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the pre-emptionthesis since it requiresevery personin every case to consider the merits of the case before he can decide to accept an authoritativeinstruction",thus denying that authoritativedirectives "can serve the mediatingrole assigned to them above"(Raz 1986, p. 61). In this way Raz might be able to defend the sources thesis, but at the cost of giving up his theory of authority.And if the theory of authorityis given up, there seems to be little reason not to confine the sourcesthesis to an updatedversionof Ihering's

Begriffshimmel.28

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