ИГПЗС учебный год 2023 / Dynastic Right

sistently connected the present king's status with an ancient act of the Estates, or the "Mystical Body of the Realm"; the idea of the Princes of the Blood nowhere suggests any such relationship between the crown and the people. Indeed, when the birth of Louis XIV was celebrated on a medal as the Ortus Solis Gallici, "the

rising of the Gallic sun," and the babe Louis pictured as a young Apollo rising in his chariot, we have so far lost the constitutional bearings of royal legitimacy that it seems to issue from the will of the Almighty.'59 The quantity of artistic and literary propaganda in the reign of Louis XIV that branded men's minds with this kind of thought will be found to outweigh by far the kind of legal-juristic speculation which still had predominated in the sixteenth century.

conceited act of Louis XIV to bring the hearts of deceased members of the royal family together in a royal shrine at Val-de-Gracel60 indicates that the Sun-King had deceived himself about the existence of a mystique

de sang royal.

Without accusing Prince Sixte de Bourbon of har- boring such feelings as these in the twentieth century, we may still wonder whether he would not have found, had he looked deeper into his heritage, that the progres- sive exaltation of the Princes of the Blood-as if they were called at the moment of birth to greatness and distinction, instead of merely enjoying the chance that the law some day would call them to a great duty-was a kind of self-centeredness that led the Capetian dynasty away from the vital juristic basis of the fundamental law.

160See J.-J.-J. Servier, Le Val-de-Grace,35-41, Paris, 1888.

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Adoption of heir, in Roman empire, 34; in France, 12, 34 Agnatic succession, in feudal law, 9 (& n. 24), 32, 33; sub-

sumed in Princes of the Blood, 37, 40

Alencon, John II Duke of, treason trial (1457), 27, 28 n. 96 Andreas of Isernia (d. 1316), on primogeniture,34 n. 127 d'Angleberme,Jean Pyrrhus (fl. 1500), on Salic Law, 20; on

representation,25 n. 86

Anjou, Francis Duke of (d. 1584), 30, 31

Antoine of Bourbon,King of Navarre (d. 1562), 25, 31 Aquinas, St. Thomas, as source for Terre Rouge, 12, 15 (&

n. 47), 35 n. 137

Aragon, succession to throne of, 13, 27

Aristotle, as source for Terre Rouge, 12, 15 (& n. 47); on society, 24

Aubain, and royal family, 40

Baldus de Ubaldus (d. 1400), on feudal succession,9-11, 29, 35, 38; on right of first-born, 10, 27 n. 91; hypothesizes Bourbon

succession,10, 32; alleged by others, 12, 23, 26 n. 90, 27 n. 95, 30 n. 107

Bartolus of Sassoferrato (d. 1357), 12, 23

Belloy, Pierre de (fl. 1585), on simple succession, 17 Benedicti, Guillaume (fl. 1500), on suitas, 24; on father-son

continuity, 15 n. 47, 38 n. 146; on simple succession, 17; on le mort saisit le vif, 11 (& n. 29)

Bignon, Jerome (fl. 1600), on relations of French dynasties, 37 n. 142

Blood right, of Princes of the Blood (q.v.), 38-40, 41, 42; Merovingianand Carolingian,38; of "Jean I" of France, 41;

Bodin, Jean (d. 1596), theory of royal succession,29-30; change in views, 31; on le mort saisit le vif, 11 (& n. 29); on simple

succession, 17

Bohier, Nicholas (d. 1539), on primogenitary right, 9 n. 22, 25 n. 85

Bonaud de Sauset, Jacques de (fl. 1525), on hereditary royal powers, 38 n. 145; editor of Terre Rouge, 12 n. 34

Bourbon de Parme, Prince Sixte de, on founding of Spanish Bourbondynasty, 3 (& n. 1), 4, 41, 42

Bourbon dynasty in France, accession hypothesizedby Baldus, 9, 10, 32; accession to throne, 22, 25, 30-31, 36, 37; blood mysticism and absolutism,4, 40; ranks altered by Louis XIV, 3, 41; see also Huguenots, Antoine of Bourbon,CharlesCardi-

nal of Bourbon, Henry IV

Bourbondynasty in Spain, accession, 3, 36 n. 138, 41; claimants to French throne, 3 n. 2; see also Bourbonde Parme, Jaime,

Philip V

Canon law, general effect on laws of succession, 6-7; use by Terre Rouge, 12; avoided by Hotman, 32.

Decretum: alius (c. 3, C. XV, qu. 6), 7 n. 13, 16 n. 51, 28

Clementines: de aetate & qualitate (I, 6), 22 n. 79

Capetiandynasty (direct line, 987-1328), connectionto Saxons, 37 n. 142; advent and legitimacy, 5-7, 29; system of rex designatus,6, 8; use of conceptdignitas, 7 (& n. 14); hereditary principle and primogeniture,7, 8 (& notes 17, 20); as feudal monarchs, 10-12, 38; dependence upon coronation-

consecration (q.v.), 5, 7 (& n. 14), 38; end of direct line, 11; see also Hugh Capet, Valois, Bourbons, Princes of the Blood

Carolingian dynasty, initiates royal consecration,4-5; regards realm as patrimony,5; link to Capetiandynasty, 7 n. 14, 37,

38; rise of hereditary feudality, 8; link to Merovingians, 37 n. 142, 38

Catherinede' Medici, and Princes of the Blood, 39 Charlemagne,and Roman Law, 19

Charles of Bourbon, Cardinal and so-called "Charles X" (d. 1590), 25, 30 n. 110, 31

Charles Martel, "legitimization"of, 41 n. 158

Charles IV, King of France, last of direct Capetians, 19, 33 n. 120

Charles VI, King of France, crisis at his death, 12, 14; royal descent from him, 34-35 and fig. 2.

Charles VII, King of France, right to regency powers and

throne, 12-16 passiin; lit de justice in 1457, 27-28; family tree from Charles VI, 34-35 and fig. 2; and Princes of the

Blood, 39

Charles VIII, King of France, coronation entry in 1484, 18 n. 63, 20; descent from Charles VI, 34-35 and fig. 2

Charles IX, King of France, and Princes of the Blood, 39-40 (& n. 154)

Christ as antitype of rulers, unigenitus and primogenitus, 8

(& n. 21); consanguineouswith kings, 38 n. 145

Clovis, baptism,4, 5, 20; legend of, 5 (& n. 8), 6, 20; initiator of Frankish kingdom, 37, 38

Collateral heirs, in feudal law, 8-10 passim, 35; by representa- tion (q.v.) in Roman law, 24-25; in Aragon and Majorca, 27; see also Agnatic succession,Suitas

Coquille, Guy (d. 1603), on simple succession, 17; legend of Frankish kings, 37 n. 142

Coronation-consecration,of Clovis, 4, 5, 20, 37, 38; basis of Carolingian legitimacy, 4-5 (& note 4), 38, 40; in Capetian dynasty, 6 (& n. 12), 10, 40; of Charles VIII, 20; of Henry IV, 31 n. 114; see also Holy Balm, King's Evil

Corpus luris Canonici, see Canon law Corpus Iuris Civilis, see Roman law

Customarylaw, influenceon law of successionvia Terre Rouge, 12-17 passim, 27, 31; in thought of Du Moulin, 26-29; in

thought of Hotman, 32-34; expressed in cout,umiiers,7, 8, 26, 29, 33; on droit d'ainesse,8 n. 20; and blood right, 40-41

Le Debat des herauts d'armes de France et d'Angleterre

(1458/1459), 18

Decius, Philip (d. 1536), on primogeniture,34 n. 127

Dignity, crown or royal office as, 5, 7, 40; concept dignitas in canon law, 7 (& n. 14), 32; great fiefs as, 10 (& n. 25), 29; primogenituralright as, 8 n. 19; 26-27 (& n. 90); suitas as,

35 n. 135; le mort saisit le vif inapplicable to, 11 n. 29; dig- nitas basically anti-dynastic, 11 n. 29, 27, 32

Divine law, 4-6; approves primogeniture,26; see also Corona- tion-consecration

Droit d'ainesse,correspondencewith primogeniture(q.v.), 8-9; in representation,25, 35; in Du Moulin's thought, 26; in Hotman's thought, 33, 35

Du Moulin, Charles (d. 1566), views on royal succession, 17,

26-29; on customarylaw, 32

Dupuy, Pierre (d. 1651), on simple succession, 17; criticizes Salic Law, 21 n. 75

Du Tillet, Jean (fl. 1550), on Princes of the Blood, 39 notes 148-150; on Jean I, 41 n. 157

Edward III, King of England, claims French throne, 18 (& n. 57), 19 n. 64

Egidius Romanus (d. 1316), 12

Elective principle,disallowed in France, 6, 7 n. 13, 8 n. 17, 11, 29; upheldby Hotman, 30; necessary if royal line expires, 27

Estates (in France), approved original law of succession, 13, 21, 37, 42; cannot alter establishedsuccession, 16; empowered if dynasty expires, 11, 27, 28; Hotman's view of, 30-31; Estates of 1328, 19; Estates of 1577, 30 n. 110; Estates of 1588, 31 n. 114

8tablissements de St. Louis, on seizin, 10, 11 n. 29

Ferrault, Jean (fl. 1510), on Salic Law, 21 n. 73

Feu, Jean de (fl. 1510), on primogenitaryright, 28 (& n. 100) Feudal law and fiefs, laws of succession generally, 7-12, 29, 37, 38, 40; relation to Salic Law, 18, 32; representationin feudal succession, 24, 33; Du Moulin on De feudis, 26-29; see also

Primogeniture, Droit d'ainesse, Libri feudorlum Filiational right, see under Patria potestas

Fisc, of realm, 9, 10

Fortescue, Sir John (d. 1479), on English royal succession, 18 n. 57

Francis I, King of France, title to throne and accession, 25, 34-35 and fig. 2

Francis II, King of France, coronationof, 39 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, on

(& n. 127)

Fundamentallaw (regarding succession), in sixteenth century, 25-38 passim; in Bourbontimes, 3-4, 37; of Du Moulin, 26-

29; of Bodin, 29-30; of Hotman, 30-37; of Loyseau, 37-38; and Princes of the Blood, 40, 42

Galen (fl. A.D.200), on genetics, 15 n. 47

Gerson,Jean (d. 1428), on hereditarysuccession,11; on father- son continuity,38 n. 146

Golein, Jean (fl. 1375), on "sacred line" of kings, 5 n. 10, 38 n. 145

Grassaille, Charles de (fl. 1540), on simple succession, 17; on Salic Law, 21 n. 73

Guise family, opposes Bourbons,9 n. 24; see also Ligue

Hall, Edward (fl. 1545), on Salic Law, 21 n. 76

Henry I, King of France, 7 n. 14

Henry II, King of France, on Princes of the Blood, 39

Henry III, King of France, end of Valois dynasty, 25, 30, 36; on Princes of the Blood, 39, 40

Henry IV, King of France and Navarre, right to throne and accession, 25, 30, 31-32; strengthens dynastic theory, 36, 37,

40; see also Huguenots

Henry V, King of England, adoptedas heir to French king, 12 Henry VI, King of England, "inherits"French crown, 12

Hereditary succession,does not apply in France, 6, 7 n. 13, 13, 29, 36, 37; does apply in France, 11, 37; applies in Hungary, 6, 13; applies in Aragon and Majorca, 27; distinct from "simple succession" (q.v.), 12-13, 17, 29, 30, 36; in feudal law, 8-9, 27; heirs in Roman law (q.v.), 22-25; see also

Primogeniture, Droit d'ainesse

Hincmar, Archbishop of Rheims (d. 882), and myth of corona- tion-consecration, 4

Holinshed, Raphael (fl. 1570), on Salic Law, 21 n. 76

Holy Balm, myth of, 4, 5, 6 n. 12, 15 n. 48, 37, 38; see also

King's Evil

Holy RomanEmpire, elective principlein, 6; as a Dignity, 7, 16

Hotman, Frangois (d. 1590), theory of royal succession,30-37; on seizin, 11 (& n. 29); editor of Terre Rouge, 12 n. 34, 31 n. 115; on simple succession, 17; attacks Salic Law, 21, 32;

on suitas, 32-35, 39

Hugh Capet, accession, 5; genearch of Capetians (q.v.), 36, 37

Huguenots, and Canon law, 7; and Salic Law, 31 n. 114; and Bourbonline, 9 n. 24; position upheld by Hotman, 30, 31, 32

Hungary, royal succession in, 6, 13

Libri feudorum, on succession to fiefs, 7-8, 9, 11, 18; cited by

Louis IX, King of France, canonization enhances dynasty, 5-6;

coronation,6; son's primogenituralright, 25 n. 85; genearch of French dynasty, 36-37

Louis X, King of France, 11, 41

Louis XI, King of France, descent from Charles VI, 34-35 and

Merovingiandynasty,basis of legitimacy,4, 6, 38, 40; deposition of, 7 n. 13, 28 n. 101; Capetianslinked to, 37 (& n. 142); see

Mystical body of the realm, 13 (& n. 39), 16 (& n. 51), 42 Nature and natural law, in Terre Rouge's thought, 14, 15; in

Hotman'sthought, 32, 33, 36; and Princes of the Blood, 40, 41

Oldradusde Ponte (d. 1335), on representation,25 n. 85

Parlement of Paris, registers Treaty of Troyes, 12; lit de justice of 1457, 27-28; and Princes of the Blood, 39, 40

Patria potestas, traditional Roman law view of, 13, 14, 27, 39; affected by doctrine of suitas, 22-24; condominionof father and son, 14, 15, 27, 38; ius filiationis, 14, 15, 16, 39; limited in French royal succession, 13, 14 (& n. 43)

Peers of the realm, and lit de justice of 1457, 28; relation to Princes of the Blood, 39, 40

Pepin, King of the Franks, consecrationof, 4

Perilli, Angelo (d. 1446), on suitas, 22-23 (& notes 79-81) Petrus de Vinea (d. 1249), letter regarding primogeniture,33

(& n. 127)

Pharamond, legendary king of the Franks, 5, 20 n. 69; and Salic Law, 18-20 (& n. 65), 37

Philip II, King of France, as rex designatus, 6, 13; weds

Carolingianprincess, 38; and Peers of the realm, 39

Philip III, King of France, acclaimed king before coronation, 6, 7, 25 n. 85

Philip IV, King of France, adopts title primogenitus,8 n. 20; ancestor of English kings, 18 n. 57

Philip V, King of Spain, 3

Philip VI, King of France, first of Valois kings, 11, 18, 33 n. 120; supposedlyalleges Salic Law, 18-19 (& notes 64, 66)

Popes and papal authority, influence on royal succession, 6, 7 n. 13, 16 (& n. 51); as a Dignity itself, 7; Pope Zacharias

on Carolingian dynasty, 5, 7 n. 13; Popes Symmachus and Gregory VII on papal merits, 6 n. 11; Gregory the Great on rex juvenis [see Canonlaw], 6; Alexander III on Hungarian and French crowns, 6, 7 n. 14; Innocent III on Imperial suc- cession, 6; Benedict XII on exclusion of women from French throne, 11 n. 30

26-28; in Hotman's thought, 33-34, 37; subsumedin Princes

of the Blood, 37, 40; see Hereditary succession, Droit d'ainesse

Princeps iuventutis,34 (& n. 130) Princes of the Blood, 36, 37, 38-40, 41, 42

Rebuffi,Pierre (fl. 1550), stresses Roman law, 29 n. 104; con- sanguinity of French king with Christ, 38 n. 145

Regnaud, Jean (end 15th cent.), on suitas, 23-24

Remi (St.), Bishop of Rheims, baptism of Clovis, 4 Representation (in legal successions), in Roman civil law, 24-

25, 27, 32; in French royal succession,25, 32-33, 35, 37

Rex designatus,in early Capetiandynasty, 5-6, 8 (& n. 20), 13 Rex juvenis, son of king as, 6, 26

Roman Law, heirs and inheritance in, 22-25, 33, 35, 39, 40;

guardianship in, 15 n. 46; in Carolingian times, 19; in Terre Rouge's thought, 12; in Hotman's thought, 32; rela-

tion to French law, 26, 34; see Hereditary succession, Patria potestas, Representation,Suitas

Corpus luris Civilis, and Libri feudorum,7; and patria potestas, 14; lex regia in, 20; general influenceof, 22; disparaged by Hotman, 32; in Renaissancethought, 36

Digest 1, 1, 1, 13 n. 35; 1, 1, 5, 26 n. 90; 1, 3, 32 & 33, 13 n. 37; 1, 7, 22, 14 n. 42; 6, 1, 1, 20 n. 71; 11, 7, 6, 14 n. 42;

28, 2, 11, 6, 7 n. 13, 14 n. 41, 23 n. 81; 28, 2, 29, 14; 28, 5, 58, 35 n. 138; 33, 4, 4, 20 n. 71; 37, 8, 1, 34 n. 130; 38, 1, 29, 14 n. 42; 38, 2, 1 & 2, 14; 38, 2, 5, 14; 38, 9, 1, 23 n. 80; 38,

16, 1, 34 n. 130, 35 n. 137; 48, 20, 6, 34 n. 130; 50, 16, 220, 35 n. 137

Codex 6, 55, 12, 14; 6, 58, 15, 14; 1, 3, 33, 22 n. 79; 6, 55, 8, 22 n. 79; 1, 3, 54, 23 n. 79; 6, 9, 4, 23 n. 80

Institutes 1, 2, 13 n. 35; 2, 19, 2, 23 n. 80; 3, 2 and 3, 3, 13 n. 37

Novels, extend principle of representation,24; Nov. 118, 1, 14 n. 43; Nov. 81, 22 n. 79.

Sacral kingship, see Coronation-consecration

Salic Law, applied to French royal succession, 17-22, 39; Pharamond the supposed law-giver, 18-20, 37; accession of

Bourbondynasty, 21-22; supposedallegation at Valois acces- sion, 11, 18-19; mentionedby Bodin, 29, 30; by Du Moulin, 28; by Hotman, 21, 32, 36; by CharondasLe Caron, 20-21;

appliedto Italian royal succession, 18 n. 58; see also Women (exclusion of)

San Georgio, CardinalGiovanni Antonio da, on primogeniture, 25 notes 85, 87

Scriptores historiae augustae, on princeps inventutis, 34 n. 130

Scriptures, as source of primogenitaryrights (Gen. 25, Exod. 11, Deut. 21, Ps. 109), 8 n. 19, 26 n. 90

Seizin, see under Maxims: Le mort saisit le vif

Seyssel, Claudede (d. 1520), treatise on French monarchy,26; name associatedwith tract La Loy salique, 18 n. 61, 26

Shakespeare,on Salic Law in Henry V, 21 (& n. 76)

Simple succession (or "successive right"), developed by Terre Rouge, 12-17 passim; in Bodin and Hotman, 29, 30

Songe du vergier (ca. 1376), on magical powers of the king, 6 n. 12; on le mort saisit le vif, 10, 11 n. 29; on election of

kings, 11 (& n. 32)

Spanish succession,see Bourbondynasty in Spain

Suitas, meaning, origin and history, 22-25; applied to French royal succession by Hotman, 31, 32, 33-35, 39; subsumedin Princes of the Blood, 37

Terre Rouge, Jean de (fl. 1420), theory of succession, 7 n. 13, 12-17; career and nature of treatise, 12, 26; publication of treatise, 12 (& n. 34), 21, 31 (& n. 115); on simple succes-

sion and primogeniture,8 n. 21, 12-17 passim; on blood right, 15, 39; on father-son continuity, 23; cited by Du Moulin, 27, 28, 29; utilized and publishedby Hotman, 31, 32, 34, 36; ideas reflectedin Loyseau, 37; influenceof ideas, 17

Testamentary succession, in Aragon, 13, 27; not in French royal succession, 13 (& n. 37), 14, 37

Tiraqueau,Andre (d. 1558), on le mort saisit le vif, 11 n. 29 Treaty of Troyes (1420), 12

Val-de-Grace,as royal family shrine, 42

Valois dynasty, beginningof, 11, 33 n. 120; as feudal monarchy, 11; expiration of, 32, 40; link to Bourbon dynasty (q.v.),

10, 36, 37

Women, exclusion from succession,in feudal law, 8; in French royal succession, 11, 29; subsumedin Princes of the Blood, 37-38; see Salic Law