Чучкина Хоw то маке а пресентатион 2011

The language of presentation often contains less formal vocabulary than that of academic writing, so take care not to use the less formal expressions in the written work. Use active verbs instead of passive verbs. Active verbs are much easier to understand. They are much more powerful.

Compare those two sentences, which say the same thing:

1.Toyota sold two million cars last year.

2.Two million cars were sold by Toyota last year.

Introducing the presenter

•Let's welcome Carmen Gregori, who's going to talk to us today on the subject of 'Healthcare in Paraguay'.

•OK, thank you everybody. Now, Dr Ulla Fensel is going to present her research to us.

•Now I'd like to call on Mieko to make /give her presentation. Mieko, thank you.

•I'd like to introduce Dr. Li Maiju, who's going to address the topic of ' Preventive medicine'.

Getting started

'In this presentation I'd like to focus on recent developments in biomass fuels. I'll speak for about 45 minutes, to allow time for questions and comments. Feel free to interrupt if you have any questions or want to make a comment.'

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'First I'll give a brief overview of the current situation with regard to intellectual property rights, then I'd like to raise a few issues concerning the internert. I'll try to leave time for questions at the end.'

'I'd like to begin by looking at some previous studies of ocean temperatures. There's a handout going round, and there are some spare (extra) copies here if you want them.'

'In this talk I'll present the results of a study I did for my dissertation. I'll try not to go over time and keep to 20 minutes.'

Presentation skills

An effective speaker is well prepared, enthusiastic, and communicates easily with the audience. A successful presentation needs to be well planned. Below are some ideas that may assist in the process of preparing and giving a presentation.

Preparing a presentation

•Know your subject well in order your talk confidently.

•Use brief notes or cards to refer to during your talk, rather than

reading from a long written text.

•Give your talk a clear, logical structure with an introduction, main points which are linked, and a conclusion.

•Be realistic about the amount of information you can include in your talk, and support your main points with examples and other relevant details.

•Think about your audience and their knowledge of the subject. Try to anticipate the kind of questions they may ask.

•Check how long your talk will take by practising beforehand.

•Practise with the equipment you are going to use, if possible.

•Make your visual aids clear and easy to understand. They should be visible from every part of the room.

•Check your visual aids and handouts for spelling and grammar mistakes.

•Practise the pronunciation of unfamiliar words before your talk. Check in a dictionary or ask someone who speaks English well to help you.

Giving a presentation

•Face the audience. Make as much eye contact as possible.

•Tell the audience what you are going to do.

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•Keep your language simple; avoid complex sentences.

•Speak slowly and remember to pause from time to time.

•Have a drink of water near you during the talk.

•Enjoy yourself!

Part 5

Ex.9. Study the sentences with the underlined words and expressions in the left column. Then find their interpretation in the right one.

During the presentation – and closing it.

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Part 6 Essential language of presentation

It is helpful for an audience if the presenter guides them through the structure of a talk. Below is a list of expressions which can be used to signal the different stages of a presentation.

A. The Introduction

Greeting the audience

Good morning (afternoon, evening) Good evening ladies and gentlemen Hello everybody.

I was very happy to be invited to speak to you today. It's very nice to be here.

I'm very pleased to be with you. It's a pleasure to be here today.

Introducing yourself

My name's [your name] and I'm from or (I represent) [company name].

I am the [your job] at [company name].

I think you all know me. (if giving a talk to colleagues, for example)

Explaining the purpose of your talk

I'm here today to talk to you about (the subject of your talk) I've come here today to explain…, (look at …, describe…) I'd like to talk to you about (investments).

Outlining the structure of the talk

I've divided my talk into four parts. My talk will focus on three main areas.

I plan to talk about history, the present situation and the future development of (the coffee industry).

In the first part I will look at (the background).

The second part will deal with (the consumers' perception of the product).

In the final part I'll show you (the new sales figures).

Saying how long your talk will take

My talk will take about forty minutes. I plan to speak for about thirty minutes.

Saying when you prefer to answer questions

I'll be happy to answer your questions at the end of my talk.

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Please feel free to interrupt me during my talk if you have a question. B. The main body

Moving to the first point

I'd like to start now by looking at (the figures for 2007).

In this part of my talk I want to look at (the profit and loss account). Firstly, I'd like to consider (the question of data protection).

To begin with, I'm going to review (recent developments in technology).

Ending point

Right, that's all I have to say about (Russia).

Moving to a new point

Moving on now to my next point: (share performance). Now I'd like to look at (the role of the Sales Manager). Let's turn now to (international trade).

Describing a sequence

Firstly, (we proposed changes to the packaging). First of all, (we decided to analyse the competition).

Secondly, (we examined potential markets in the Middle East). Then (we looked at the figures for the last five years).

Next, (the decision was made to cut spending on product development).

After that, (we checked the results).

Finally, (we showed that the market could be turned around in 18 months).

Talking about a previous point

In the introduction I said (I was going to talk about pricing policy). In the first part of my talk I mentioned (the importance of equal op-

portunities).

As I have already said, (tradition is a relevant factor).

Remember what I talked about a moment ago? Now I'd like to (expand on that).

Talking about a future point or piece of information

I'll go into this in more detail at a later stage. I'll come to that later.

Introducing visual aids

Could you please look at the screen for a moment?

As you can see in the diagram, (there's been a steady rise in profits). I'd like to show you an example of what I mean.

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Have a look at (the diagram on the left). Take a look at (this).

Getting back to a main idea

Let me return to what I was saying before.

To get back to my main point: (rates of expansion). As I was saying, (we need to look at the drawbacks).

Involving the audience

As you are aware, (the bid was abandoned). As you know, (the trade gap has narrowed).

You may be aware of (the fall in property prices this month). Can anybody suggest a (figure /reason/ solution)?

Handling interruptions

That's an interesting question. I'll come to that at the end. If I could just answer that later.

Yes, thank you, I was just coming to that.

Summarizing

So, what we have looked at here today is (the outlook for the industry over the next five years).

I'd like to end now by summarizing the main points of my talk. C. Conclusion

Concluding

That's all I have to say about this subject for now. Thank you very much for your attention.

I'd like to end up now by thanking you for your attention.

Inviting questions

I'd be happy to answer your questions now.

If you have any questions I'll be pleased to answer them now. Any questions or comments?

We have some time now for questions and comments.

Handling questions

That's an interesting comment. Thank you for that. Right, thank you for that observation.

That's an interesting question, which I’ll try to answer. I'm afraid I'm not able to answer that question.

I don’t think I can answer that just now but I can try to find out for you.

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Part 7

The language of trends

When giving a presentation, a speaker may use graphs and charts to explain movements and changes in, for example, economic statistics, markets, company performance, share prices, profits, costs, staff turnover, sales figures, and R@D (research and development) spending. To do this effectively, it is important to use the appropriate language.

The words below are commonly used to describe trends. They are grouped according to similarity of meaning.

Upward movement General upward movement

Rapid upward movement

Downward movement

General downward movement

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Rapid downward movement

Highs and lows

No change

Degree of change

To describe the degree of change, think about what is being described, and the period covered. For example, a 1% increase in inflation in one month is generally seen as sharp rise, while a 1% increase in profits over one year would be described as a slight rise.

Ex.10. Look at the graph below showing sales figures for 12 months. Then read the description of the year's performance.

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We started the year at 10,000 units. This was followed by a slight drop in February. Sales rose moderately in March to 12,000 and continued to go up sharply until when they reached a peak of 19,000. In July sales fell dramatically to 8000 units. The situation continued to worsen in August and bottomed out at 6000 in September. Fortunately, October saw a significant increase, and by the end of the year sales had risen to 16,000.

Ex.11. Study the following graphs. Complete the descriptions with information from them and language from the previous page. Discuss them with your teacher

The company came out of the red in 1968 after which there was a

(1)_______ _________

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in profits every year for four years. Profits reached (2) _________ in 1972, but in 1973, the year of the oil crises, there was a (3) ________

___________. The (4) _________ trend in 1974 was smaller, but after that profits continued to (5) ________ ____________ for four tears. The company made a $5 billion loss in 1978, after which the figures (6)

________ ____________, before (7) _________ again in 1982.

The year after we took over the company sales were good, at $12 m, but the second year they (1) ___________ ____________. In fact, they dropped (2) __________ 25%. Sales (3) __________ for another two years, (4) ________ for one year, and then (5) ___________ again twice. Since then, there has been a (6) _________ growth for five years. In fact in just four years, sales rose (7) ___________ $4m (8) ________

$14m, an increase (9)_______ 250%.

Ex.12. Insert the words in the box in the text below.

A period of stock market speculation ended dramatically in October in 1929 with the infamous Wall Street Crash. There followed a dramatic

(1) __________. The economy (2) ________ again after World War II. There was a series of (3) __________ and (4) ___________ in the 1950s. There was a long (5) _________ in the 1960s. Investment reached in the 1960s. Investment reached a (6) ________ in 1972, just

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