Учебный год 22-23 / Габов А.В. - Ценные бумаги вопросы теории и правового регулирования рынка - 2011
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<1> : "SEC. 2. (77b) (a)
DEFINITIONS. - When used in this title, unless the context otherwise requires - (1) The term "security" means any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security, certificate of deposit, or group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security", or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing" ( : http:// www.sec.gov/ about/ 1laws/ sa33.pdf).
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<4> . . . . 42, 52 - 59. . : Corporations and Others Business Organizations: Cases and Materials / By Melvin Aron Eisenberg. 8th ed., unabridged. New York: Foundation Press, 2000. P. 1293 - 1294.
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. . McGinty, "in drafting the definition of security, Congress faced two opposing problems. On the one hand, if it defined "security" to include only arrangements with same name as instruments traded on securities exchenges (like "stock" and "bonds"), shady promouters could escape the securities laws simply by labeling their instrument schemes with unusual names. On the other hand, if Congress defined "security" overbroadly (for exsample, to include "any... evidence of indebtedness"), the securities laws could apply to I.O.U.s given between friends to a private school for the duration of their child's enrollment" (Corporations and Others Business Organizations: Cases and materials. P. 1293).
<5> Howey test .: Corporations and Others Business Organizations: Cases and Materials. P. 1293 - 1310.
<6> , .: Securities and futures act 2001 : "securities" means - (a) debentures or stocks issued or proposed to be issued by a government; (b) debentures, stocks or shares issued or proposed to be issued by a corporation or body unincorporate; (c) any right, option or derivative in respect of any such debentures, stocks or shares; (d) any right under a contract for differences or under any other contract the purpose or pretended purpose of which is to secure a profit or avoid a loss by reference to fluctuations in - (i) the value or price of any such debentures, stocks or shares; (ii) the value or price of any group of any such debentures, stocks or shares; or (iii) an index of any such debentures, stocks or shares; (e) any unit in a collective investment scheme; (f) any unit in a business trust; or (g) any derivative of a unit in a business trust, but does not include - (i) futures contracts which are traded on a futures market; (ii) bills of exchange; (iii) promissory notes; or (iv) certificates of deposit issued by a bank or finance company whether situated in Singapore or elsewhere" ( :
http:// statutes.agc.gov.sg/ non_version/ cgi-bin/ cgi_retrieve.pl?actno= REVED-289§doctitle= SECURITIES %20AND %20FUTURES %20ACT %0A§date= latest§method= part).
Securities contracts (regulation) act, 1956 "securities include -
(i) shares, scrips, stocks, bonds, debentures, debenture stock or other marketable securities of a like nature in or of any incorporated company or other body corporate" (http:// www.sebi.gov.in/ acts/ contractact.pdf).
<7> , http://fsahandbook.info
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Section CANNEX I DIRECTIVE 2004/39/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instruments amending Council Directives 85/611/EEC and 93/6/EEC and Directive 2000/12/EC of the European Parlament and of the Council and repealing Council Directive 93/22/EEC (http:// eur-lex.europa.eu/ LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri= CONSLEG:2004L0039:20060428:EN:PDF)): "(a) transferable securities; (b) money-market instruments; (c) units in collective investment undertakings; (d) options, futures, swaps, forward rate agreements and any other derivative contracts relating to securities, currencies, interest rates or yields, or other derivative instruments, financial indices or financial measures which may be settled physically or in cash; (e) options, futures, swaps, forward rate agreements and any other derivative contracts relating to commodities that must be settled in cash or may be settled in cash at the option of one of the parties (otherwise than by reason of a default or other termination event); (f) options, futures, swaps and any other derivative contract relating to commodities that can be physically settled provided that they are traded on a regulated market and/or an MTF; (g) options, futures, swaps, forwards and any other derivative contracts relating to commodities, that can be physically settled not otherwise mentioned in (f) and not being for commercial purposes, which have the characteristics of other derivative financial instruments, having regard to whether, inter alia, they are cleared and settled through recognised clearing houses or are subject to regular margin calls; (h) derivative instruments for the transfer of credit risk; (i) financial contracts for differences; and (j) options, futures, swaps, forward rate agreements and any other derivative contracts relating to (i) climatic variables; (ii) freight rates; (iii) emission allowances; (iv) inflation rates or other official economic statistics; (v) telecommunications bandwidth; (vi) commodity storage capacity; (vii) transmission or transportation capacity relating to commodities, whether cable, pipeline or other means; (viii) an allowance, credit, permit, right or similar asset which is directly linked to the supply, distribution or consumption of energy derived from renewable resources; (ix) jmsa geological, environmental or other physical variable; (x) any other asset or right of a fungible nature, other than a right to receive a service, that is capable of being transferred; (xi) an index or measure related to the price or value of, or volume of transactions in any asset, right, service or obligation" (http:// fsahandbook.info/ FSA/ html/ handbook/ Glossary/F).
, , securities The Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001
(Statutory Instrument 2001 N 3755): "securities" means shares, stock, debentures, debenture stock, loan stock, bonds, units of a collective investment scheme within the meaning of section 235 of the 2000 Act, rights under a depositary receipt within the meaning of paragraph 4 of Schedule 2 to the Criminal Justice Act 1993, and other securities of any description, and interests in a security" (http:// www.opsi.gov.uk/ si/ si2001/ 20013755.htm).
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