Энергетические характеристики жидких топлив и определение основных параметров камеры ЖРД (96

Физико-химические константы метана

Химическая формула

СН4

Молярная масса, г/моль

16

Температура плавления, К

90,5

Теплота сгорания, МДж/кг

50,08

Свойства в точке нормального кипения:

температура, К

111,4

плотность, кг/м3

424

Полная энтальпия при температуре 111,4 К, кДж/кг

209,125

Энтальпия образования, кДж/кг

–4651

pк

γ

pа

1,13

1,14

1,15

1,16

1,17

20

3,9941

3,9363

3,8803

3,8260

3,7735

40

6,7721

6,6460

6,5244

6,4069

6,2935

60

9,3025

9,1067

8,9182

8,7365

8,5614

80

11,6875

11,4213

11,1654

10,9192

10,6822

100

13,9716

13,6346

13,3110

13,0001

12,7012

150

19,3800

18,8652

18,3720

17,8991

17,4456

200

24,4927

23,7995

23,1364

22,5017

21,8940

250

29,3995

28,5277

27,6949

26,8987

26,1372

300

34,1501

33,0997

32,0972

31,1400

30,2253

400

43,2978

41,8904

40,5496

39,2712

38,0517

500

52,0895

50,3258

48,6475

47,0495

45,5271

750

72,9971

70,3454

67,8280

65,4367

63,1636

1000

92,8465

89,3109

85,9601

82,7824

79,7667

1500

130,4951

125,2028

120,1990

115,4649

110,9828

2000

166,2904

159,2537

152,6121

146,3389

140,4097

2500

200,7823

192,0117

183,7445

175,9463

168,5851

3000

234,2781

223,7825

213,9001

204,5883

195,8078

3500

266,9726

254,7599

243,2713

232,4559

222,2669

4000

299,0000

285,0771

271,9903

259,6801

248,0919

4500

330,4578

314,8310

300,1531

286,3559

273,3769

5000

361,4200

344,0951

327,8324

312,5553

298,1931

5500

391,9445

372,9267

355,0852

338,3345

322,5960

6000

422,0776

401,3718

381,9571

363,7388

346,6302

6500

451,8574

429,4683

408,4853

388,8048

370,3319

7000

481,3157

457,2474

434,7009

413,5634

393,7316

7500

510,4791

484,7357

460,6300

438,0403

416,8547

8000

539,3706

511,9558

486,2953

462,2577

439,7230

8500

568,0099

538,9274

511,7159

486,2348

462,3554

9000

596,4144

565,6675

536,9088

509,9881

484,7683

9500

624,5992

592,1912

561,8888

533,5324

506,9761

10000

652,5777

618,5118

586,6690

556,8805

528,9916

pк

γ

pа

1,18

1,19

1,2

1,21

1,22

20

3,7225

3,6730

3,6251

3,5785

3,5333

40

6,1838

6,0778

5,9753

5,8762

5,7802

60

8,3926

8,2297

8,0725

7,9207

7,7741

80

10,4541

10,2343

10,0225

9,8183

9,6214

100

12,4138

12,1373

11,8710

11,6147

11,3677

150

17,0103

16,5925

16,1911

15,8053

15,4344

200

21,3116

20,7534

20,2180

19,7042

19,2109

250

25,4085

24,7108

24,0424

23,4017

22,7874

300

29,3509

28,5145

27,7140

26,9475

26,2132

400

36,8878

35,7761

34,7139

33,6984

32,7269

500

44,0757

42,6913

41,3701

40,1084

38,9029

750

61,0016

58,9441

56,9847

55,1177

53,3378

1000

76,9032

74,1822

71,5953

69,1342

66,7916

1500

106,7365

102,7109

98,8922

95,2675

91,8247

2000

134,8016

129,4938

124,4669

119,7029

115,1853

2500

161,6316

155,0588

148,8418

142,9572

137,3838

3000

187,5224

179,6988

172,3063

165,3163

158,7027

3500

212,6610

203,5986

195,0430

186,9603

179,3193

4000

237,1755

226,8846

217,1766

208,0123

199,3552

4500

261,1588

249,6487

238,7978

228,5614

218,8980

5000

284,6812

271,9600

259,9747

248,6749

238,0139

5500

307,7975

293,8727

280,7606

268,4052

256,7545

6000

330,5516

315,4300

301,1982

287,7942

275,1610

6500

352,9794

336,6673

321,3221

306,8761

293,2670

7000

375,1108

357,6140

341,1613

325,6793

311,1005

7500

396,9708

378,2947

360,7401

344,2278

328,6848

8000

418,5810

398,7307

380,0794

362,5420

346,0401

8500

439,9599

418,9402

399,1970

380,6394

363,1836

9000

461,1237

438,9390

418,1086

398,5355

380,1304

9500

482,0865

458,7412

436,8279

416,2436

396,8936

10000

502,8610

478,3590

455,3669

433,7756

413,4849

pк

γ

pа

1,23

1,24

1,25

1,26

1,27

20

3,4893

3,4467

3,4052

3,3648

3,3256

40

5,6873

5,5972

5,5100

5,4255

5,3436

60

7,6324

7,4955

7,3630

7,2349

7,1109

80

9,4313

9,2478

9,0706

8,8994

8,7340

100

11,1296

10,9000

10,6785

10,4647

10,2583

150

15,0776

14,7343

14,4037

14,0852

13,7784

200

18,7371

18,2818

17,8441

17,4230

17,0178

250

22,1980

21,6322

21,0888

20,5668

20,0649

300

25,5093

24,8343

24,1867

23,5650

22,9679

400

31,7971

30,9067

30,0537

29,2361

28,4520

500

37,7505

36,6482

35,5934

34,5834

33,6160

750

51,6399

50,0193

48,4718

46,9931

45,5796

1000

64,5603

62,4339

60,4063

58,4719

56,6254

1500

88,5529

85,4415

82,4811

79,6627

76,9779

2000

110,8986

106,8285

102,9618

99,2861

95,7900

2500

132,1018

127,0928

122,3397

117,8268

113,5394

3000

152,4410

146,5089

140,8855

135,5513

130,4886

3500

172,0912

165,2493

158,7687

152,6266

146,8018

4000

191,1719

183,4315

176,1052

169,1665

162,5909

4500

209,7694

201,1405

192,9784

185,2531

177,9366

5000

227,9489

218,4402

209,4513

200,9481

192,8994

5500

245,7610

235,3806

225,5727

216,2996

207,5266

6000

263,2462

252,0013

241,3816

231,3458

221,8555

6500

280,4376

268,3348

256,9099

246,1178

235,9169

7000

297,3624

284,4079

272,1839

260,6417

249,7360

7500

314,0439

300,2433

287,2259

274,9390

263,3342

8000

330,5016

315,8602

302,0546

289,0284

276,7295

8500

346,7525

331,2752

316,6864

302,9257

289,9375

9000

362,8113

346,5028

331,1353

316,6447

302,9719

9500

378,6910

361,5557

345,4139

330,1977

315,8444

10000

394,4030

376,4450

359,5331

343,5953

328,5656

pк

γ

pа

1,28

1,29

1,3

1,35

1,4

20

3,2875

3,2504

3,2142

3,0472

2,9000

40

5,2641

5,1869

5,1121

4,7688

4,4705

60

6,9908

6,8745

6,7619

6,2479

5,8048

80

8,5740

8,4192

8,2695

7,5889

7,0057

100

10,0590

9,8663

9,6801

8,8362

8,1165

150

13,4826

13,1973

12,9220

11,6810

10,6318

200

16,6278

16,2521

15,8901

14,2643

12,8984

250

19,5823

19,1180

18,6711

16,6701

14,9971

300

22,3942

21,8428

21,3125

18,9437

16,9713

400

27,6996

26,9774

26,2839

23,1982

20,6452

500

32,6888

31,7997

30,9468

27,1637

24,0495

750

44,2275

42,9337

41,6950

36,2316

31,7757

1000

54,8618

53,1766

51,5654

44,4879

38,7538

1500

74,4191

71,9790

69,6507

59,4819

51,3209

2000

92,4628

89,2946

86,2761

73,1462

62,6801

2500

109,4639

105,5874

101,8984

85,9032

73,2204

3000

125,6805

121,1117

116,7678

97,9826

83,1523

3500

141,2744

136,0263

131,0404

109,5272

92,6059

4000

156,3555

150,4392

144,8223

120,6336

101,6691

4500

171,0029

164,4281

158,1899

131,3712

110,4044

5000

185,2762

178,0514

171,2002

141,7917

118,8587

5500

199,2215

191,3544

183,8979

151,9353

127,0683

6000

212,8756

204,3733

196,3181

161,8338

135,0616

6500

226,2686

217,1372

208,4898

171,5131

142,8619

7000

239,4252

229,6707

220,4366

180,9946

150,4883

7500

252,3663

241,9940

232,1786

190,2961

157,9568

8000

265,1097

254,1245

243,7327

199,4328

165,2809

8500

277,6705

266,0772

255,1136

208,4178

172,4724

9000

290,0621

277,8650

266,3339

217,2624

179,5412

9500

302,2961

289,4994

277,4048

225,9765

186,4961

10000

314,3827

300,9902

288,3360

234,5688

193,3449

pa

γ−1

1

γ−1

γ

γ

2

γ−1

p

а

γ

γ−1

p

Kт.п

= 2

1−

1

+

к

γ+1

2γ

γ−1

γ2

−1

pк

p

γ

1− p

a

к

pк

γ

pа

1,08

1,09

1,1

1,11

1,12

20

1,6624

1,6551

1,6480

1,6412

1,6346

40

1,7727

1,7625

1,7526

1,7432

1,7340

60

1,8322

1,8202

1,8087

1,7976

1,7869

80

1,8723

1,8591

1,8464

1,8341

1,8223

100

1,9024

1,8881

1,8745

1,8613

1,8487

150

1,9547

1,9386

1,9232

1,9084

1,8941

200

1,9901

1,9727

1,9560

1,9400

1,9247

250

2,0167

1,9983

1,9806

1,9637

1,9474

300

2,0379

2,0186

2,0001

1,9824

1,9654

400

2,0703

2,0496

2,0299

2,0110

1,9929

500

2,0946

2,0729

2,0522

2,0323

2,0133

750

2,1372

2,1136

2,0910

2,0695

2,0488

1000

2,1662

2,1412

2,1173

2,0946

2,0728

1500

2,2054

2,1785

2,1528

2,1283

2,1049

2000

2,2322

2,2038

2,1768

2,1511

2,1266

2500

2,2523

2,2229

2,1949

2,1682

2,1428

3000

2,2684

2,2381

2,2093

2,1818

2,1557

3500

2,2818

2,2507

2,2212

2,1931

2,1664

4000

2,2931

2,2614

2,2313

2,2026

2,1754

4500

2,3030

2,2708

2,2401

2,2110

2,1832

5000

2,3118

2,2790

2,2479

2,2183

2,1902

5500

2,3196

2,2864

2,2548

2,2248

2,1963

6000

2,3267

2,2930

2,2611

2,2307

2,2019

6500

2,3332

2,2991

2,2668

2,2361

2,2069

7000

2,3391

2,3046

2,2720

2,2410

2,2116

7500

2,3446

2,3098

2,2768

2,2455

2,2158

8000

2,3496

2,3146

2,2813

2,2498

2,2198

8500

2,3490

2,3139

2,2807

2,2491

2,2192

9000

2,3588

2,3232

2,2894

2,2573

2,2269

9500

2,3630

2,3271

2,2931

2,2608

2,2302

10000

2,3670

2,3308

2,2965

2,2640

2,2332

pк

γ

pа

1,13

1,14

1,15

1,16

1,17

20

1,6283

1,6222

1,6163

1,6106

1,6051

40

1,7253

1,7168

1,7086

1,7007

1,6931

60

1,7767

1,7668

1,7573

1,7481

1,7392

80

1,8110

1,8001

1,7896

1,7795

1,7698

100

1,8365

1,8248

1,8136

1,8027

1,7923

150

1,8805

1,8673

1,8547

1,8426

1,8309

200

1,9099

1,8958

1,8822

1,8691

1,8565

250

1,9318

1,9169

1,9025

1,8887

1,8755

300

1,9492

1,9336

1,9186

1,9042

1,8904

400

1,9755

1,9589

1,9429

1,9276

1,9129

500

1,9951

1,9777

1,9610

1,9450

1,9296

750

2,0291

2,0103

1,9922

1,9749

1,9583

1000

2,0520

2,0321

2,0131

1,9949

1,9774

1500

2,0826

2,0613

2,0409

2,0214

2,0028

2000

2,1032

2,0809

2,0596

2,0392

2,0197

2500

2,1186

2,0955

2,0735

2,0524

2,0323

3000

2,1308

2,1071

2,0845

2,0629

2,0423

3500

2,1409

2,1167

2,0935

2,0715

2,0504

4000

2,1495

2,1248

2,1012

2,0787

2,0573

4500

2,1569

2,1318

2,1078

2,0850

2,0633

5000

2,1634

2,1379

2,1137

2,0906

2,0685

5500

2,1692

2,1434

2,1189

2,0955

2,0732

6000

2,1745

2,1484

2,1236

2,0999

2,0773

6500

2,1792

2,1529

2,1278

2,1039

2,0811

7000

2,1836

2,1570

2,1317

2,1076

2,0846

7500

2,1876

2,1608

2,1353

2,1110

2,0878

8000

2,1914

2,1643

2,1386

2,1141

2,0907

8500

2,1908

2,1637

2,1380

2,1135

2,0902

9000

2,1981

2,1706

2,1445

2,1197

2,0961

9500

2,2011

2,1735

2,1472

2,1222

2,0985

10000

2,2040

2,1762

2,1498

2,1246

2,1007

pк

γ

pа

1,18

1,19

1,2

1,21

1,22

20

1,5998

1,5946

1,5897

1,5849

1,5803

40

1,6858

1,6787

1,6719

1,6653

1,6589

60

1,7307

1,7224

1,7145

1,7068

1,6994

80

1,7604

1,7513

1,7426

1,7342

1,7260

100

1,7823

1,7726

1,7632

1,7542

1,7455

150

1,8196

1,8088

1,7984

1,7883

1,7786

200

1,8444

1,8328

1,8216

1,8108

1,8004

250

1,8627

1,8504

1,8386

1,8273

1,8164

300

1,8771

1,8643

1,8520

1,8402

1,8289

400

1,8988

1,8852

1,8722

1,8597

1,8476

500

1,9149

1,9007

1,8871

1,8740

1,8614

750

1,9424

1,9271

1,9125

1,8984

1,8849

1000

1,9607

1,9447

1,9293

1,9146

1,9004

1500

1,9850

1,9679

1,9515

1,9358

1,9207

2000

2,0011

1,9833

1,9662

1,9499

1,9342

2500

2,0131

1,9947

1,9771

1,9603

1,9441

3000

2,0225

2,0037

1,9857

1,9684

1,9519

3500

2,0303

2,0111

1,9927

1,9751

1,9583

4000

2,0369

2,0173

1,9986

1,9807

1,9636

4500

2,0425

2,0227

2,0037

1,9856

1,9682

5000

2,0475

2,0274

2,0082

1,9898

1,9722

5500

2,0519

2,0315

2,0121

1,9936

1,9758

6000

2,0558

2,0353

2,0157

1,9969

1,9790

6500

2,0594

2,0387

2,0189

2,0000

1,9819

7000

2,0627

2,0418

2,0218

2,0028

1,9846

7500

2,0657

2,0447

2,0245

2,0053

1,9870

8000

2,0685

2,0473

2,0270

2,0077

1,9892

8500

2,0679

2,0467

2,0265

2,0072

1,9887

9000

2,0735

2,0520

2,0315

2,0119

1,9932

9500

2,0758

2,0542

2,0335

2,0139

1,9951

10000

2,0779

2,0562

2,0354

2,0157

1,9968

pк

γ

pа

1,23

1,24

1,25

1,26

1,27

20

1,5758

1,5715

1,5673

1,5633

1,5594

40

1,6527

1,6468

1,6410

1,6354

1,6301

60

1,6923

1,6854

1,6787

1,6722

1,6660

80

1,7182

1,7106

1,7033

1,6962

1,6894

100

1,7372

1,7291

1,7212

1,7137

1,7064

150

1,7693

1,7603

1,7516

1,7432

1,7351

200

1,7904

1,7807

1,7714

1,7624

1,7537

250

1,8058

1,7957

1,7859

1,7764

1,7673

300

1,8179

1,8073

1,7972

1,7874

1,7779

400

1,8360

1,8248

1,8141

1,8037

1,7937

500

1,8493

1,8377

1,8265

1,8157

1,8053

750

1,8719

1,8594

1,8474

1,8359

1,8247

1000

1,8868

1,8737

1,8612

1,8491

1,8375

1500

1,9063

1,8924

1,8791

1,8663

1,8540

2000

1,9192

1,9048

1,8909

1,8776

1,8649

2500

1,9286

1,9138

1,8996

1,8859

1,8728

3000

1,9361

1,9209

1,9063

1,8924

1,8790

3500

1,9421

1,9267

1,9119

1,8976

1,8840

4000

1,9472

1,9315

1,9165

1,9021

1,8882

4500

1,9516

1,9357

1,9205

1,9059

1,8918

5000

1,9554

1,9394

1,9239

1,9092

1,8950

5500

1,9588

1,9426

1,9270

1,9121

1,8978

6000

1,9619

1,9455

1,9298

1,9147

1,9003

6500

1,9646

1,9481

1,9322

1,9171

1,9025

7000

1,9671

1,9505

1,9345

1,9192

1,9046

7500

1,9694

1,9527

1,9366

1,9212

1,9065

8000

1,9716

1,9547

1,9385

1,9230

1,9082

8500

1,9710

1,9542

1,9380

1,9225

1,9077

9000

1,9754

1,9583

1,9419

1,9263

1,9113

9500

1,9771

1,9599

1,9435

1,9277

1,9127

10000

1,9787

1,9614

1,9449

1,9291

1,9140