Nigel Rapport, Joanna Overing, Social and Cultural Anthropology - The Key Concepts (2000)

91, 96, 104, 114, 117, 119–20, 123, 125, 132, 139, 154, 157, 171, 175, 186, 199, 201, 213–14, 231, 240, 264, 269, 296, 310–11, 348, 375, 380, 386–9, 397, 406

community 21, 23–4, 36, 41, 43–5, 60–65, 99, 124, 141, 149, 151, 153, 155–7, 160, 165, 167–8, 181, 186, 194–5, 198–201, 205, 211, 216, 223, 249, 259, 264, 267, 270, 276, 281, 284, 306, 311, 313–15, 318–21, 326–9, 333, 335, 337–41, 353, 355–9, 368–9, 371–7, 380, 384, 395, 404

community study 62, 320 communitarian 2–3, 157, 160, 162,

164, 167, 235, 291, 315 communitas 6, 36, 233, 235 competency 2, 43–5, 90, 118, 135,

198, 201, 226, 247, 251, 287, 314, 321

computing 292, 330, 392

concept and conceptualization 6–7, 24, 29, 32–3, 40, 54–7, 70, 81–2, 97, 99–100, 115, 123, 144, 157–8, 162, 167, 178–82, 196, 205, 210, 214, 222–3, 226, 230–1, 240, 245, 259, 261, 263, 267–8, 288, 295, 300–1, 304–5, 340, 343–4, 348, 350–2, 361, 363, 385, 388, 393, 395, 406–7

Conklin, B. 16 Conquergood, D. 155 consanguinity 226

conscience collective 1, 29, 34, 66, 71, 121, 180, 195, 209, 250, 257, 259, 396

consciousness 1–5, 8, 25–8, 30, 39–40, 45, 65–79, 86–7, 89, 95, 97, 103–4, 108, 121, 123–6, 129, 160, 167–8, 174–7, 179, 183–9, 191–203, 207–10, 213, 216, 240, 253, 257–8, 261, 264, 280–6, 289, 298, 302, 308–9, 312–1, 328, 361, 402, 405–7

consumption 99, 265, 296–9, 318, 323, 354, 365, 371, 390

contract 64, 127, 151, 241, 341, 375, 385–6, 399, 403

contradiction 35, 39–40, 59, 79–88,

96, 116, 128–9, 159, 178, 185, 193, 196, 206, 211, 231, 247, 252, 276, 301–2, 347, 351

convention 3, 5, 8–11, 22, 27, 31, 43–7, 64, 78, 82, 96, 117–28, 131, 134, 154, 157, 176, 184–5, 193, 198, 204, 210, 213–15, 232, 235, 240, 243, 247, 259–62, 268, 280, 284–9, 293, 296, 300, 305, 312–14, 321, 328, 333, 346–7, 386, 390–3

conversation 88–92, 100, 116, 118, 122, 129–35, 198, 204, 246–9, 283, 311, 332, 379–80, 403

Coote, J. 387

Corbey, R. 13–14, 17–18, 367 Cornwell, J. 68

cosmology 146, 273–4, 278, 322–5, 395

cosmos & nomos 30, 65, 82–3, 160, 227, 232, 395

Cote, D. 317

Coulter, J. 130 counter-urbanization 264, 269, 317–

18

Coutts-Smith, K. 365 Cranston, M. 65

Crapanzano,V. 117, 204, 261, 300 Crawford, J. 164

Crawford, P. 390

creativity 1, 3–9, 15, 27, 31–2, 36, 39–40, 44, 46, 55–6, 66, 69, 73, 75, 79, 86–9, 92–6, 100, 105–6, 109, 117, 123, 125, 137–41, 157, 168, 170, 172, 175–6, 183–7, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 206, 210, 212–16, 233–7, 244, 248, 268, 277, 280, 289, 298, 304, 306, 308, 323, 328–31, 337–8, 341–2, 347–8, 360, 363, 366, 378, 384–6, 391–4, 397

creolization 265, 267, 313, 360, 379 Crick, B. 382

Crick, F. 68 Crick, M. 353 Crites, S. 77, 285 Crocker, J. 226 Csordas,T. 187 Culler, J. 120, 194

cultural relativism 10, 20, 29, 52–3,

92, 98–100, 162–9, 176–7, 274, 300–1, 323

culture 1–2, 7–8, 17, 19, 21–8, 29, 31–2, 34–5, 38, 45–7, 50–3, 58–60, 62, 66–7, 70–4, 78, 81, 84–5, 88–91, 92–103, 110, 117, 123, 127–37, 140, 146, 148, 152–7, 161–2, 164–9, 171–2, 176–80, 184–9, 192–202, 205–16, 222, 232, 234, 237–8, 241–4, 247, 249–59, 262–7, 274, 278–9, 286–301, 305, 307–8, 310, 314, 321–36, 340–1, 344, 349–57, 360, 362–71, 378, 382, 386–7, 390–400, 404, 406

cybernetics 102–115, cyborg 114, 368

D’Andrade, R. 95 Darwin, C. 30, 73, 322 Dasen, P. 30

Dawson,A. 158

de Certeau, M. 9, 13, 92, 97, 364 deconstruction 11, 20, 24, 98, 143,

177, 386, 392 Del Boca, F. 343 DeLillo, D. 245 Dennett, D. 68, 75 Derrida, J. 126, 300

Descartes, R. 65, 68, 108, 187–8, 285 descent 14, 220–3, 291

Descola, P. 150

determinism 1–4, 8, 25, 36, 52, 70, 79, 120, 123–6, 139, 153, 173–6, 178, 180, 184, 187, 191–206, 209, 212, 244, 246–50, 255, 259, 288–9, 295, 298, 306–9, 312, 319, 328, 345, 347, 352, 361–2, 378, 383, 390–1, 396–400, 407

development 98, 100, 155, 165, 219, 273–75, 320, 322, 337–8, 354, 364–8, 371–2, 378

Devereux, G. 202–3, 247 deviance 229, 236 Devons E. 245 Dewhirst, I. 317

dialectics 5–6, 29, 54, 70, 110, 134, 140, 176, 197–8, 203, 205, 235, 266, 286, 299, 345, 370, 397

dialogics and analogics 96,

115–117, 170, 238–41, 277, 280, 300, 307, 334

Dias, N. 387 diaspora 156, 265 Dickens, C. 243, 316 di Leonardo, M. 10

discourse 8, 11, 14, 16–20, 23–5, 31, 41, 63, 79, 84–5, 88, 91, 101, 116, 117–126, 127, 142, 162, 164, 167–71, 176–8, 193, 195, 198, 239, 246, 259, 261, 270–2, 276, 279, 282, 291, 294, 296–301, 319–20, 329, 343–8, 364, 369–70, 384, 390, 405

diversity 20–22, 32, 40, 43, 46, 52–3, 64–5, 73–4, 84–9, 92, 116–17, 136–8, 141, 165, 169–72, 176–7, 185, 187, 190–8, 201–5, 210, 246–9, 252, 264, 266, 268, 278, 300, 310, 314, 318, 323, 330–2, 348–9, 357, 376–9, 382–6, 397–401, 404

domestic 129, 145, 147, 151, 157, 163, 219–20, 225, 338–42, 358–9

Douglas, J. 187

Douglas, M. 35, 79, 81–2, 155, 157, 229, 231–3, 345, 363

Downing,T. 164 Drazdauskierie, M-L. 348

dream 52, 59, 66, 77, 107, 131, 188, 209, 283, 365, 378

Dreitzel, H-P. 200

dress 2, 119, 158, 263, 296, 367, 381 Drummond, L. 265–8

Du Bois, C. 29

Duerr, H. 13

Dumont, J-P. 84, 89, 117, 204, 240, 305

Dumont, L. 8, 179, 181–3, 220, 222, 337

Dunning, E. 381

Durkheim, E. 1, 29, 33–9, 46, 64, 66, 70–1, 78, 81–8, 95, 129, 133, 157, 166–7, 179, 182–3, 197, 209–10, 250–1, 256–7, 259, 276–7, 293, 320, 322, 333–4, 337, 374, 381, 396, 399, 401

Dwyer, K. 117

Eade, J. 236

Eagleton,T. 299, 302 Eccles, J. 69

ecology 114, 294, 375

economy 61, 64, 99, 114, 122, 142, 147, 155, 157, 165, 167, 174, 181, 186, 196, 218–19, 226, 250, 263, 266, 293, 319, 323, 330, 335–40, 344, 350, 353–60, 364–5, 371–2, 377, 392

écriture feminine 126–129

Edelman, G. 67, 69, 73–5, 189, 207 education 162, 166, 196, 218, 323,

358, 367, 371, 405 Edwards, J. 331

egalitarianism 16, 31, 150, 171, 183, 321, 334, 338–9

Einstein,A. 84, 304

Elfenbein,A. 344

Eliade, M. 233, 263 Ellen, R. 37–8 Eller, J. 100–1 Ellmann, R. 67

emergence 4, 51, 115–16, 166, 171, 286, 332, 362

Emerson, R. 187 emic & etic 304

emotion 67, 70, 79, 83, 86, 97, 115, 121–6, 133, 145, 174, 186, 188, 208, 210, 224–5, 252, 257–8, 260, 270, 277, 285, 326, 343, 347–8, 375, 387, 396–7, 403

empirical 11–12, 80, 392 enculturation 66, 177, 193–4, 347,

378

Enlightenment 11, 17, 164, 172, 180, 183, 258, 272–5, 278–9, 295, 299–301, 324

Ennew, J. 30

entropy 33, 44, 49, 56, 74, 84, 90, 103, 109, 175, 408

environment 30, 32–3, 35, 38, 54–7, 61, 69, 72–6, 81, 102, 106–7, 110, 114, 119, 146, 154, 161, 171, 186, 188–92, 199, 237, 244, 257, 262– 3, 268, 289–90, 294, 305, 308, 317, 319, 326, 328, 332, 343–4, 349, 353, 355, 357, 374, 377–8, 403

epistemology 19, 21, 23, 71, 79, 90–2, 98, 100, 136, 142, 153, 216, 237,

246–50, 285, 297, 364, 371, 373, 393

Erickson,V. 242

Erikson, E. 29

essence and essentialism 4, 17, 19, 62, 69, 85, 126, 140, 164, 176, 178, 184, 188, 240, 248–9, 264, 300, 302, 308, 363, 366, 369, 384, 408

ethnicity 11, 28, 64–5, 100, 142, 156–7, 166, 168, 171, 176, 215, 237, 254, 259, 262, 320, 358, 369–72, 376–7, 393, 395

ethnocentrism 12–17, 92, 99, 146, 149, 151, 176, 225, 272, 322, 362, 364, 368

ethnography 11, 27, 84, 88, 98, 115, 117, 135, 137, 141, 143–52, 178, 182–3, 221–2, 237–42, 268–9, 286, 297, 305, 307, 329, 334, 349–50, 374–5, 383, 387–91, 401

ethnomethodology 18, 23, 90, 118, 129–135, 331

ethnoscience 52–3 ethos 395–7

Evans-Pritchard, E. 26, 52, 81, 95, 244

everyday 227–8, 279–82, 339, 373 evolution 9, 14, 64, 73, 75, 92, 94, 109–10, 174, 179–83, 217, 219, 258, 273–5, 291–2, 300, 310–11,

320, 322, 324, 331, 336–8, 364, 366, 368, 374–5, 381, 405–8

Ewing, K. 56, 86

exchange 40, 42, 47, 67, 70–1, 78, 87, 89–92, 100, 107, 114, 117, 120, 123–4, 130, 137–9, 153, 186, 189, 195–208, 222, 244–5, 250–1, 265, 291, 296–7, 305, 315, 332–3, 338–42, 351, 359, 368, 376, 379–80, 385–6, 393, 403–4

Existentialism 4, 6, 8, 18, 26, 29, 38– 9, 71, 73, 91, 166, 169–72, 176–7, 187–8, 192, 194, 207, 235, 384, 408

exoticism 13, 16, 98–100, 270, 364–6, 373

experience 2, 4–5, 8, 11, 18, 20, 22–8, 30–1, 35–6, 38, 40, 41, 45–52, 55–7, 58–60, 66–78, 82, 87–9, 91, 96–8, 102, 104–5, 117, 120–1,

126, 130, 133–7, 140, 155, 169, 173–5, 178, 186, 188, 191–3, 202, 208–11, 216, 225, 232, 235, 243–5, 256–66, 279–80, 284–5, 288, 290–1, 294, 299, 302–9, 312–13, 320, 325, 327–8, 331, 340, 343, 345, 347–8, 352–60, 363, 378–9, 382, 387, 391, 397, 402, 405–8

Fabian, J. 10–11, 94–7, 100, 273, 321, 367

Falk, R. 163

false conciousness 31, 149, 272, 296–9, 307

family 61, 63, 76, 168, 182–3, 186, 191, 202, 205, 217, 220, 223, 259, 292, 331, 339, 371, 376, 379, 395, 408

family resemblances 36 Fanon, F. 356

Fardon, R. 13, 334–5 Favret-Saada, J. 89 Featherstone, M. 266 Feldman,A. 382 Felstiner, J. 49

feminism 141–53, 340–2 Fernandez, J. 8, 49–50, 79, 91, 173,

215, 260 feud 165, 381

Feyerabend, P. 246

fiction 8, 11, 26, 45, 67, 100, 128–9, 210, 212, 214, 238, 240–4, 271, 278, 290, 346, 351–2, 388, 407–8 fieldwork 19, 21, 24, 26–8, 80, 89, 96,

103, 117, 137, 222, 237, 243–4, 256, 291, 300, 321, 388–9

Fillmore, C. 45, 47, 348 Filstead,W. 304

Finnegan, R. 244, 275, 377

Firth, R. 173, 218, 292, 361

Fischer, M. 19, 171, 237, 240 Fish, S. 43, 311–13 Flanagan, O. 67, 185 Focillon, H. 67, 207 Fontana, A. 187

food 296, 337–8, 350, 358

form and content 8, 22, 31–2, 38, 41, 43, 45–6, 49–50, 54, 67, 70–1, 76, 78, 87, 92, 116, 119–21, 123, 125, 136–141, 165, 169, 171, 176,

190, 192–3, 195–6, 199–208, 214, 243–4, 251, 261, 265, 267–8, 280, 287–90, 297, 299, 308, 312–14, 346, 357, 360, 363, 384–6, 391, 393, 400, 406

form of life 5, 8, 37, 52, 86, 100, 118, 120, 176, 330

Forster, E. 243, 252, 260, 267, 303, 309

Forsythe, D. 318

Fortes, M. 8, 81, 219–20, 222, 250 Foster, G. 395

Foucault, M. 84, 119–20, 122–3, 176, 258–9, 297–8, 300, 302, 392

Fox, R. 217 Frake, C. 52, 208 Frank,A.G. 155 Frank,A.W. 383 Frank, G. 178

Frankenberg, R. 21, 61, 65, 321 Franklin, S. 329, 331

Fratto,T. 173

Frazer, J. 322

freedom 1, 5–6, 8, 68, 151, 162, 164, 167–8, 171, 173, 175–6, 180, 191, 207, 212, 215, 234–5, 251, 337, 339, 372, 375

Freeman, D. 29

Freud, S. 17–18, 29–30, 66, 126, 139, 216, 365

Friedman, J. 97

Friedrich, P. 173

friendship 46, 64, 76, 87, 153–4, 168, 182, 291

functionalism 9, 44, 61–2, 66, 88, 93–4, 137, 140, 153, 166, 217, 219, 221, 223, 247–8, 251, 268, 275–6, 279, 294, 336, 360–1, 366, 391, 398–9

Gadamer, H-G. 33, 36, 393

Gallimore, R. 31

Gans, H. 156, 376

Gardner, K. 155

Garfinkel, H. 90–1, 118, 129–33, 198

Gassen, K. 140

Geertz, C. 37, 53, 58–60, 70–1, 85,

116, 133, 137, 160, 169, 176, 192,

194, 207–11, 237, 239–42, 244,

249, 251, 256, 264, 266–7, 269,

305, 321, 330–1, 349–52, 379, 395–6, 406

Gell,A. 258, 337

Gellner, E. 8, 54, 166, 173, 194, 215–16, 250, 255, 259, 300–2, 322–4, 326

gender 2, 32, 43, 126–9, 141–153,

162, 166–7, 171, 177–8, 214, 222, 224–5, 228, 233, 253, 321, 340–2, 352, 362

generalization 7–8, 20, 27, 54, 58, 66, 78, 116–17, 145, 148, 174, 178, 186, 239, 250–7, 267, 273, 275, 301, 304–5, 309, 328, 337, 344–7, 351, 357, 376–7, 387, 391, 397, 404

Genette, G. 287

genre 11, 24, 43, 67, 115, 121–2, 154, 170, 172, 236–45, 269, 278, 286–7, 305, 307

Georges, R. 287

Giddens,A. 2, 25, 133, 213, 250–2, 255, 299, 302, 363

gift 297, 381 Gilad, L. 155, 167

Gilligan, C. 143, 151

Gillison, G. 146–7, 228 Gilsenan, M. 381 Ginsburg, F. 331 Glassman, B. 344

global 10, 20, 25, 32, 156, 158–60, 163, 167–72, 234, 263–9, 273, 293, 301, 321, 253, 359–60, 368–9, 374, 379

globalization 64, 91, 155, 162, 169– 70, 213, 266, 268, 290, 348, 355, 390

Gluckman, M. 35, 81–3, 153, 229–31, 233, 245, 361, 376, 381

Gmelch, G. 155

Godelier, M. 8

Goethe, J. 392

Goffman, E. 193 Goldschlaeger,A. 119 Gomme, G. 317 Gonzalez, N. 156 Goodenough,W. 184, 397

Goodman, N. 236, 281, 305, 328, 391–3

Goodman, R. 30

Goody, E. 30, 47, 134

Goody, J. 53, 70, 214, 291, 322, 337, 405

Goonatilake, S. 331

Gordon-Grube, K. 16 Gossen, G. 370

gossip 153–154, 283, 285, 382 Gow, P. 228, 368

Graburn, N. 354, 358–9

grammar 35–6, 38, 44–6, 50, 52, 80, 93, 115, 124, 132, 136, 141, 192, 201, 229, 246–7, 257, 280, 286, 300, 314, 396, 404

Gramsci,A. 31

Greene, G. 243 Greenwood, D. 356 Greer, S. 61, 65 Greimas,A. 287 Grillo, R. 155, 319 Grimshaw,A. 129, 388

Gumperz, J. 43–4, 134, 198 Guss, D. 147, 150, 280 Gusterson, H. 329

habit 2–3, 24, 31, 83, 107–9, 117–18, 121–2, 138–9, 158, 180, 186, 190–1, 198, 204–7, 215, 255, 288, 313, 318, 355, 380–1, 393, 398, 402–3, 406–7

habitus 2–3, 79, 165, 195, 213, 257, 308, 344, 390

Hage, P. 292 Handler, R. 9, 214 Hanke, L. 13

Hannerz, U. 265–8, 360, 374, 376–9 Harary, F. 292

Haraway, D. 329, 368 Hardy, B. 283–4 Harkness, S. 30 Harre, R. 381 Harrell-Bond, B. 155

Harries-Jones, P. 102, 114, 371 Harris, C. 321

Harris, R. 201

Harrison, D. 355

Harrison, S. 382

Hart, K. 244, 263–4, 294, 377 Haste, H. 31

Hastrup, K. 23–5, 78, 116, 268 Hauxwell, H. 316

Haviland, J. 154

Hayek, F. 255 Heald, S. 37, 327 Heath, S. 31 Hebdige, D. 31 Heelas, P. 323

hegemony 14, 16, 20, 27, 31, 98, 126, 147, 163, 167–8, 195, 273, 308, 335, 342, 373, 387, 390

Heidegger, M. 114, 158, 187, 189 Heider, K. 388

Heilman, S. 154

Heller, J. 100, 148 Hendry, J. 359

hermeneutic circle 33, 36, 301 Herskovits, M. 153, 162 Herzfeld, M. 245, 405

hierarchy 16, 31, 34–9, 47, 81–2, 89, 120, 122, 136, 142–50, 167, 178, 231, 234–5, 258–9, 263–4, 267, 291, 295, 314, 322, 333–4, 338–9, 343, 350, 377, 401, 405–6

Hiller, S. 13, 365 Hillery, G. 60 Hirschon, R. 156

history 4, 6, 8, 19, 21, 23, 30, 35, 55, 60, 70, 75, 79, 88, 91, 99, 116, 118, 121, 136–9, 153, 163–4, 170, 173–8, 181–2, 187, 192, 196, 208, 211–14, 236–40, 243, 252–8, 262, 264, 267–74, 278, 282–4, 286, 293, 295, 297–300, 310–12, 322–3, 331, 334–5, 341, 354, 363–7, 376, 379, 381, 387–8, 405

Hobart, M. 372 Hobsbawm, E. 156, 161 Hockey, J. 32, 408 Hoebel, E. 230 Hoggart, R. 243 Holland, D. 32

Hollis, M. 10, 80, 87, 275 Holy, L. 8, 53, 217 Homans, G. 396

home and homelessness 18, 20–24, 127, 154–162, 262, 266, 291, 316, 318, 320, 331, 348, 353–8, 368 homogeneity 8, 21, 35, 44, 46, 60–2, 94, 98, 117, 160, 171, 178, 198,

202, 214, 250, 253, 262, 266, 268, 320–1, 357, 367–8, 375, 396, 398

Horton, R. 60, 226, 275, 324–7 Hough, G. 44

house 14, 65, 157, 161, 262, 318, 330–1, 379, 406

household 136, 157, 338–9, 377, 396 Hughes-Freeland, F. 235 Hugh-Jones, C. 150

Hugh-Jones, S. 157, 371 Huizinga, J. 358 Hulme, P. 13

human nature 10, 12, 19, 163–4, 254, 334, 384

human rights 162–172 humanism 10, 71, 120, 123, 164,

171, 172–178, 192, 209, 235, 244, 248, 278, 293, 302, 305, 307, 323

Humphrey, N. 76, 408 Hunt, R. 396

hunting and gathering 7, 148, 337–8 Husserl, E. 57, 118, 130, 187 Hutcheon, L. 214

hybridity 22, 265, 267, 321, 329, 364, 367–9, 372–3

Hymes, D. 43–4, 96, 118, 125, 198–9, 239, 280

identity 7, 12, 21, 27–8, 29–30, 32, 44, 46, 49, 55–7, 61–3, 66, 70–2, 77, 86, 88, 100, 119–20, 123–7, 131–2, 138, 155–8, 160–1, 167–72, 176, 185, 215–18, 230–5, 244, 252, 256–7, 260–8, 274, 276, 281–2, 285–90, 293, 296, 315, 320, 329, 331, 344, 346, 360, 364, 368–70, 375–9, 390, 402

idiolect 45, 49, 127, 313, 402 ideology 6, 13, 60, 64,83, 91, 115–16,

126, 143, 145, 147–50, 160, 167–8, 171, 235, 242, 248, 252, 259, 268, 272, 293, 296–7, 323, 327, 342, 344–5, 350, 357, 367, 387, 390, 392, 395, 398

imagination 3–6,52,54–5,66,68,70, 75–6, 96, 105–6, 110, 120, 128, 138, 156, 159, 185, 188, 193, 208–9, 212–15, 231, 239–40, 244, 252, 263–4, 290, 298, 302, 305, 307, 312, 319, 351–2, 384, 393–4, 407–8

imperialism 9–11, 18, 19, 92, 101, 170, 173, 264, 335, 365

incest 325

indigeny 10, 146–7, 226, 278, 280–2 individual 3, 6–8, 20–21, 26–32,

35–40, 44–51, 53–8, 65–75, 78–83, 86–92, 94, 97, 106, 109–10, 115–31, 134–40, 153–61, 163–85, 190–211, 214, 216, 229–35, 243–4, 247, 250–61, 264, 266, 280, 286–92, 299, 302–3, 307–14, 319, 323, 330–4, 339–49, 352, 355, 357, 360–3, 375, 378, 380–1, 384–6, 391, 393–4, 396, 398–404, 407–8

individualism 64, 99, 160, 178– 185, 193, 267, 337, 369, 375

individuality 6–7, 27–8, 63, 73, 75, 78–9, 96, 168, 174–80, 182–4, 185–195, 203, 205, 235, 244, 258, 286, 289, 295, 313, 332, 360

Ingold,T. 76, 96–7, 99, 114, 186, 189, 305, 333–5

Intintoli, M. 387 Ions, E. 393

institution 2, 5, 7–8, 26, 31, 37, 47, 55, 58, 62, 65, 67, 70, 78–9, 82–3, 93–4, 119, 125, 138–42, 147, 157, 160, 163, 168–9, 174, 181, 186, 193–203, 208, 214, 217–22, 225, 233–8, 241–3, 250–8, 261, 264, 288, 291, 294, 299, 314–16, 321, 323–4, 327–8, 332, 334–9, 343, 356, 360, 362–3, 373–6, 381, 386, 396, 400, 405–6

intention 1–3, 8, 33, 48–50, 53, 66, 69–73, 77, 88, 115, 121, 125, 131, 135, 137, 192, 197, 208, 247, 250–5, 277–80, 303, 312–13, 318, 386, 393

interaction 2, 12, 31–2, 39, 56, 64, 66, 74–5, 87–92, 103, 106–7, 116, 123–5, 134–40, 158, 186, 194, 195–206, 245–57, 260, 264–5, 276, 291, 293, 304, 306, 318, 321, 332–3, 346–8, 358, 360–3, 374, 379, 382, 385–8, 390, 392–5, 398, 400–4

interpretation 1, 5, 8, 26–7, 31, 33, 39, 42–5, 48–9, 54, 62–3, 66, 70– 1, 85–7, 91, 114, 117–18, 122–5, 130–2, 138, 154, 166, 169, 171,

179, 184–6, 189–93, 198–200, 203–5, 206–211, 214, 246–53, 256–7, 261, 268, 274, 278, 281–2, 285, 287, 289–90, 293–4, 299, 303, 307–8, 312–15, 329, 333, 347, 350–1, 356, 384–6, 407

interpretivism 53, 70–1, 349, 352 intersubjectivity 20, 58, 91, 95, 117,

129, 389 Irigaray, L. 126–7 Irons,W. 381

irony 125–6, 211–16, 299, 303, 357, 393

Iser,W. 312

Jackson,A. 21

Jackson, M. 8, 50, 91, 173, 184, 187, 252

Jafari, J. 354

James,A. 29, 31–2, 55, 79, 89, 248, 408

James,W. 71 Jameson, F. 241 Jarman, N. 382 Jedrej, C. 317 Jencks, C. 294 Jenkins, R. 3, 31 Johnson,A. 304 Johnson, C. 385 Johnson, J. 187, 292 joking relations 250 Jordanova, L. 145 Josselson, R. 308

Kant, I. 79, 136, 164 Kapferer, B. 79, 361–2, 376 Kardiner,A. 396

Karstens, M. 13, 17 Kateb, G. 161 Katz, E. 387

Kay P. 38, 53 Kearney, M. 155, 395 Kearney, R. 4, 120–1

Keesing, R. 148–50, 210

Kelly, G. 25, 55, 87, 397 Kerby,A. 283–6

Kidd, S. 227 Kierkegaard, S. 187, 215 King,V. 357

kinship 62–4, 99, 114, 147, 153,

167, 183, 194, 217–229, 250, 287, 291–2, 331, 336–41, 352, 375–7, 392

Klineberg, O. 345

Klockars, C. 382

Kluckhohn, C. 245 Knapp, S. 124

knowledge 20, 25, 27–8, 30–1, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 51, 53–4, 58–60, 65, 72, 76–81, 85, 90, 93–4, 100, 102, 104–8, 115–16, 120–1, 126, 130–7, 150, 152–3, 161, 166, 172–8, 185–92, 207, 218, 222, 236, 239, 247–8, 251–5, 262–3, 266, 268–9, 272–9, 281–2, 287–9, 295–6, 298–308, 321, 323–30, 337, 346–7, 357, 359, 363, 371–5, 387–90, 392–5, 398, 405, 408

Kotarba, J. 187

Kottak, C. 390

Kristeva, J. 126

Kroeber,A. 179

Kuhn,T. 142, 327

Kundera, M. 85

Kuper,A. 320

Kushner, G. 164

label and labelling 156, 275, 343, 346, 364, 370, 386

Labov,W. 287 Lacan, J. 126, 300 Lacey, C. 31

La Fontaine, J. 182, 230 Lagrou, E. 228

Laing, R. 4, 113, 194

Lamphere, L. 143–5

Landmann, M. 140

Langer, S. 208–9

Langness, L. 178

language 8, 20, 22, 24–5, 31, 34–40, 43, 45–50, 52, 64–71, 87, 91, 93, 97, 115–21, 124–7, 129, 132–6, 162, 168, 170, 175, 177, 180, 186, 190, 192, 196, 201–3, 209–11, 214, 216, 222–3, 226, 228, 237–9, 243, 245, 250, 262–3, 270, 272, 277–8, 283–6, 289, 297–301, 306, 308, 312–13, 325, 330–1, 348, 350–1, 356, 364, 367, 371, 379–80, 383, 391, 396, 402, 407

language-game 117–18, 124–6, 195, 296, 330

langue and parole 71, 115, 130, 209, 257

Las Casas, B. 13 Latour, B. 60, 329–30

law 60, 127, 155–6, 162, 164–5, 167, 169–72, 180–3, 186, 196, 209, 218–25, 235, 321, 323, 328, 351

Layton, R. 387 Lea, C. 344

Leach, E. 4–6, 8, 26, 35, 44–5, 83, 140, 156, 173, 184, 220–1, 229, 231, 243–4, 257, 262–3, 292, 305–6, 361, 384

Leavis, F. 256

Leavitt, J. 277

Leeds,A. 377

Leerssen J. 14

Lévi-Strauss, C. 8, 14–15, 35, 38, 51, 116, 194, 217, 220, 222, 244, 263, 276–8, 280–1, 287, 333, 337, 366, 391

LeVine, R. 30

Levinson, S. 198 Levy, R. 30 Levy-Bruhl, L. 51, 322 Lewin, R. 408

Lewis, H. 177

Lewis, I. 79

Lewis, O. 155, 376–7

liberalism 1–2, 164, 167–72, 182, 295, 302, 355

Liebes,T. 387

Lieblich,A. 308 Lienhardt, G. 182–3 life-world 39, 159–60, 193

liminality 6, 155, 229–36, 318, 358, 364, 368–9

Lindqvist, S. 13–14

lineage 14, 34, 182, 220, 222–3, 250, 262

Linton, R. 396 Lippman,W. 344, 347

literariness 11, 31, 67, 86, 129, 207, 235, 283, 236–245, 289, 300, 303, 306–10, 329, 364

Little K. 21

Little and Great Traditions 375, 395 Littlewood, R. 79

Livingston, E. 314–15 Lloyd, J. 366

Lloyd, P. 155, 377

local and locality 10, 20, 22, 32, 61–5, 91, 99, 130, 143, 145, 157–8, 160, 164–71, 177, 194, 204, 246, 264, 266, 268, 282, 318, 320, 324, 331, 335, 352, 354–9, 367, 374, 379–80, 388–90, 395

Locke, J. 65, 67

Lodge, D. 242

Loizos, P. 390

Louch,A. 246, 269, 305 Lowie, R. 179

Luckmann,T. 2, 39, 90–1, 129, 133, 198, 204

Lukacs, G. 140

Lukes, S. 10, 80, 178, 251, 275 Lunt, P. 375

Lyman, S. 408

Lyotard, J-F. 295–6, 300

McCallum, C. 147, 228

MacCannell, D. 320, 356 MacCormack, C. 145 McDonald, M. 344, 360 MacDougall, D. 389 Macfarlane,A. 183–4, 318, 322 McFeat,T. 292

McGinn, C. 68 McGrane, B. 99, 273 MacIntyre,A. 10, 167 MacIver,A. 254

magic 51, 99, 269–70, 275, 321, 326, 364, 373

Maine, H. 64, 320, 375

Malinowski, B. 10–11, 19, 21, 26, 51, 78–81, 153, 179, 184, 217, 244, 276, 279, 322, 341, 388, 396

Malkki, L. 155 Mandelbaum, D. 235 Mannheim, K. 33 Manning, F. 236

Marcus, G. 19, 171, 237, 240, 300, 329

market 178, 183, 202, 208, 218, 292, 300, 355–6, 370–2, 390, 406

Marks, D. 388–9

marriage 15,46, 147,167,173, 186,214, 217, 220–7, 230, 251, 291–2, 360

Marsh, P. 236, 381

Martin, G. 45, 214

Martinez,W. 389

Marx, E. 155, 362

Marx, K. 20, 64, 81–2, 93, 140, 145– 8, 183, 217, 247–8, 257, 294, 296, 298–9, 322, 323, 333, 337, 362, 381, 392

Mason, P. 11–14, 17, 367 material culture 65, 114, 175, 309,

387, 390, 405–6

materialism 2, 6, 21, 37, 68–9, 72, 93, 104, 174, 180, 184, 226, 277–81, 306, 300, 356, 366, 394

Mauss, M. 33–9, 78, 81, 179–82, 259, 293, 297, 381

May, R. 383

Mead, G.H. 1, 66, 199

Mead, M. 29, 387–8

Meillassoux, C. 65, 147–8, 155, 217 Meløe, J. 97

memory 24, 45, 47, 54, 70, 76–8, 107–8, 156–8, 161, 172, 208, 252, 262, 285, 288, 308, 398, 402, 406–7

medicine and health 15–16, 60, 79, 166, 177, 186, 226, 316, 327, 330–1, 358

Messer, E. 162 Messerschmidt, D. 22

metacommunication 42, 44, 48, 154, 214, 352, 406, 408

metaphor 17, 37–8, 49–51, 80, 107, 116, 136, 140, 142, 207, 209, 211, 249, 264, 277–8, 281–3, 292, 326, 341, 352, 359, 393, 399

methodological eclecticism 102–3,

245–249, 296, 299, 303 methodological individualism

and holism 95, 182, 184, 194–5, 249–257, 291, 294, 362–3, 387, 391, 399

Michaels, E. 389

Michaels,W. 124

Middleton, J. 221

migrancy and migration 64, 154–61, 171, 262–9, 318, 354–5, 359, 363, 375–9

Miller, D. 268 Mill, J. 254

Minar, D. 61, 65

mind 3–4, 26, 34–5, 39, 50, 54–5, 60, 62, 65–73, 93–4, 96–7, 99, 103–10, 121, 127, 140, 157, 159–60, 166, 175, 188, 201, 207–8, 230, 245, 252, 259, 275, 278, 285, 294, 297–8, 303, 305, 319, 365, 392

Minh-ha,T. 264, 390

Mitchell, J. 155, 184, 292, 361, 376 mimesis 121

model 2, 33, 52–4, 67, 87, 110, 121, 130, 140–2, 152–3, 166, 182, 190, 194, 220–3, 245, 254, 261, 283, 281, 292–3, 301–2, 308, 328, 342, 352, 366

modernism and modernity 9–11, 60, 93–4, 97–102, 160, 213, 217, 219, 225, 240, 263–5, 279, 295–6, 299–300, 303, 311, 320, 322, 327, 333–7, 340, 348, 357, 359–60, 365–9, 372, 395

Moerman, M. 89, 135 Moggach, D. 316

moments of being 86–8, 126, 132, 185, 187–8, 191–2, 195, 212, 247, 257–261, 289, 333, 351–2, 405, 408

Mommsen,W. 256

Montagu,A. 381 Moore, H. 128–9, 144

Moore, S. 86, 140, 247, 268 morality 6–7, 15, 24, 64, 70, 79, 90,

100, 130–1, 136, 143, 146, 151–4, 157, 162, 164–8, 175, 177–84, 196, 207, 218, 227–8, 232, 237, 239, 248, 251, 255, 273, 276, 280–2, 288, 290, 295–6, 299, 301, 319, 323–6, 382, 385

Moravec, H. 68 Morgan, L. 179, 217 Moskos, C. 156 Moskovitz, M. 165

movement 56, 67, 71–3, 76, 107–8, 128–9, 157–62, 171, 178, 215–16, 229–30, 232, 261–269, 290, 293, 312–13, 319–20, 348, 353, 359– 60, 379, 390

multiculturalism 101 multiplex roles 61, 321 Musello, C. 390

museum 368–9

music 119, 201, 358, 377, 406 Myerhoff, B. 210

myth 11, 51, 66, 96, 99, 114, 145, 156, 158, 160, 167, 176, 180, 262–3, 267 269–283, 287, 290, 293, 303, 316, 327, 329, 341–2, 357, 366–9

Naipaul,V.S. 27

names and naming 33, 40, 56, 104, 158, 180, 208, 242

narrative 10, 27, 49, 53, 67–8, 70–2, 76–8, 91, 93–4, 98, 101, 104, 117, 120, 125, 142–3, 151, 159, 164, 166, 170, 172, 175, 178–9, 207, 217, 223, 225, 236–40, 245–7, 270, 272, 274, 276–80, 283–290, 296, 300, 306–9, 312, 316, 329, 334–5, 339, 341–2, 382, 387, 389, 407

Nash, C. 284

Nash, D. 354

nation-state and nationalism 23, 100–1, 142, 155, 157, 162–6, 169–72, 180, 182, 202, 253, 259, 262, 264, 319, 321–2, 335–6, 338, 353–6, 362, 364–73, 377, 382, 388–9, 395

nature 11–12, 34, 50, 59, 74, 102–3, 127, 145–6, 172–3, 176–9, 186, 188–9, 219, 226, 229, 273, 278, 281, 301–2, 305, 315–17, 320, 323–4, 331, 334, 336, 338–41, 367, 381

Needham, R. 35, 37, 173, 220–1, 225, 306–7

Neisser, U. 54, 346

network 43, 107–8, 120, 154–5, 184, 201, 225, 253, 290–293, 295, 297–9, 303, 321, 338, 341, 374–7, 379

New Age 233, 318

Nietzsche, F. 36, 38–40, 84–6, 126, 187, 206–8, 210–12, 216, 238, 268, 294, 296, 302–4, 313, 361, 384, 408

Nkosi, L. 264 non-places 293–294

norm 1, 3, 6, 12, 36, 46, 52, 54, 58,