Учебное пособие 152

Quick, like, new, different, practical, natural, wide, near, close, accurate, high, relative, general, usual, safe, dangerous.

VII Выберите из английских слов соответствующие данным русским словам:

Рост, потребление, снабжение, разработка, понимание, существование,

точность, решение, установка, считать, хранение.

Storage, consider, plant, solution, supply, accuracy, existence, understanding, growth, development, consumption.

VIII. Подберите заголовки абзацам текста из следующих английских фраз. Расположите их согласно последовательности изложения.

1.The power plant operating on a nuclear fuel.

2.The present sources of energy.

3.Nuclear energy and the problems it causes.

4.The necessity of new energy sources.

5.The present sources of fuel.

6.The factors determining the use of nuclear energy.

IX. Закончите следующие предложения, с учетом содержания текста:

1.New sources of energy must be found because …

2.Energy consumption grew…

3.The world's energy supply is …

4.Solar power requires…

5.A nuclear power plant is…

6.The heat is used …

7.The heat is obtained by…

8.A nuclear reactor is a device in which...

9.There are various...

10.All the reactors…

in the twentieth century, technological development, fossil fuels are limited, based on fossil fuels, very much like a steam power plant, to run the electric generator, burning coal or oil, nuclear reactions take place, work on the same principle, types of reactors.

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X. Подберите из следующих слов пары антонимов:

rapid, consumption, major, slow, generation, secondary, safe, danger, future, new, theoretical, near, increase, practical, past, old, benefit, far, decrease.

XI. Замените подчеркнутые слова в следующих предложениях синони-

мами, приведенными ниже:

1.A rapid growth of energy consumption occurred in the twentieth century.

2.A major problem is energy supply.

3.The world’s energy supply is based on fossil fuels.

4.Fossil fuels are limited.

5.Power requires technological development.

6.Different sources of energy have to be found.

7.The wise use of nuclear energy is based on dangers and benefits.

8.Many factors determine the accuracy of the prediction.

9.The cost of a nuclear plant is high.

10.There arc various types of reactors.

11.They operate on the same principle.

Work, different, kinds, unit, price, define, advantages, founded, power, application, must, various, demands, running out, generation, task, main, has taken place, utilization, increase, quick.

XII. Ответьте на вопросы по теме Nuclear Energy:

1.What is this text about?

2.What occurred in the twentieth century?

3.What is the world's energy supply based on?

4.Are fossil fuels limited?

5.What power requires technological development?

6.What has to be found?

7.What is the wise use of nuclear energy based on?

8.What cost is high?

9.There are various types of nuclear reactors, aren't there?

10.What does the use of nuclear energy require?

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XIII. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. В XX-м веке произошел быстрый рост потребления энергии. 2. Ос-

новная проблема – мировые запасы энергии – основаны на ископаемом топ-

ливе. 3. Запасы ископаемого топлива истощаются. 4. Солнечная и ветровая энергии требуют технологической разработки. 5. Должны быть найдены но-

вые источники энергии. 6. Разумное использование ядерной энергии должно основываться на понимании всех опасностей и преимуществ. 7. Стоимость строительства атомной станции высока. 8. Цена ядерного топлива низка. 9.

Атомная энергостанция похожа на паровую станцию. 10. Ядерные реакции происходят в ядерном реакторе. 11. Существуют различные типы реакторов. 12. Все реакторы работают по одному принципу.

XIV. Расскажите об атомной энергии, используя слова и выражения из текста.

Тема 5. Panel Heating

I. Вспомните, какие русские слова имеют те же корни, что и следующие английские:

Atmospheric, ventilation, panel, comfort, temperature, occupants, control, concept, engineer, radiation, transmission, energy, form, convection, components, system, central, specially, radiator, steel, convector, condensate, method, natural.

II. Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

Тo maintain comfort, heat supply, air conditioning, to pay attention to, human being, heating system, central heating, hot-water system, heating equipment, panel heating, loss of heat, emitting surfaces.

Ш. Запишите и выучите слова к теме Panel Heating: Environment = surroundings – окружающая среда contamination = pollution – загрязнение

loss – потеря

with respect to = with regard to – относительно to surround – окружать

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emphasis on = attention to – внимание к...

to connect to – соединять с as for – что касается

to be concerned with = to be related to – касаться, быть связанным с… former – предыдущий, первый из…

latter = the last – последний

IV. Найдите русский эквивалент следующим английским словам:

Сooling, space, removal, precise, contamination, equal, determination, ceiling, loss, a building.

Потолок, здание, помещение, загрязнение, определение, потеря, рав-

ный, точный, удаление, охлаждение.

V. Найдите английский эквивалент следующим русским словам:

Отопление, отрасль, тесно, предмет, предотвращать, внимание, поня-

тие, распространенный, медь, отдавать.

Тo give up, copper, common, concept, attention, to prevent, subject, closely, branch, heating.

VI. Прочитайте и переведите на русский язык тему Panel Heating.

1.Heating and ventilation are two branches of engineering which are very closely connected, they are therefore treated as a dual subject. Both are concerned with providing a required atmospheric environment within a space, the former with respect to heat supply for maintaining comfort of the occupants, the latter with regard to supply and removal of air with emphasis on contamination of the air. Air conditioning is closely related to both heating and ventilation.

2.Heating prevents the too rapid loss of heat from the body. By heating the ambient air of walls, ceiling or floor the rate of heat loss from the body is controlled. Some old concepts of heating were gradually changed since engineers obtained more precise knowledge about how the body loses heat. It may be by radiation or conduction. The determination of the various components of the heating system is based on the fundamental concept that heat supplied to a space equals

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heat lost from the space. The most widely used system of heating is the central

heating, where the fuel is burned in one place.

3.There are two most common systems of heating - hot water and steam. Both systems are widely used nowadays. A hot-water system consists of the boilers and a system of pipes connected to radiators located in rooms to be heated. The pipes, of steel or copper, feed hot water to radiators or convectors.

4.As for steam systems, steam is generated usually in the boiler and the steam is led to the radiators by pipes. The steam gives up its heat to the radiators and the radiators to the room. The condensate is returned to the boiler by gravity or by a pump.

5.Recent efforts to conceal heating equipment have resulted in an arrangement whereby the fluid, hot water, steam, air, or electricity, is circulated through distribution units. Panel heating is a method of introducing heat to rooms, in which the emitting surfaces are usually concealed in the floor, walls, or ceiling. As for fuels used for heating buildings they include coal, oil, gases and wood. There are two other sources: electricity and steam. Nowadays gas fuel is being used on an increasing level.

VII. Образуйте от следующих глаголов, с помощью суффикса -able

(способный к чему-либо), прилагательные и переведите их на русский язык:

Образец: to comfort – утешать, создавать удобство. comfortable – удобный.

to adjust, to move, to use, to suit, to work, to depend, to prefer, to imagine, to enjoy, to settle, to compare, to desire, to accept, to allow, to check, to foresee, to measure, to drink, to eat.

VIII. Дополните предложения по смыслу:

1.Heating and ventilation are two branches of...

2.Heating prevents the loss...

3.Some old concepts of heating were gradually changed since ...

4.Insufficient attention was paid to...

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5.Radiation is the transmission of energy...

6.The most widely used system of heating is...

7.There are two most common systems of heating...

8.A hot-water system consists of...

9.The steam gives up its heat...

10.Fuels for heating buildings include...

IX. Расположите следующие предложения в логической последовательности: 1. Heating prevents the loss of heat from the body. 2. There are two other sources: electricity and steam. 3. Fuels include coal, oil, gases and wood. 4. Steam, hot water, air or electricity is circulated through distribution units. Steam is generated in the boiler. 6. Heating and ventilation are closely connected. 7. There are 2 systems of heating: hot-water and steam. 8. The most widely used system of heating is the central heating. 9. The pipes are usually of steel or copper. 10. The con-

densate is returned to the boiler by gravity or by a pump.

X. Укажите, какое из данных предложений отражает основное содержание текста. 1. The human being loses heat by conduction and convection. 2. Heating is a branch of engineering which is concerned with providing heat supply within a

space. 3. A hot water system consists of the boilers and a system of pipes.

XI. Прочитайте тему еще раз и составьте как можно больше сочетаний со словами heating, ventilation.

XII. Ответьте на вопросы по теме Panel Heating:

1.What branches are heating and ventilation?

2.Are heating and ventilation connected?

3.What are they concerned with?

4.What prevents loss of heat from the body?

5.Why were old concepts of heating changed?

6.What is the most widely used system of heating?

7.How many most common systems of heating are there?

8.What does a hot-water system consist of?

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9.Where are radiators located?

10.How is the condensate returned to the boiler?

11.What is circulated through distribution units?

12.What method is panel heating?

13.What fuels are used for heating buildings?

14.Are there two other sources?

XIII. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:

1. Отопление и вентиляция связаны друг с другом. 2. Они создают не-

обходимую окружающую среду внутри помещения. 3. Отопление препятст-

вует быстрой потере тепла телом. 4. Старые представления об отоплении по-

степенно менялись. 5. Организм может терять тепло путем излучения или те-

плопроводности. 6. Самая широко используемая отопительная система – цен-

тральное отопление. 7. Существуют две системы отопления – паровая и горя-

чеводяная. 8. Обе системы используются в наше время. 9. Пар вырабатывает-

ся в котле и подается в радиаторы. 10. Радиаторы отдают тепло помещению. 11. Панельное отопление является методом введения тепла в помещения, при котором излучающие поверхности спрятаны в пол, потолок или стены. 12.

Топливо, используемое для обогрева зданий, включает уголь, мазут, газ и дрова.

XIV. Расскажите о панельном отоплении, используя слова:

Тwo branches of engineering, provide, heat supply, to be related to, old concepts of heating, central heating, hot-water and steam systems, to consist of, to generate, to return to, to circulate, fuels.

Тема 6. Sewerage

I. Вспомните, какие русские слова имеют те же корни, что и следую-

щие английские слова:

рroblem, press, civilization, result, composition, ground, contain, products, mechanical, chemical, biological, activity, general, type, institution, residence, in-

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dustrial, storm, class, sanitary, combination, material, production, system, method, local, disinfection, bacteria, chemicals.

II. Запишите и выучите слова к теме Sewerage:

No designate – обозначать, называть

sewerage – канализация

waste products – продукты отхода liquid – жидкость

sewage – сточные воды

street flushing operations – поливка улиц domestic sewage – бытовые сточные воды industrial waste – промышленные сточные воды sewer – канализационная труба

treatment plant – очистная станция discharge – сток, сброс сточных вод

raw sewage – необработанные сточные воды primary treatment – первичная обработка paste – тесто

sludge – отстой, ил, осадок

decomposable – способный к разложению

Ш. Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

natural water resources, human society, social and technical progress, ground water, liquid wastes, industrial plants, surface run-off, according to, sanitary (house) sewage, storm sewage, combined sewage, in order to, of animal or vegetable origin, by means of, sewage treatment plant, local conditions, a body of water, secondary treatment, auxiliary treatment, both ... and.

IV. Найдите русский эквивалент следующим английским словам:

Рressing, beginning, development, changing, sinks, residence, following, community, decomposition, odour, preliminary

запах, разложение, общество, следующий, жилье, раковины, изменение,

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развитие, начало, жгучий, предварительный.

V. Найдите английский эквивалент следующим русским словам:

Массив, частица, оседать, очищенный, обработка, уничтожение, поме-

щать, осуществлять, здоровье, здание, туалет

Вuilding, health, to accomplish, to place, killing, treatment, clarified, to settle out, particle, body, lavatory.

VI. Прочитайте и переведите на русский язык тему

Sewerage

1.The problem of protecting natural water resources has grown very pressing for many countries since the beginning of the second half of the 20th century. The development of human society, the growth of civilization and social and technical progress have resulted in the changing of the composition of natural water resources. The rivers, lakes and ground-waters contain today the products of mechanical, chemical and biological pollution.

2.The waste products that result from the daily activities in a community are of two general types: the liquid waste, known as sewage and the solid wastes, known as refuse. The different wastes are the following: the wastes from lavatories, baths, sinks, and laundry tanks in residences, institutions, and business buildings; wastes from various types of manufacturing or industrial plants, and the surface run-off from storms or street-flushing operations.

3.Sewage may also be divided according to its source into the following three classes. The sewage from residences, institutions and business buildings is called domestic sewage, sanitary sewage or house sewage, that resulting from manufacturing or industrial processes is known as industrial waste; and that from run-off during storms is called storm sewage. A combination of domestic sewage, industrial waste and storm water is called combined sewage.

4.Both sewage and refuse must be removed in order to avoid endangering the health of the community and present decomposition of the materials of animal or vegetable origin and the subsequent nuisances and odours.

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5.The removal of all kinds of sewage is usually accomplished by means of sewers. The sewers are placed in the streets below the ground surface. The general process of removing sewage is designated as sewerage and the entire system of sewers including a sewage treatment plant is known as a sewerage system.

6.The method of sewage treatment in a particular case will depend on local conditions. It may consist only of the discharge of the raw sewage into a stream or a large body of water. The usual methods of sewage treatment consist of preliminary treatment or of primary treatment followed by secondary treatment.

7.During primary treatment the larger and heavier solid particles settle out from the liquid. These solid particles form a paste which is known as sludge.

8.The partly clarified sewage that has been given primary treatment generally contains much decomposable materials. Therefore, further treatment which is known as secondary treatment, is usually required.

9.An auxiliary treatment which may be used with primary or secondary treatment is disinfection or the killing of the bacteria in the sewage by means of chemicals.

VII. Образуйте от глаголов существительные с помощью суффиксов -ment и -tion.

Образец: а) - ment -

to develop – development

развивать – развитие b) - tion -

to produce – production

производить – производство

a)to state, to agree, to disagree, to treat, to move, to replace, to settle, to require.

b)to pollute, to protect, to compose, to operate, to combine, to designate, to decompose.

VIII. Дополните следующие предложения по смыслу:

1. Ground waters contain the products of ... 2. The waste products are of two general types: ... 3. The different wastes are from lavatories... 4. Sewage may be divided according to its ... 5. The sewage from buildings is called ... 6. The sewage

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