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THE METHOD OF CELLULAR AND ORGANISMIC STUDY OF THE STATE OF VEGETATION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A NEGATIVE FACTOR TO ASSESS THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

V.S. Golovina

Voronezh State Technical University, Russian Federation,

394006, Voronezh, street, 20-letiia Oktiabria, 84

*Corresponding author: Viktoriya S. Golovina, E-mail: vika.vica.golovina@mail.ru

Plants as the most vulnerable (directly experiencing the impact of anthropogenic factors) are the object of a qualitative study of the vital status at the cellular and morpho-physiological level. The impact of the pollutant affects the transpiration of the plant, leading to plugging of stomatal slits with dust, their permeability is blocked, deformation of stomata and damage to plant organs, necrosis, chlorosis, pigmentation, discoloration. The most frequent visual result of the interaction of a plant with a chemical agent (an ingredient of the composition of vehicle exhaust) is observed in the appearance of silvery spots of sulfuric acid on the leaf plates of the plant after interaction with sulfur dioxide (SO2). The stomatal apparatus (respiratory system) of the studied herbaceous plant species, changes in it under the influence of road pollutants of the studied biotope were studied. Created prerequisites for further research using electron microscopes to obtain additional results. A reconnaissance study of urban flora (identification of the

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floristic composition of the studied biotope), complex botanical field and laboratory studies on the pledged sites were carried out. Using a light microscope, by laboratory way, the plant's reaction was investigated at the cellular level, using the stomatal apparatus condition method (by AK Frolov, 1978) from exposure to atmospheric pollutant – microscopy was performed on the prepared preparations of the lower and upper epidermis taken from the leaf. The ingredient composition of motor vehicle emissions, groups and types of the main ingredients (by toxicity and percentage) in motor vehicle emissions has been identified and the mechanism of influence of each of the atmospheric pollutants on the plant organism has been studied. Data were obtained for each plant species, based on the general state of the organism and the accompanying changes in the studied atmospheric conditions and the individual characteristics of the organism.

Keywords: herbaceous plant species, stomatal apparatus, vehicle exhausts, light microscope, diagnosis, influence

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