privately |
Courts of appeals. See Appellate |
|
option-to-cancel clause, 236 |
held), 439–440 |
courts |
|
output, 333 |
compared to other major forms |
Covenant not to compete, 234 |
|
performance and, 196 |
of business organization, |
in employment contracts, 246 |
|
plain meaning rule, 200–202 |
464–465 |
enforcement problems, 248 |
|
privity of, 280 |
corporate name, 442 |
reformation and, 315–316 |
|
promissory estoppel, 238–240 |
criminal liability, 141 |
sale of ongoing business and, 246 |
|
quasi, 198–200 |
de facto, 444 |
Covenant not to sue, 237 |
|
ratification, 242 |
defined, 435 |
Cover, right to, 367 |
|
requirements, 333 |
de jure, 444 |
Credit Card Accountability, |
|
rescission, 233, 257, 260 |
directors of, 450–456 |
Responsibility, and Disclosure |
|
in restraint of trade, 246–248 |
dividends of, 436 |
Act, 245n |
|
sales. See Sales contracts |
domestic, 438 |
Credit-card theft, 161 |
|
severable (divisible), 251 |
duration and purpose of, 443 |
Creditor beneficiary, 287 |
|
shipment contract, 344–345, |
by estoppel, 444 |
Crime(s) |
|
356–357 |
express powers, 446 |
of agents, 402 |
|
simple, 195 |
foreign, 438 |
civil liability for criminal acts, |
|
standard-form, 249–250 |
formation of, 441–445 |
138 |
|
third party beneficiaries, 285–289 |
holding companies and, 436, 438 |
classification of, 139 |
|
types of, 192–197 |
implied powers of, 446 |
contract to commit, 244 |
|
unconscionable, 248–250 |
incorporation procedures, |
corporations and criminal |
|
unenforceable, defined, 197 |
441–443 |
liability, 438 |
|
unilateral, 193–195 |
jurisdiction, 57–59 |
defined, 137 |
|
valid |
as legal person, 435 |
organized crime, 149–150 |
|
defined, 196 |
limited liability of shareholders, |
property crime, 142–143 |
|
mental incompetence, 243–244 |
436 |
public order crime, 143 |
|
requirements (elements) of, 192 |
management of, 443 |
violent, 141–142 |
|
void, 197, 243, 273 |
nature of, 435–438 |
white-collar crime, 143–149 |
|
voidable, 197, 243, 273 |
nonprofit, 439 |
Criminal law, 137–163 |
|
voluntary consent, 192 |
officers of, 436, 450–456 |
beyond a reasonable doubt, 138 |
Contractual capacity |
parent, 436 |
burden of proof, 138 |
|
|
defined, 192, 240 |
personnel of, 436 |
civil law versus, 137–139 |
|
intoxication, 242 |
pierce the corporate veil, 426, |
civil liability for criminal acts, |
|
mental incompetence, 243–244 |
436, 447–449 |
138 |
|
minors, 241–242 |
political speech by, 40 |
constitutional safeguards, 153 |
Contractual relationship, wrongful |
powers of, 446–447 |
criminal procedures, 153–159 |
|
|
interference with, 87 |
professional corporations (P.C.), |
cyber crimes, 159–163 |
Contributory negligence, 100 |
440–441 |
defenses to criminal liability, |
|
Controlled Substances Act (CSA), 35 |
profits of, 436 |
150–153 |
|
Controlling the Assault of Non- |
promotional activities and, 441 |
defined, 17, 137 |
|
|
Solicted Pornography and |
public, 438–439 |
double jeopardy, 153 |
|
Marketing (CAN-SPAM), 105 |
publicly held, 439 |
exclusionary rule, 154 |
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Licensed to: CengageBrain User
|
|
Index |
I–5 |
federal sentencing guidelines, |
Death, agency termination and, 404 |
election of, 451, 456–457 |
|
158–159 |
Debt |
informed decisions by, 453 |
|
Miranda rule, 155–157 |
liquidated, 237 |
inside, 451 |
|
steps in criminal case, 157–159 |
unliquidated, 237 |
liability of, 141, 456 |
|
types of crime, 141–150 |
Deceive, intent to, 261–262 |
meetings of, 451–452 |
|
Criminal liability |
Decision making, ethical, 180 |
outside, 451 |
|
corporate, 141 |
Decisions, 24 |
quorum, 451–452 |
|
criminal act, 140 |
Deductive reasoning, 12–13 |
reasonable supervision by, 453 |
|
criminal negligence or |
De facto, incorporation and, 444 |
removal of, 451 |
|
recklessness, 140 |
Defamation, 41 |
rights of, 452 |
|
defenses to, 150–153 |
actual malice, 84 |
roles of, 450 |
|
elements of, 139–140 |
damages for, 83–84 |
vacancies on the board, 451 |
|
state of mind, 140 |
defenses to, 84 |
Disaffirmance, 241–242 |
|
strict liability and |
defined, 83 |
Discharge |
|
overcriminalization, |
identifying author of online |
by accord and satisfaction, 296 |
|
140–141 |
defamation, 104 |
by agreement, 295 |
|
Criminal procedures, 153–159 |
libel, 83 |
alteration of contract, 296–297 |
|
Criminal process, 157–159 |
privileged speech, 84 |
anticipatory repudiation, |
|
Criminal recklessness, 140 |
publication requirement, 83 |
294–295 |
|
Crops, sales contract for, 328 |
public figures, 84 |
in bankruptcy, 297 |
|
Cruel and unusual punishment, 153 |
slander, 83–84 |
commercial impracticability and, |
|
Cumulative voting, 459 |
Defendant |
299–300 |
|
Cure, 357 |
in case title, 22–24 |
defined, 280, 290 |
|
Cyber crime, 159–163. See also |
defined, 9, 24 |
frustration of purpose, 301 |
|
Internet |
Defenses |
impossibility of performance, |
|
credit-card crime on Internet, 161 |
for business torts, 89 |
297–299 |
|
cyber fraud, 160 |
for contract enforceability, |
material breach of contract and, |
|
cyberterrorism, 162 |
256–276 |
294 |
|
cyber theft, 160–161 |
for criminal liability, 150–153 |
by novation, 296 |
|
defined, 159 |
for defamation, 84 |
by operation of law, 296–301 |
|
employment fraud, 161 |
defined, 9 |
by performance, 290–294 |
|
hacking, 161–162 |
to enforceability of contract, 192 |
complete, 291 |
|
identity theft, 160–161 |
for negligence, 97–102 |
conditions of, 290–291 |
|
malware, 162 |
for trespass, 90 |
to satisfaction of another, |
|
online auction fraud, 160 |
De jure, incorporation and, 444 |
292–293 |
|
online retail fraud, 160 |
Delegatee, 284 |
substantial, 292 |
|
phishing, 161 |
duties not subject to, 284–285 |
by rescission, 295–296 |
|
prosecution of, 162–163 |
Delegations |
by settlement agreement, 296 |
|
vishing, 161 |
antidelegation clause, 285 |
statutes of limitations and, 297 |
|
Cyberlaw, 17 |
assignment of “all rights,” 285 |
Disclosed principal, 397–398 |
|
Cybernotary, 224 |
defined, 280 |
Discriminatory contracts, 250 |
|
Cyberspace. See Internet |
effect of, 285 |
Disparagement of property, 92 |
|
Cybersquatting, 116 |
terminology of, 283–284 |
Dispute-settlement provisions for |
|
Cyberterrorism, 162 |
Delegator, 284 |
e-contract, 222 |
|
Cyber torts, 104–105 |
Delivery |
Dissenting opinion, 24 |
|
D |
with movement of goods, |
Dissociation |
|
344–345 |
defined, 420 |
|
|
Damages |
passage of title and, 344 |
effects of, 421 |
|
compensatory, 80 |
place of, 356 |
events that cause, 420 |
|
construction contracts, |
risk of loss, 344–346 |
in limited liability company, |
|
307–308 |
sales/lease contract and open |
430–431 |
|
measuring, 307 |
terms of, 333 |
wrongful, 420–421 |
|
sale of goods, 307 |
seller’s or lessor’s right to |
Dissolution |
|
sale of land, 307 |
withhold, 363 |
of limited liability company, 431 |
|
consequential, 308, 367 |
substitution of carriers, 357 |
of partnership, 422 |
|
defined, 8 |
tender of, 344, 346, 356 |
right of, 462 |
|
exemplary, 263, 309–310 |
terms for, 345 |
Distributed network, 126 |
|
fraudulent misrepresentation |
without movement of goods, 344, |
District courts, 68 |
|
and, 263 |
345–346 |
Diversity of citizenship, 60–61 |
|
general, 80 |
Delivery ex-ship, 345 |
Dividends |
|
incidental, 307 |
Destination contract, 344, 345, 357 |
defined, 461 |
|
for libel, 83 |
Detrimental reliance, 217, 238 |
failure to declare, 461 |
|
limits on medical malpractice |
Digital Millennium Copyright Act, |
illegal, 461 |
|
awards, 101 |
125, 130 |
Divisible contract, 251 |
|
liquidated, 310–312 |
Digitized handwritten signatures, |
Document of title, 344 |
|
mitigation of, 310 |
224 |
Domain names, 116 |
|
nominal, 310 |
Dilution, trademark and, 112, 117 |
Domestic corporations, 438 |
|
punitive, 80, 263, 309–310 |
Directors, corporate, 450–456 |
Domestic relations courts, 67 |
|
right to recover, 364, 367 |
business judgment rule, 453–454 |
Donation, promissory estoppel, |
|
seller’s and lessor’s right to |
committees of, 452 |
238 |
|
recover, 364 |
compensation of, 451 |
Donee beneficiary, 288 |
|
for slander, 83–84 |
disclosure of potential conflict of |
Dormant commerce clause, 35 |
|
special, 80 |
interest, 456 |
Double jeopardy, 153 |
|
substantial performance and, 292 |
dissenting directors, 453 |
Double taxation, 428, 436, 440 |
|
types of, 306–310 |
due care standard, 453 |
Dram shop acts, 104 |
|
Danger invites rescue doctrine, 103 |
duties of, 436 |
Due care standard, 453 |
|
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Licensed to: CengageBrain User
I–6 |
Index |
|
|
Due process |
forum-selection clause, 222 |
Equitable maxims, 9–10 |
|
|
constitutional guarantee of, 38 |
provisions to include, 221–222 |
Equitable remedies, 312–316 |
|
procedural, 47 |
partnering agreement, 224–225 |
Equity |
|
punitive damages and, 80 |
requirements of, 221 |
courts of, 9 |
|
substantive, 47 |
Uniform Electronic Transaction |
procedural differences between |
Dunn, Patricia C., 49 |
Act (UETA), 225–227 |
action at law and action |
|
DuPont, 6–7 |
uses of, 221 |
in, 10 |
|
Durable power of attorney, 393n |
Eighth Amendment, 39, 153 |
remedies in, 9, 306 |
|
Duress |
Election of remedies, 318 |
E-SIGN Act, 224 |
|
|
contract illegal through, 251 |
Electronic Signatures in Global and |
UETA and, 225–226 |
|
as criminal liability defense, 152 |
National Commerce Act (E-SIGN |
E-signature |
|
defined, 152, 264 |
Act), 224, 225–226 |
attributing, 226 |
|
economic, 265 |
E-mail, acceptance of offer via, 220 |
cybernotary, 224 |
|
establishing, 264–265 |
Emancipation, 241 |
defined, 224, 225 |
Duty |
Embezzlement, 143–145 |
digitized signature, 224 |
|
|
of agent |
Emergency powers, 396–397 |
E-SIGN Act, 224 |
|
accounting, 391 |
Emotional distress, intentional |
federal laws governing, 224 |
|
loyalty, 389 |
infliction of, 82 |
partnering agreement, 224–225 |
|
notification, 389 |
Employees |
public-key infrastructure, 224 |
|
obedience, 391 |
agency relationship and, 383–385 |
state laws governing, 224 |
|
performance, 388–389 |
borrowed servants, 401–402 |
UETA and, 224, 225–226 |
|
of care, 89 |
determining employee status, |
Establishment clause, 42–43 |
|
business invitees, 94 |
383–385 |
Estoppel |
|
corporate directors and officers, |
ethic training for, 173 |
agency formation by, 387 |
|
453 |
information disclosed by |
corporations by, 444 |
|
defined, 93 |
prospective employers, 263 |
partnerships by, 414–415 |
|
landowners, 94–95 |
respondeat superior, and employers |
Ethical reasoning, 175–180 |
|
negligence and, 92–95 |
liability, 400–401 |
Ethics |
|
no duty to rescue, 95 |
social responsibility and |
business decision making, 180 |
|
partners and, 416, 421 |
recruiting, 179–180 |
caps on medical malpractice, 101 |
|
of professionals, 95 |
Employers |
categorical imperative, 176 |
|
reasonable, 89, 92 |
agency relationship and, 383–385 |
child pornography on Internet, |
|
reasonable person standard, 94 |
borrowed servants, 401–402 |
44–45 |
|
trespass to land and, 89 |
information disclosed by, 263 |
code of conduct for, 173–174 |
|
of cooperation, 359 |
notice of dangerous conditions, |
contests and prizes, 194 |
|
of corporate directors and |
401 |
corporate social responsibility, |
|
officers, 453–454 |
respondeat superior, and liability |
177–180, 181 |
|
delegation of, 280, 283–285 |
of, 400–401 |
corporate stock buybacks, |
|
to disclose, 261 |
Employment |
174–175 |
|
of partners, 416–418, 416–420 |
detour and frolic, 401 |
defined, 3, 167 |
|
preexisting, 233 |
foreign suppliers’ practices, |
duty-based, 176 |
|
of principal |
182–183 |
ethical leadership, 170–173 |
|
compensation, 392 |
scope of, and respondeat superior, |
executive bonuses, 175 |
|
cooperation, 392 |
401 |
fair trade and environmental |
|
reimbursement and |
wrongful termination, 403 |
sustainability, 334 |
|
indemnification, 392 |
Employment contract, covenant not |
fiduciary duties of LLC managers, |
|
safe working conditions, 392 |
to compete in, 246 |
430 |
Duty-based ethics, 176 |
Employment discrimination, |
foreign suppliers and, 182–183 |
|
E |
|
employee status and, 384 |
gray areas, 168 |
|
Employment fraud, 161 |
information disclosed by |
|
E-agents, 398–399 |
Employment law, compared to |
prospective employers, 263 |
|
Early neutral case evaluation, 74 |
agency law, 383 |
Kantian ethics, 176 |
|
E-commerce |
Enforceability, defenses to, 256–276 |
moral minimum, 168 |
|
|
record, 225 |
duress, 264–265 |
outcome-based ethics, 176–177 |
|
transaction, 225 |
fraudulent misrepresentation, |
precedent expanded by Internet, |
|
Uniform Electronic Transaction |
259–264 |
55–56 |
|
Act (UETA), 225–227 |
mistakes, 256–259 |
principles of right, 176 |
Economic duress, 265 |
parol evidence rule, 272–276 |
religious ethical standards, 176 |
|
Economic Espionage Act, 129, 148 |
Statute of Frauds, 265–272 |
short-run profit maximization, |
|
Economic waste, 308 |
undue influence, 264 |
168–169 |
|
E-contracts, 221–227, 224 |
Entrapment, 152–153 |
training for employees, 173 |
|
|
acceptances |
Entrepreneur, 410 |
utilitarianism, 176–177 |
|
browse-wrap terms, 223 |
Enumerated powers, 32 |
European Patent Office, 118 |
|
click-on agreements, 222 |
Environmental Protection Agency |
Evidence |
|
shrink-wrap agreements, |
(EPA), sustainability and, 6 |
exclusionary rule and, 154 |
|
222–223 |
Environmental Protection and |
extrinsic, 201–202 |
|
agreement, 221–225 |
Bio-Diversity Conservation Act, 6 |
parole, 272, 338–339. See also |
|
defined, 221 |
Environmental sustainability. See |
Parole evidence rule |
|
E-SIGN Act, 224 |
Sustainability |
preponderance of, 138 |
|
e-signature, 224 |
Environmental Sustainability |
Exclusionary rule, 154 |
|
international treaties affecting, 227 |
Index, 6 |
Exclusive jurisdiction, 61 |
|
offers, 221–222 |
Equal dignity rule, 393 |
Exclusive remedies, 369 |
|
choice-of-law clause, 222 |
Equal protection clause, 47–48 |
Exculpatory clause, 250, 319 |
|
displaying offer, 221 |
intermediate scrutiny, 48 |
Executed contract, 196, 242 |
|
dispute-settlement provisions, |
rational basis test, 48 |
Executive agencies, 7 |
|
222 |
strict scrutiny, 47–48 |
Executive bonuses, 175 |
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