01 POWER ISLAND / 01 CCPP / V. Ganapathy-Industrial Boilers and HRSG-Design (2003)
.pdf
TABLE A10 Saturation Line; Specific Heat Capacity and Transport Properties
t |
tc |
p |
Cpf |
mf 106 nf 106 |
lf 103 |
ðPrÞf |
Cpg |
mg 106 ng 106 |
lg 103 |
ðPrÞg |
||
ð FÞ ð CÞ |
ðlb ft=in:2Þ |
ðBtu=lb FÞ |
ðlb=ft sÞ |
ðft2=sÞ |
ðBtu=ft h FÞ |
ðBtu=lb FÞ |
ðlb=ft sÞ |
ðft2=sÞ |
ðBtu=ft h FÞ |
|||
32 |
0.0 |
0.0886 |
1.006 |
1180.0 |
18.9 |
329 |
12.9 |
0.442 |
5.91 |
19500 |
10.0 |
0.94 |
40 |
4.4 |
0.1217 |
1.004 |
1027.0 |
16.5 |
333 |
11.1 |
0.443 |
6.02 |
14700 |
10.5 |
0.91 |
60 |
15.6 |
0.2562 |
1.000 |
753.0 |
12.1 |
345 |
7.86 |
0.447 |
6.24 |
7530 |
10.9 |
0.92 |
80 |
26.7 |
0.5069 |
0.998 |
576.0 |
9.26 |
354 |
5.85 |
0.447 |
6.47 |
4100 |
11.3 |
0.92 |
100 |
37.8 |
0.949 |
0.998 |
457.0 |
7.37 |
363 |
4.52 |
0.449 |
6.71 |
2350 |
11.7 |
0.93 |
120 |
49.9 |
1.693 |
0.999 |
372.0 |
6.03 |
371 |
3.61 |
0.452 |
6.95 |
1410 |
12.1 |
0.94 |
140 |
60.0 |
2.889 |
1.000 |
311.0 |
5.07 |
378 |
2.96 |
0.458 |
7.20 |
886 |
12.4 |
0.96 |
160 |
71.1 |
4.741 |
1.001 |
264.0 |
4.33 |
383 |
2.48 |
0.465 |
7.45 |
576 |
13.0 |
0.96 |
180 |
82.2 |
7.511 |
1.003 |
229.0 |
3.78 |
388 |
2.13 |
0.474 |
7.70 |
387 |
13.5 |
0.97 |
200 |
93.3 |
11.53 |
1.006 |
201.0 |
3.34 |
392 |
1.86 |
0.484 |
7.96 |
268 |
14.0 |
0.99 |
220 |
104.4 |
17.19 |
1.009 |
179.0 |
3.00 |
394 |
1.65 |
0.495 |
8.22 |
190 |
14.6 |
1.00 |
240 |
115.6 |
24.97 |
1.013 |
160.0 |
2.71 |
396 |
1.47 |
0.508 |
8.50 |
139 |
15.2 |
1.02 |
260 |
126.7 |
35.42 |
1.018 |
145.0 |
2.48 |
397 |
1.34 |
0.522 |
8.77 |
103 |
15.8 |
1.04 |
280 |
137.8 |
49.20 |
1.024 |
133.0 |
2.29 |
397 |
1.23 |
0.538 |
9.05 |
78.2 |
16.5 |
1.06 |
300 |
148.9 |
67.00 |
1.030 |
122.0 |
2.13 |
397 |
1.14 |
0.556 |
9.32 |
60.3 |
17.3 |
1.08 |
320 |
160.0 |
89.64 |
1.038 |
113.0 |
2.00 |
395 |
1.07 |
0.577 |
9.58 |
47.1 |
18.1 |
1.10 |
340 |
171.1 |
118.00 |
1.047 |
105.0 |
1.88 |
393 |
1.01 |
0.600 |
9.85 |
37.3 |
18.9 |
1.13 |
360 |
182.2 |
153.00 |
1.057 |
98.6 |
1.79 |
390 |
0.96 |
0.627 |
10.1 |
29.9 |
19.9 |
1.15 |
380 |
193.3 |
195.7 |
1.069 |
92.7 |
1.70 |
387 |
0.92 |
0.658 |
10.4 |
24.2 |
21.0 |
1.17 |
400 |
204.4 |
247.3 |
1.082 |
87.5 |
1.63 |
382 |
0.89 |
0.692 |
10.6 |
19.8 |
22.1 |
1.19 |
Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc.
420 |
215.6 |
308.8 |
1.097 |
82.9 |
1.57 |
377 |
0.87 |
0.731 |
10.9 |
16.3 |
23.4 |
1.23 |
440 |
226.7 |
381.6 |
1.115 |
78.8 |
1.52 |
371 |
0.85 |
0.774 |
11.2 |
13.6 |
24.9 |
1.25 |
460 |
237.8 |
466.9 |
1.135 |
75.2 |
1.47 |
364 |
0.84 |
0.823 |
11.5 |
11.4 |
26.5 |
1.29 |
480 |
248.9 |
566.1 |
1.158 |
71.9 |
1.44 |
357 |
0.84 |
0.885 |
11.7 |
9.60 |
28.4 |
1.31 |
500 |
260.0 |
680.8 |
1.186 |
68.9 |
1.41 |
349 |
0.84 |
0.951 |
12.1 |
8.14 |
30.5 |
1.36 |
520 |
271.1 |
812.4 |
1.229 |
66.2 |
1.38 |
340 |
0.86 |
1.038 |
12.4 |
6.94 |
32.9 |
1.41 |
540 |
282.2 |
962.6 |
1.275 |
63.7 |
1.37 |
330 |
0.88 |
1.147 |
12.8 |
5.95 |
35.8 |
1.48 |
560 |
293.3 |
1133.2 |
1.338 |
61.5 |
1.36 |
319 |
0.92 |
1.286 |
13.2 |
5.11 |
39.2 |
1.56 |
580 |
304.4 |
1326.1 |
1.420 |
59.8 |
1.36 |
308 |
0.99 |
1.472 |
13.6 |
4.38 |
43.3 |
1.66 |
600 |
315.6 |
1543.3 |
1.520 |
58.0 |
1.37 |
296 |
1.07 |
1.735 |
14.4 |
3.85 |
48.4 |
1.86 |
620 |
326.7 |
1787.1 |
1.659 |
55.7 |
1.37 |
283 |
1.17 |
2.153 |
15.3 |
3.37 |
54.9 |
2.16 |
640 |
337.8 |
2060.3 |
1.880 |
52.9 |
1.37 |
269 |
1.33 |
2.832 |
16.4 |
2.95 |
63.6 |
2.63 |
660 |
348.9 |
2366.0 |
2.310 |
49.5 |
1.37 |
254 |
1.62 |
3.943 |
17.9 |
2.58 |
76.1 |
3.34 |
680 |
360.0 |
2708.3 |
3.466 |
45.2 |
1.37 |
231 |
2.44 |
5.676 |
20.2 |
2.25 |
97.0 |
4.26 |
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Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc.
TABLE A11 Surface Tension of Water
Temp ( F) |
lb ft=ft |
|
103 |
Temp ( F) |
lb ft=ft |
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103 |
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32 |
5.184 |
350 |
2.942 |
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40 |
5.141 |
400 |
2.512 |
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60 |
5.003 |
450 |
2.071 |
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80 |
4.914 |
500 |
1.624 |
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100 |
4.794 |
550 |
1.178 |
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150 |
4.473 |
600 |
0.744 |
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200 |
4.124 |
650 |
0.340 |
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250 |
3.752 |
700 |
0.018 |
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300 |
3.357 |
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Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc.
TABLE A12a Specific Heat at Constant Pressure of Steam and Water ðBtu=lbm FÞ
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Pressure (psia) |
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Temp |
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ð FÞ |
1 |
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2 |
|
5 |
10 |
20 |
50 |
100 |
200 |
500 |
1000 |
2000 |
5000 |
||
1500 |
0.559 |
0.559 |
0.559 |
0.559 |
0.559 |
0.560 |
0.561 |
0.563 |
0.569 |
0.580 |
0.601 |
0.668 |
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1400 |
0.551 |
0.551 |
0.551 |
0.551 |
0.551 |
0.552 |
0.553 |
0.555 |
0.563 |
0.575 |
0.600 |
0.681 |
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1300 |
0.543 |
0.543 |
0.543 |
0.543 |
0.543 |
0.544 |
0.545 |
0.548 |
0.556 |
0.570 |
0.600 |
0.702 |
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1200 |
0.533 |
0.533 |
0.533 |
0.533 |
0.534 |
0.535 |
0.536 |
0.540 |
0.550 |
0.567 |
0.603 |
0.740 |
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1100 |
0.524 |
0.542 |
0.524 |
0.524 |
0.525 |
0.526 |
0.528 |
0.532 |
0.544 |
0.564 |
0.612 |
0.814 |
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1000 |
0.515 |
0.515 |
0.515 |
0.515 |
0.516 |
0.518 |
0.519 |
0.524 |
0.539 |
0.566 |
0.633 |
0.970 |
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900 |
0.506 |
0.506 |
0.506 |
0.506 |
0.507 |
0.509 |
0.512 |
0.518 |
0.537 |
0.576 |
0.683 |
1.382 |
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800 |
0.497 |
0.497 |
0.497 |
0.497 |
0.498 |
0.501 |
0.505 |
0.513 |
0.544 |
0.605 |
0.800 |
2.420 |
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700 |
0.488 |
0.488 |
0.488 |
0.489 |
0.490 |
0.494 |
0.500 |
0.513 |
0.563 |
0.681 |
1.181 |
1.897b |
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600 |
0.479 |
0.480 |
0.480 |
0.481 |
0.483 |
0.489 |
0.499 |
0.522 |
0.621 |
0.888 |
1.453 |
1.253 |
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500 |
0.472 |
0.472 |
0.473 |
0.475 |
0.478 |
0.489 |
0.508 |
0.554 |
0.773 |
1.181 |
1.157 |
1.106 |
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400 |
0.464 |
0.465 |
0.467 |
0.470 |
0.476 |
0.497 |
0.536 |
0.636 |
1.077 |
1.072 |
1.063 |
1.041 |
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300 |
0.458 |
0.459 |
0.463 |
0.469 |
0.482 |
0.524 |
1.029 |
1.028 |
1.027 |
1.024 |
1.019 |
1.006 |
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250 |
0.456 |
0.458 |
0.463 |
0.471 |
0.489 |
1.015 |
1.014 |
1.014 |
1.013 |
1.011 |
1.007 |
0.996 |
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200 |
0.453 |
0.455 |
0.463 |
0.475 |
1.005 |
1.005 |
1.005 |
1.004 |
1.003 |
1.002 |
0.998 |
0.989 |
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150 |
0.451 |
0.455 |
0.866 |
1.001 |
1.000 |
1.000 |
1.000 |
1.000 |
0.998 |
0.997 |
0.993 |
0.984 |
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100 |
0.998 |
0.998 |
0.998 |
0.998 |
0.998 |
0.998 |
0.998 |
0.997 |
0.996 |
0.994 |
0.990 |
0.980 |
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50 |
1.002 |
1.002 |
1.002 |
1.002 |
1.002 |
1.002 |
1.001 |
1.001 |
0.999 |
0.996 |
0.989 |
0.972 |
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32 |
1.007 |
1.007 |
1.007 |
1.007 |
1.007 |
1.007 |
1.006 |
1.006 |
1.003 |
0.999 |
0.990 |
0.969 |
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a Horizontal bars indicate phase change |
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b Critical point (P |
¼ |
3,206.2 psia; T |
¼ |
705.4 F). |
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Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc.
TABLE A12b |
Viscosity of Steam and Water ðlbm=h ftÞ |
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Pressure (psia) |
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Temp |
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( F) |
1 |
2 |
5 |
10 |
20 |
50 |
100 |
200 |
500 |
1000 |
2000 |
5000 |
|
1500 |
0.0996 |
0.0996 |
0.0996 |
0.0996 |
0.0996 |
0.0996 |
0.0996 |
0.0996 |
0.1008 |
0.1008 |
0.1019 |
0.1066 |
|
1400 |
0.0938 |
0.0938 |
0.0938 |
0.0938 |
0.0938 |
0.0938 |
0.0952 |
0.0952 |
0.0952 |
0.0961 |
0.0973 |
0.1019 |
|
1300 |
0.0892 |
0.0982 |
0.0892 |
0.0892 |
0.0892 |
0.0892 |
0.0892 |
0.0892 |
0.0892 |
0.0903 |
0.0915 |
0.0973 |
|
1200 |
0.0834 |
0.0834 |
0.0834 |
0.0834 |
0.0834 |
0.0834 |
0.0834 |
0.0834 |
0.0846 |
0.0846 |
0.0867 |
0.0926 |
|
1100 |
0.0776 |
0.0776 |
0.0776 |
0.0776 |
0.0776 |
0.0776 |
0.0776 |
0.0776 |
0.0788 |
0.0799 |
0.0811 |
0.0892 |
|
1000 |
0.0730 |
0.0730 |
0.0730 |
0.0730 |
0.0730 |
0.0730 |
0.0730 |
0.0730 |
0.0730 |
0.0741 |
0.0764 |
0.0857 |
|
900 |
0.0672 |
0.0672 |
0.0672 |
0.0672 |
0.0672 |
0.0672 |
0.0672 |
0.0672 |
0.0683 |
0.0683 |
0.0707 |
0.0846 |
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800 |
0.0614 |
0.0614 |
0.0614 |
0.0614 |
0.0614 |
0.0614 |
0.0614 |
0.0614 |
0.0625 |
0.0637 |
0.0660 |
0.0973 |
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700 |
0.0556 |
0.0556 |
0.0556 |
0.0556 |
0.0556 |
0.0556 |
0.0568 |
0.0568 |
0.0568 |
0.0579 |
0.0625 |
0.171b |
|
600 |
0.0510 |
0.0510 |
0.0510 |
0.0510 |
0.0510 |
0.0510 |
0.0510 |
0.0510 |
0.0510 |
0.0510 |
0.210 |
0.221 |
|
500 |
0.0452 |
0.0452 |
0.0452 |
0.0452 |
0.0452 |
0.0452 |
0.0452 |
0.0440 |
0.0440 |
0.250 |
0.255 |
0.268 |
|
400 |
0.0394 |
0.0394 |
0.0394 |
0.0394 |
0.0394 |
0.0394 |
0.0394 |
0.0382 |
0.317 |
0.320 |
0.323 |
0.335 |
|
300 |
0.0336 |
0.0336 |
0.0336 |
0.0336 |
0.0336 |
0.0336 |
0.441 |
0.442 |
0.444 |
0.445 |
0.448 |
0.460 |
|
250 |
0.0313 |
0.0313 |
0.0313 |
0.0313 |
0.0313 |
0.551 |
0.551 |
0.551 |
0.552 |
0.554 |
0.558 |
0.569 |
|
200 |
0.0290 |
0.0290 |
0.0290 |
0.0290 |
0.725 |
0.725 |
0.725 |
0.726 |
0.729 |
0.729 |
0.732 |
0.741 |
|
150 |
0.0255 |
0.0255 |
1.032 |
1.032 |
1.032 |
1.032 |
1.032 |
1.032 |
1.033 |
1.034 |
1.037 |
1.044 |
|
100 |
1.645 |
1.645 |
1.645 |
1.645 |
1.645 |
1.645 |
1.645 |
1.645 |
1.645 |
1.646 |
1.646 |
1.648 |
|
50 |
3.144 |
3.144 |
3.144 |
3.144 |
3.144 |
3.144 |
3.144 |
3.142 |
3.141 |
3.139 |
3.134 |
3.119 |
|
32 |
4.240 |
4.240 |
4.240 |
4.240 |
4.240 |
4.240 |
4.240 |
4.239 |
4.236 |
4.231 |
4.222 |
4.192 |
|
a Horizontal bars indicate phase change.
b Critical point (P ¼ 3,206.2 psia; T ¼ 705.4 F).
Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc.
TABLE A12c |
Thermal Conductivity of Steam and Water ½ðBtu=h ft FÞ 103& |
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Pressure (psia) |
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Temp |
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( F) |
1 |
2 |
5 |
10 |
20 |
50 |
100 |
200 |
500 |
1000 |
2000 |
5000 |
|
1500 |
63.7 |
63.7 |
63.7 |
63.7 |
63.7 |
63.8 |
64.0 |
64.3 |
65.4 |
67.1 |
70.7 |
82.0 |
|
1400 |
59.2 |
59.2 |
59.2 |
59.2 |
59.3 |
59.4 |
59.6 |
59.9 |
60.9 |
62.7 |
66.3 |
78.2 |
|
1300 |
54.8 |
54.8 |
54.8 |
54.8 |
54.8 |
54.9 |
55.1 |
55.5 |
56.5 |
58.3 |
62.0 |
74.6 |
|
1200 |
50.4 |
50.4 |
50.4 |
50.4 |
50.4 |
50.5 |
50.7 |
51.0 |
52.1 |
53.9 |
57.8 |
71.6 |
|
1100 |
46.0 |
46.0 |
46.0 |
46.0 |
46.1 |
46.2 |
46.3 |
46.7 |
47.8 |
49.6 |
53.7 |
69.8 |
|
1000 |
41.7 |
41.7 |
41.8 |
41.8 |
41.8 |
41.9 |
42.1 |
42.4 |
43.5 |
45.5 |
50.0 |
70.7 |
|
900 |
37.6 |
37.6 |
37.6 |
37.6 |
37.6 |
37.7 |
37.9 |
38.3 |
39.4 |
41.5 |
46.8 |
80.2 |
|
800 |
33.6 |
33.6 |
33.6 |
33.6 |
33.6 |
33.7 |
33.9 |
34.3 |
35.5 |
37.9 |
44.9 |
129.6 |
|
700 |
29.7 |
29.7 |
29.7 |
29.7 |
29.8 |
29.9 |
30.1 |
30.4 |
31.8 |
35.0 |
47.5 |
262.8b |
|
600 |
26.0 |
26.0 |
26.1 |
26.1 |
26.1 |
26.2 |
26.4 |
26.9 |
28.7 |
34.1 |
301.9 |
333.7 |
|
500 |
22.6 |
22.6 |
22.6 |
22.6 |
22.7 |
22.8 |
23.0 |
23.6 |
26.9 |
350.8 |
357.4 |
373.8 |
|
400 |
19.4 |
19.4 |
19.4 |
19.4 |
19.5 |
19.6 |
20.0 |
21.3 |
383.0 |
384.9 |
388.5 |
398.6 |
|
300 |
16.5 |
16.5 |
16.5 |
16.5 |
16.6 |
16.9 |
396.9 |
397.2 |
398.0 |
399.2 |
402.0 |
409.9 |
|
250 |
15.1 |
15.1 |
15.1 |
15.2 |
15.3 |
396.9 |
397.0 |
397.3 |
398.1 |
399.4 |
402.1 |
409.7 |
|
200 |
13.8 |
13.8 |
13.9 |
14.0 |
391.6 |
391.6 |
391.8 |
392.1 |
393.0 |
394.4 |
397.2 |
404.9 |
|
150 |
12.7 |
12.7 |
380.5 |
380.5 |
380.6 |
380.7 |
380.8 |
381.1 |
382.1 |
383.7 |
386.7 |
394.7 |
|
100 |
363.3 |
363.3 |
363.3 |
363.3 |
363.3 |
363.4 |
363.6 |
363.9 |
365.0 |
366.6 |
369.8 |
378.3 |
|
50 |
339.1 |
339.1 |
339.1 |
339.1 |
339.2 |
339.3 |
339.4 |
339.8 |
340.8 |
342.5 |
345.7 |
354.6 |
|
32 |
328.6 |
328.6 |
328.6 |
328.6 |
328.6 |
328.7 |
328.9 |
329.2 |
330.3 |
331.9 |
335.1 |
344.1 |
|
a Horizontal bars indicate phase change.
b Critical point (P ¼ 3,206.2 psia; T ¼ 705.4 F).
Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc.
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Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc.
JOURNALS
Chemical Engineering. Chemical Week Publishing, New York. Chemical Engineering Progress. AlChe, New York.
Cogeneration and Onsite Power Generation. Science Publishers, London, UK. Heat Transfer Engineering. Taylor & Francis, London, UK.
Hydrocarbon Processing. Gulf Publishing, Houston, Texas. Modern Power Systems. Wilmington Publishing, Kent, UK. Oil and Gas Journal, PennWell. Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Petroleum Technology Quarterly. Crambeth Allen Publishing, London, UK. Plant Engineering. Cahners, Oak Brook, Illinois.
Pollution Engineering. Business News Publishing, Troy, MI. Power. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Power Engineering. PennWell, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
See also http://vganapathy.tripod.com/boilers.html for more articles.
Copyright © 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc.