УПП / Курс 2 / Семестр 3 / Иностранный язык (английский) / Web 3.2 / Сигарева МА Д211 Web 3.2

Good morning ladies and gentlemen. My name is Marina Sigareva. I I’m a second-year student of railway transportation management faculty. In my report, I will tell you about artificial engineering structures in railway and road transport.

My goal is to talk about artificial engineering structures in transport.

My tasks: 1) Define artificial structures; 2) Describe what is related to artificial structures; 3) Tell us more about bridges, overpasses, viaducts

My presentation will take about 5 minutes. When I'm done, you can ask any questions that interest you.

So let's get started. Artificial structures are the collective name for structures erected at the intersection of rivers, streams, streams of rain and melt water, other railway lines, tramways and highways, mountain ranges, deep gorges and urban areas.

Artificial structures provide:

safe passage of people over or under railway tracks;

stability of steep and deforming slopes;

regulation of water flows in order to protect railways from waterlogging and erosion.

Let's move on to the next slide now. Artificial structures include: bridges, pipes, tunnels, viaducts, overpasses, pedestrian bridges, retaining walls, regulation structures, siphons, galleries, mudflows, chutes, high currents, filtering embankments, ferry berths. More than 90% of all man-made structures are bridges and pipes.

On the next slide, you can see the bridge. A bridge is a structure along which a road is laid through an obstacle. Most often it is a river, a stream of rain and melt water, a stream, railway and tram tracks, a motor road, a deep gorge, an urban area.

Next, I will tell you about overpasses. Overpass - used at the intersection of railways and highways. In cases where the railway passes over the top, the overpass is called the railway, and if the highway passes over the top, it is called the road

Let's move on to the next slide. Viaducts are high bridges (up to 100 meters or more) used when crossing mountain gorges, valleys and ravines.

So, to summarize: Artificial engineering structures are an integral part of transport structures. Traffic safety depends on the reliability of man-made structures. For reliable operation, structures must be sufficiently strong, durable, wear-resistant, solid and at the same time not fragile.

Thank you for your attention.

Are there any questions you would like to ask?