
- •Table of Cases
- •Table of Statutes
- •Table of Statutory Instruments
- •Table of European Legislations
- •Table of Statutes and Other Instruments
- •Table of Abbreviations
- •Preface
- •Introduction
- •Overview
- •1 Standard Trade Terms
- •Introduction
- •Ex works
- •CIF contracts
- •CIF contracts under INCOTERMS 2010
- •C&F contracts
- •C&F and INCOTERMS
- •FOB contracts
- •Variants of an FOB contract
- •FAS contracts
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •2 The Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods 1980
- •Introduction
- •The Vienna Convention
- •Conclusion: Recent international initiatives
- •Further reading
- •Overview
- •Introduction
- •Policy considerations, e-commerce and international regulatory measures
- •Electronic data interchange (EDI) and interchange agreements
- •UNCITRAL model law on e-commerce
- •Other international initiatives – the International Chamber of Commerce
- •The EU directive on e-commerce
- •The United Nations Convention on the use of electronic communications in international contracts
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •Introduction
- •Electronic signatures and UNCITRAL
- •The EU directive on electronic signatures and the UK legislation: Electronic Communications Act 2000 and the Electronic Signatures Regulation 2002
- •Electronic medium and computer misuse
- •Conclusion: a bright future for e-commerce?
- •Further reading
- •Overview
- •Introduction
- •Types of charterparties
- •Common law implied obligations in a voyage charterparty
- •Common law immunities
- •Usual express terms
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •6 Bills of Lading
- •Introduction
- •Nature of a bill of lading
- •Rights and liabilities of consignee/endorsee
- •The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992
- •Bills of lading and fraud
- •Electronic data interchange (EDI) and the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •7 Bills of Lading and Common Law
- •Introduction
- •Implied obligations on the part of the shipowner
- •Implied obligations on the part of the shipper
- •Common law exceptions
- •Contractual exceptions
- •Other terms in bills of lading
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •Introduction
- •Limitation of liability
- •Scope of application
- •Contracting out
- •The future
- •Further reading
- •9 The Hamburg Rules and the Rotterdam Rules
- •Introduction
- •The Hamburg Rules
- •Scope of application
- •The Rotterdam Rules (The UN Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea)
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •10 International Carriage of Goods by Air
- •Introduction
- •The Warsaw system
- •Approach to interpretation of the Warsaw Convention in the English courts
- •Scope of application of the Warsaw Convention (unamended and amended versions)
- •Contracting out
- •Documentary responsibilities
- •Air waybill and negotiability
- •Electronic data interchange (EDI) and the Warsaw regime
- •Carrier liability
- •Proceedings
- •The Montreal Convention
- •Further reading
- •11 International Carriage of Goods by Rail
- •Introduction
- •Interpretation of the CIM
- •Scope of application
- •Documentary responsibilities
- •Electronic data interchange (EDI) and the CIM rules
- •Contracting out
- •Proceedings
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •12 International Carriage of Goods by Road
- •Introduction
- •Interpretation of the CMR by the English courts
- •Scope of application
- •Contracting out
- •Documentary responsibilities
- •Electronic data interchange (EDI) and the CMR
- •Proceedings
- •CMR – the future
- •Further reading
- •13 International Multimodal Transport
- •Introduction
- •Freight forwarder – agent or principal?
- •Fiata negotiable multimodal bill of lading
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •Overview
- •14 Marine Insurance
- •Introduction
- •Scope and nature of marine insurance contracts
- •Principles of marine insurance law
- •Warranties on the part of the insured – implied and express
- •Deviation
- •Liability of insurer
- •Institute cargo clauses (A), (B) and (C)
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •15 Letters of Credit
- •Introduction
- •Open account
- •Bills of exchange
- •Documentary bill
- •Letters of credit
- •Performance bonds/guarantees and standby letters of credit
- •Other means of minimising risk of non-payment
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •Overview
- •16 Civil Jurisdiction
- •Introduction
- •Submission by appearance
- •Ordinary contracts
- •Tort claims
- •Ancillary jurisdiction
- •Jurisdiction clauses
- •Simultaneous actions
- •Interim relief
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •17 Choice of Law
- •Introduction
- •The proper law – express choice
- •The proper law – implied choice
- •The proper law – closest connection
- •Particular issues
- •English public policy and overriding mandatory rules
- •Certain particular types of contract
- •Torts and restitutionary obligations
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •18 Foreign Judgments
- •Introduction
- •European judgments
- •External judgments
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •19 Arbitration
- •Introduction
- •Characteristics
- •Arbitration in international commercial contracts
- •Arbitration under English law
- •Foreign arbitral awards
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •Introduction
- •International developments
- •Developments in England
- •Features and associated issues
- •Mediation online
- •The EU Directive on mediation in civil and commercial matters
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •Overview
- •21 Fighting Corruption in International Business
- •Introduction
- •The OECD Convention
- •The OECD and the UK Bribery Act 2010
- •The UNCAC
- •Business codes of conduct
- •Conclusion
- •Further reading
- •Appendix 7
- •Index

Table of Statutory Instruments
Bretton Woods Agreements Order 1946 (SR & O 1946/36)............................................................... |
|
530 |
Carriage by Air Act (Application of Provisions) (Fourth Amendment) |
|
|
Order 1998 (SI 1998/1058)....................................................................................................... |
|
311 |
Carriage by Air Acts (Application of Provisions) Order 1967 (SI 1967/480) ............................ |
310, 313 |
|
Carriage by Air Act (Implementation of Protocol No 4 of Montreal, 1975) |
|
|
Order 1999 (SI 1999/1312)................................................................................................ |
|
311, 389 |
Carriage by Air Act (Application of Provisions) (Fifth Amendment) Order 1999 |
|
|
(SI 1999/1737) ................................................................................................................... |
|
311, 389 |
Carriage by Air Acts (Implementation of the Montreal Convention 1999) |
|
|
Order 2002 (SI 2002/263) .................................................................................................. |
|
311, 389 |
Carriage by Air and Road Act 1979 (Commencement No 2 Order) (SI 1997/2565) ......................... |
311 |
|
Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (Interim Relief) Order 1997 (SI 1997/302).......... |
492, 525 |
|
Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Order 2001 (SI 2001/3929) ................................................. |
|
488, 492 |
Art 12........................................................................................................................................ |
|
501 |
Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (SI 1998/3132) ...................................... |
488, 491, 498, 501, 588, 614–15 |
|
r 1.4(2)(a) ................................................................................................................................ |
|
614 |
r 1.4(2)(e) ................................................................................................................................ |
|
614 |
Pt 6................................................................................................................................... |
|
488, 491 |
r 6.36 ...................................................................................... |
498, 499, 501, 504, 505, 506, 526 |
|
PD 6B, para 3.1(2) .................................................................................................................... |
|
498 |
PD 6B, para 3.1(3) .................................................................................................................... |
|
504 |
PD 6B, para 3.1(4) .................................................................................................................... |
|
504 |
PD 6B, para 3.1(5) .................................................................................................................... |
|
526 |
PD 6B, para 3.1(6) ................................................................................................... |
|
498, 505, 506 |
PD 6B, para 3.1(7) .................................................................................................................... |
|
498 |
PD 6B, para 3.1(9) ........................................................................................................... |
|
498, 499 |
PD 6B, para 3.1(15) .................................................................................................................. |
|
501 |
PD 6B, para 3.1(16) .................................................................................................................. |
|
501 |
Pt 20......................................................................................................................... |
|
504, 505, 506 |
r 62.10 ...................................................................................................................................... |
|
588 |
Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002 (SI 2002/2013) ........................................... |
112 |
|
Electronic Signatures Regulations 2002 (SI 2002/318)...................................................................... |
|
122 |
reg 3.......................................................................................................................................... |
|
131 |
reg 4.......................................................................................................................................... |
|
131 |
reg 5.......................................................................................................................................... |
|
132 |
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Law Applicable to Contracts of Insurance) |
|
|
Regulations 2001 (SI 2001/2635)................................................................................................ |
|
561 |
liv | |
TABLE OF STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS |
|
|
Railways (Convention on International Carriage by Rail) Regulation (SI 2005/2092)....................... |
337 |
|
Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments (Australia) Order 1994 (SI 1994/1901) ................... |
573 |
|
Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgments (Canada) Order 1987 (SI 1998/3132) ..................... |
573 |
|
Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1994 (SI 1994/3159) ........................................... |
556 |
|
UK Commercial Agents (Council Directive) Regulations 1993 (SI 1993/3053) ................................ |
379 |
|
Reg 2(1) ................................................................................................................................... |
379 |

Table of European Legislations
Decisions
2003/568/JHA (Council Framework Decision of 22 July 2003 on combating corruption in the private sector (OJ L 192 of 31.07.2003) … 631
2005/790/EC (On the Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters) … 570
2006/325/EC (On the Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters) … 570
2007/712/EC (Revising the Lugano Convention On the Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement
of judgments in civil and commercial matters) … 484, 491, 498, 518, 524–6, 570, 571, 573
Art 5(5) … 490
Art 6(2) … 504
Art 16 … 489
Art 17 … 489
Art 18 … 491
Art 21 … 489
Art 22 … 489
Art 32 … 489
Art 64 … 484
Directives
73/239/EEC (Non-Life Assurance Directive) … 561
86/653/EEC (Self-Employer Commercial Agents Directive) … 379
Art 17 … 530, 551
Art 18 … 530, 551
88/357/EEC (Non-Life Insurance Directive) … 529, 530, 561–4
Art 2(d) … 562
Art 5 … 561
Art 7 … 561
Art 7(1)(a) … 563
Art 7(1)(b) … 563
Art 7(1)(c) … 563
Art 7(1)(d) … 563
Art 7(1)(e) … 563
Art 7(1)(f) … 562
Art 7(1)(h) … 562, 563
Art 7(2)(ii) … 563
90/314/EC (Package Travel, Package Holidays and Package Tours Directive) … 554
90/618/EEC (Life Insurance Directive) Art 2 … 561
92/49/EC (Non-Life Insurance Amendment Directive) … 561, 562
Art 27 … 561
93/13/EEC (Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Directive) … 514, 530, 556
Art 6(2) … 556
94/47/EEC (Timeshare Directive) … 530, 553, 556
Art 9 … 556
95/46/EEC (Personal Data Protection Directive) … 132
96/71/EEC (Posting of Workers in the Framework of the Provision of Services Directive) … 560
Art 6 … 487
97/7/EEC (Distance Contracts Directive) … 530, 556
Art 12(2) … 556
98/34/EC (Information Society Services Directive) … 113
Art 1(2) … 113
98/48/EC (Information Society Service Amendment Directive) … 113

lvi | |
TABLE OF EUROPEAN LEGISLATIONS |
99/44/EC (Sale of Consumer Goods and Associated Guarantees Directive) … 530, 556
99/93/EC (Electronic Signatures Directive) … 121–2, 127, 130–2
Art 2(1) … 131
Art 2(2) … 131
Art 2(10) … 130
Art 3 … 130
Art 3(3) … 130
Art 5 … 506
Art 5(1) … 132
Art 6 … 127
Art 6(1) … 131
Art 6(2) … 131
Art 8(2) … 132
Annex I … 131
Annex II … 130–1
2000/31/EC (E-Commerce Directive) … 112, 489, 491, 541, 621
Art 1(5) … 113
Art 2 … 113
Art 2(f) … 113
Art 3 … 565
Art 4 … 113
Art 5 … 115
Art 5(1) … 113
Art 5(1)(f) … 114
Art 6 … 114, 115
Art 7 … 115
Art 8 … 115
Art 9 … 114, 115
Art 9(1) … 114
Art 9(2) … 114
Art 10 … 114, 115
Art 11 … 115
Art 12 … 115
Art 13 … 115
Art 14 … 115
Art 14(3) … 115
Art 15 … 115
Art 16(1)(b) … 115
Recital 19 … 541
Recital 21 … 542
Recital 20 … 542
2002/65/EC (Consumer Financial Services Directive) … 530, 556
2002/83/EC (Life Insurance Directive) … 529, 530, 561, 562, 563
2004/39/EC (Markets in Financial Instruments Directive) … 537, 554
2008/52/EC (Certain Aspects of Mediation in Civil and Commercial Matters Directive) … 622
Art 1(2) … 622
Art 2(1) … 622
Art 3(a) … 622
Art 4 … 622
Art 6 … 622
Art 7 … 622
Art 7(1) … 622
Art 7(1)(a) … 622
Art 7(1)(b) … 622
Art 10 … 622
2009/138/EC (Solvency II) … 513 Art 13(13) … 562
Art 13(14) … 562
Art 13(27) … 561
Regulations
2100/94/EEC (Regulation on Community Plant Variety Rights) … 486
1346/2000/EC (Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings) … 485
44/2001/EC (Regulation on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters) (Brussels I Regulation) … 484–7, 570, 571
Chap I (Art 1) … 571
Art 1(2)(a) … 492
Art 1(2)(d) … 513
Chap II (Arts 2–31) … 487, 504, 510–11,
571
Art 3(2) … 573
Art 4 … 491, 512, 573
Art 5(1) … 492, 493–8, 504, 511
Art 5(3) … 498–501, 512
Art 5(5) … 490–1, 511, 512, 513, 518, 541 Art 5(6) … 501
Art 6 … 501
Art 6(1) … 501, 502–4, 512, 518
Art 6(2) … 504–5, 512
Art 6(3) … 505, 518
TABLE OF EUROPEAN LEGISLATIONS |
| lvii |
||
Art 8 … 492, 511, 512, 572 |
|
Art 28 … 519, 522–4, 577 |
|
|
|
||
Art 9 … 492, 572 |
|
Art 28(3) … 505 |
|
Art 9(1)(a) … 511 |
|
Art 29 … 520 |
|
Art 9(1)(b) … 511 |
|
Art 31 … 524–6, 573 |
|
Art 9(1)(c) … 512 |
|
Chap III (Arts 32–56) … 490, 570, 571, 572, |
|
Art 9(2) … 510 |
|
573 |
|
Art 10 … 492, 572 |
|
Art 33 … 572 |
|
Art 11 … 492, 572 |
|
Art 34 … 572 |
|
Art 11(2) … 511, 512 |
|
Art 34(1) … 573, 574, 575 |
|
Art 11(3) … 512 |
|
Art 34(2) … 574, 575, 576 |
|
Art 12 … 492, 572 |
|
Art 34(3) … 577 |
|
Art 12(1) … 511, 512 |
|
Art 34(4) … 577 |
|
Art 12(2) … 512 |
|
Art 35 … 572 |
|
Art 13 … 492, 512, 572 |
|
Art 35(1) … 572, 573 |
|
Art 13(1) … 511, 512 |
|
Art 35(2) … 573 |
|
Art 13(2) … 512 |
|
Art 35(3) … 572, 573 |
|
Art 13(5) … 513 |
|
Art 36 … 572 |
|
Art 14 … 492, 572 |
|
Art 38 … 572 |
|
Art 14(5) … 513 |
|
Art 45(1) … 572, 573, 575, 577 |
|
Art 15 … 492, 553, 572 |
|
Art 45(2) … 572, 574 |
|
Art 15(1) … 511, 513, 514, 515–17 |
|
Art 47(2) … 575 |
|
Art 15(2) … 510 |
|
Art 54 … 576 |
|
Art 15(3) … 515 |
|
Chap IV (Art 57–58) … 577 |
|
Art 16 … 492, 572 |
|
Chap V (Arts 59–65) |
|
Art 16(1) … 511, 513 |
|
Art 59 … 573 |
|
Art 16(2) … 511,513 |
|
Art 60 … 489 |
|
Art 17 … 492, 572 |
|
Art 60(1) … 489 |
|
Art 17(1) … 511 |
|
Art 60(2) … 489 |
|
Art 18 … 492, 511, 517–18 |
|
Art 61 … 574 |
|
Art 18(2) … 510 |
|
Chap VI (Art 66) … 513, 571, 573 |
|
Art 19 … 492, 517–18 |
|
Chap VII (Art 67–72) |
|
Art 19(1) … 511 |
|
Art 71 … 520, 571 |
|
Art 20 … 492, 517–18 |
|
Art 72 … 573 |
|
Art 20(1) … 511, 518 |
|
6/2002/EC (Regulations on Community |
|
Art 20(2) … 518 |
|
Designs) … 486 |
|
Art 21 … 492, 517–18 |
|
2201/2003/EC (Regulation concerning |
|
Art 21(1) … 511 |
|
Jurisdiction and the Recognition |
|
Art 21(2) … 518 |
|
and Enforcement of Judgments in |
|
Art 22(1) … 492 |
|
Matrimonial Matters and the |
|
Art 22 … 506, 520, 572 |
|
Matters of Parental |
|
Art 22(4) … 573 |
|
Responsibility) … 485 |
|
Art 23 … 501, 505, 506, 507–10, |
|
805/2004 (Regulation Creating a European |
|
520–1 |
|
Enforcement Order for Uncontested |
|
Art 23(1)(a) … 507 |
|
Claims) … 571 |
|
Art 24 … 509, 511, 512, 518 |
|
Chap II … 571 |
|
Art 27 … 519, 520–2, 577 |
|
Chap III … 571 |
|
Art 27(1) … 520 |
|
Chap IV … 571 |
|

lviii | |
TABLE OF EUROPEAN LEGISLATIONS |
864/2007/EC (Regulation on the Law Applicable to Non-Contractual Obligations) (Rome II Regulation) … 548, 564
Art 1(1) … 564
Art 1(2) … 564
Art 1(3) … 564
Art 2(1) … 568
Art 3 … 564
Chap II (Arts 4–9) … 565, 566
Art 4 … 568
Art 4(1) … 565
Art 4(2) … 565
Art 4(3) … 559, 565
Art 6(1) … 566
Art 6(2) … 566
Art 6(3) … 566
Art 7 … 566
Art 10 … 548, 567
Art 10(1) … 567
Art 10(2) … 567
Art 10(3) … 567
Art 10(4) … 567
Art 11 … 567
Art 11(3) … 567
Art 12 … 548, 567
Art 12(1) … 530, 568
Art 12(2) … 568
Art 14 … 566
Art 15 … 566
Art 15(c) … 566
Art 16 … 566
Art 17 … 565, 566
Art 18 … 511, 567
Art 22(1) … 566
Art 23(1) … 565
Art 23(2) … 565
Art 24 … 564
Art 26 … 566
Art 27 … 564, 565
Art 28(1) … 565
Art 28(2) … 565
593/2008/EC (Regulation on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations) (Rome I Regulation)
Art 1 … 533
Art 1(1) … 528
Art 1(2) … 529
Art 1(2)(a) … 529, 546
Art 1(2)(b) … 529
Art 1(2)(c) … 529
Art 1(2)(d) … 529
Art 1(2)(e) … 529
Art 1(2)(f) … 529, 546
Art 1(2)(g) … 529
Art 1(2)(h) … 529
Art 1(2)(i) … 529
Art 1(2)(j) … 529
Art 1(3) … 529, 530
Art 1(4) … 529
Art 2 … 528
Art 3 … 498, 530, 534, 551, 555, 556, 559,
562
Art 3(1) … 531, 532, 534
Art 3(2) … 531
Art 3(3) … 528, 531, 532
Art 3(4) … 532, 555
Art 3(5) … 531
Art 4 … 498, 530, 533, 535, 537, 538, 539, 542, 543–4, 551, 555, 556
Art 4(1) … 541, 542
Art 4(2) … 541
Art 4(1)(a) … 540
Art 4(1)(b) … 540
Art 4(1)(c) … 539
Art 4(1)(g) … 539
Art 4(1)(h) … 539, 554
Art 4(2) … 539, 542
Art 4(4) … 542
Art 4(5) … 543–4
Art 5 … 531, 537, 538, 553
Art 5(1) … 538, 539
Art 5(2) … 538, 539, 556
Art 5(3) … 538, 556
Art 6 … 531, 537, 553, 555
Art 6(1) … 553, 554
Art 6(2) … 553, 559
Art 6(3) … 555
Art 6(4)(a) … 553
Art 6(4)(b) … 554
Art 6(4)(c) … 553
Art 6(4)(d) … 554
Art 6(4)(e) … 554
Art 7 … 531, 537, 553
Art 7(1) … 562

TABLE OF EUROPEAN LEGISLATIONS |
| lix |
Art 7(2) … 561, 562, 564
Art 7(3) … 539, 562, 563, 564
Art 7(3)(i) … 563
Art 7(3)(ii) … 563
Art 7(3)(iii) … 563
Art 7(4) … 561, 563, 564
Art 7(4)(a) … 564
Art 7(5) … 563, 564
Art 7(6) … 562
Art 8 … 531, 537, 539, 553, 557, 559, 560 Art 8(1) … 559
Art 9 … 531, 559
Art 9(1) … 551
Art 9(2) … 549, 551, 555
Art 9(3) … 549
Art 10 … 531
Art 10(1) … 545
Art 10(2) … 545
Art 11 … 531, 545–6
Art 11(1) … 546
Art 11(2) … 546
Art 11(5) … 546
Art 12 … 531
Art 12(1) … 545
Art 12(1)(b) … 547
Art 12(1)(c) … 547
Art 12(1)(d) … 547
Art 12(1)(e) … 548
Art 12(2) … 547
Art 13 … 531, 546
Art 14 … 531
Art 15 … 531
Art 16 … 531
Art 17 … 531
Art 18 … 531
Art 18(2) … 546
Art 19 … 531, 541
Art 19(1) … 541
Art 19(2) … 541
Art 19(3) … 542
Art 20 … 531, 533
Art 21 … 531, 548, 549
Art 22(1) … 528
Art 23 … 530, 556, 561
Art 24(1) … 528
Art 25 … 530
Art 28 … 528
Art 29 … 528
861/2008/EC (Regulation on a European Small Claims Procedure) … 571
4/2009/EC (Regulation on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions and Cooperation in matters relating to Maintenance Obligations) … 485
207/2009/EC (Regulation on Community Trade Marks) … 486, 487
1215/2012 Regulation amending the
(Brussels I Regulation) – pending … 484, 570
Recommendations
R89(9) Recommendation on Computer Related Crime 1989 … 136, 140
R95(13) Recommendation Concerning Problems
of Criminal Procedural Law connected to
Information Technology and Explanatory
Memorandum 1995 … 136, 141–6
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