The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion by John Hinnells

service of history of religion

186–8; religious

diversity and

65–8; rise of the new

62–5;

uses of theological history

58–9

religious language

111–13; post-structuralist

rethinking of language and text

282–3

religious pluralism

13, 36, 63, 67, 113–14, 426–

38; dialogue and the theology of religions

435–7; exclusivism and

115, 427, 432, 434,

436; inclusivism

426, 427, 432, 434; Myth

of Christian Uniqueness school

426–30;

non-reductive

437–8; perspectival pluralism

39; presuppositions 430–1; secularization

and

315–16; shift towards

41, 107; and the

significance of difference

433–4; theological

positions and

431–2

religious prejudice

9

religious resurgence

145, 154; deprivatization

and

156–8

religious studies 125–40, 534–6; aim of

5–18;

anthropological studies on religion see

anthropology of religion; bias in

14–16;

in Britain

131–4; in Canada

129–31;

and change in the new world

12–13;

cognitive science of religion

528–33 see also

cognitive science; common presuppositions

9–10; comparative studies of religions see

comparative religion; congresses, conferences

and consultations

36; current tensions

in

52–3; defining religion see defining

religion; diaspora communities see diaspora

communities; economic studies on religion

see economics of religion; encyclopedic

treatments of

126–9; environment

and the study of religion see religious

environmentalism; feminist

47; global

context of

39–42; globally

138–9; historical

motive, material and method

21–6; history

of religion school

29–30; insider/outsider

perspectives

259–71; in the last fifty years

scientific enterprise

139–40; social sciences

and

30, 50–1, 65 see also social sciences;

sociological perspectives on religion see

sociology of religion; spatial study of religion

476–88; terminology

16–18; theology and

13–14, 98–100; theoretical beginnings

42–4;

theories of religion see theories of religion; in

USA

134–8

religious texts see sacred texts

religious transmission

149, 227, 237, 548;

cognitive science and

532–3, 534, 536, 537;

in diaspora communities

566, 574; through

texts see sacred texts; see also mission

religious violence

1, 7; Christian

364; Islamic

militancy in the Middle East

364–7; see also

terrorism

Remus, H.

126–7, 128

renewal rites

238, 239

revelation

25, 32, 227, 228, 403, 436

Ricci, Matteo

25

Ricouer, P. 206, 221, 418–19

Riesebrodt, M.

157–8, 159

ritual: as alleviation of fear and guilt

390–1;

classical theories 387–8; cognitive theory

of 529–30; and the environment

503–4; as

expression of belief

388–90; as instillment of

belief

391–3; magic and

166–7, 391; myth

and

384–7; as ordering of the world

393; as

reconciliation of contradictions 391–3; rites

of passage

44, 230, 239, 484, 574; rites of

purification

231, 239; rites of renewal 238,

239

Rivers, E.

452

Rizzuto, A.-M. 191

Robbins, J.

174

Robertson, Pat

453

Robertson, W.

60–1

Roberts, Oral

453

Roman Catholicism: economics and celibacy

466; Enlightenment and

60; and the

environment

497; feminism and

47; Freud

190; Galileo affair

510, 515; Irish Catholics

overseas

558–9, 560; nationalism

455, 456;

and non-Christian religions 433, 435–6;

the numinous

331; religious dialogue

228;

Scholasticism

95–6, 413; Vatican II

62,

108, 228, 433, 435–6

Romanticism

26

Rosenblum, J.

354

Royal Society

400

Runzo, J.

114

Rushdie, S.

565; Rushdie affair

67

Russell, R.

514

Russia

349–50

Russian Orthodox Church

454

Saadiah, ben Joseph Gaon

447

Sacks, J.

438

sacred histories

237–8

sacredness/the sacred

33, 34; Eliade and

the sacred

213–14, 231–2; encountering

God through

77; media, popular culture

and

554; sacrality of nature

232–3; sacred

symbols

34, 230; see also holiness/the holy

sacred order

238–9

sacred pole

233–4

sacred space

213, 232, 239, 479–80, 485;

pilgrimage and

483–4; secular space and

487–8; see also spatial study of religion

sacred texts

9–10; authorship

402–3;

Bible see Bible; fake

298; Hindu

7, 26,

58, 329, 335, 359, 403–4, 450 see also

specific texts; historical consciousness and

reappraisal of

404–5; interpretation of see

hermeneutics; Islamic

58–9, 106 see also

Qur’an/Koran; Jewish

401–2 see also Bible;

layers of scripture

403–4; post-structuralist

rethinking of language and text

282–3;

religious authority and

398–9, 402–5, 408;

Sikh

399, 407, 408

sacred time

232; see also mythic time

Sahaja Yoga

346

Said, E. 47, 88, 89, 292, 293, 294, 296, 297,

300; fundamentalism

355–6

salvation

113, 114, 115, 148, 381, 433; cults,

sects and

152, 341; liberation and 429

Sati 248, 301

Saussure, F. de

278–9, 280–1

Scheler, M.

206, 210–11

Schleiermacher, F. D. E.

34, 35, 97, 102, 206,

328, 415

Scholasticism

95–6, 413

Schorsch, I.

495

Schüssler Fiorenza, E.

251, 252

science: clash with religion

51, 400–1, 509–10,

soul

520–1; technology, ethics, politics and

religion

521–2

Scientology

350

Scopes ‘monkey trial’

516

scripture see sacred texts

Seager, R.

67

Searle-Chatterjee, M. 567

sectarianism

31, 126, 152

sects

152, 313, 341, 469, 472; mystical

237;

Protestant

148; see also cults; New Religious

Movements (NRMs)

secularization

36, 145, 158–9, 306–19, 327;

antecedents of contemporary theories

308–

9; and confusion

315; definitions

306–7; as

differentiation

157, 158–9; paths of

151–2;

privatization and

152–4, 157; ‘rational

choice’ model

314–15 see also rational

choice theory; ‘religious economies’ model

312–13; religious pluralism and 315–16;

sectarianism and

152; structural conditions

of

154–5; Weber

149, 308; Wilson and the

great secularization debate

309–18

secular life: post-secularity

337; religious

patterns in

239; secular as outside position

in insider/outsider problem

270–1 see also

insider/outsider perspectives in study of

religion; spatial study of religion in secular

context

487–8

Segal, R.

221

self-actualization (Maslow)

193

Self, as archetype

197

semiotics

278–9, 286

Serbian nationalism

456

Sered, S.

172, 253

sex/gender see gender/sex

Shahrastani, al106

shamanism

22, 171–2, 187, 406

Sharf, R.

295

Sharpe, E. J. 138, 212

Sharpton, Al (Alfred Charles)

452

Shas (Sephardim Guardians of the Torah)

363–4, 367

Shaw, R.

170, 172

Shepard, R. S.

134

Shiv Sena

358–9

Sikhism: authority 407–8; diaspora

communities

11, 558, 559–60; as a ‘discreet

ethnic group’

571; environmentalism

498;

insider/outsider perspectives and

259–60;

militancy in India

358; religious history 66;

texts

399, 407, 408; turban

486

Singer, M.

348

Singh, D.

260

Sinha, M.

302

of religion

214; and the insider/outsider

problem

260, 261, 263; methodological

agnosticism 43, 214, 261, 267; the numinous

and the mystic 330–1

Smith, Adam

461

Smith, G. E.

30

480–3

Spencer, Herbert

33

Sperber, D.

533

spirit possession

171–2, 381

spirits

166, 187, 190, 316, 406, 486; ancestral

189; evil

23, 381; placation of 389;

possession by

171–2, 381

Spiro, M.

45

Spivak, G.

47, 52

Sri Lanka: Buddhism and politics 449;

theological history 59

Staal, F.

334, 335

Stace, W. T.

332

Stanley, A. P.

61

Starbuck, E. D. 31, 192

Stark, R. 50–1, 312–14, 316, 470, 471; and

Bainbridge, W. S. 155, 312–13, 341, 466–7;

and Iannaccone, L. R. 314, 315

Stoics

118, 374

Stoller, P.

171

Strauss, D. F.

52

structural-functionalism 167, 171

structuralism

277–8, 279; shift to post-

structuralism 279–81

Stump, R.

479, 487

Sturrock, J.

277

subjectivity

285–6

suffering

11, 169, 170, 176; Islam and 365,

117–18

Sufism 106, 328

Sundén, H.

187

Sutcliffe, S.

568

Suzuki, D. T.

295

Swinburne, R. 112, 435

Sykes, N.

62

Sylvan, R.

547, 548

symbolism

13, 156, 172–3, 216, 553; allegorical

truths

227; civil religion and 454; of

collective identity

34, 358, 406, 455, 565–6;

Eliade

213, 231, 232–3, 380; Geertz 44;

hermeneutics and

412, 418; Jungian school

post-structuralism and the symbolic

285–6;

reductionist view of

113; of ritual

390,

391 see also ritual; sacred symbols 34, 230;

totemic symbols 34, 166, 230; women’s

symbolic discourses

253

Tabari, al-

59

Tacitus

23

Taliban

455, 456

Tambiah, S.

45

Tart, C.

328

Taussig, M.

175

Taylor, C.

316–17

Taylor, M. C. 136–7, 280–1

teleological arguments 118–19

Teresa of Avila

286, 328

terrorism

1, 8; 9/11 attack 255, 456; ‘War on

Terrorism’

456–7

Thapar, R.

66

Thatcher, Margaret 7

theism 115–16; and the problems of evil and

suffering

120–2

theology 93–109; academic: early history in

Europe

95–6; academic: in the modern

university 96–100; beyond the academy

94–5; black

452; Buddhist

107; Christian

contemporary developments

108; definitions

of theology and academic theology 93–4;

demythologization 380–2; dialogue and

the theology of religions

435–7; and the

environment

493–6; feminist 452; future of

108–9; Hindu 107; Islamic

105–7; Jewish

104–5; liberation theology 452; mysticism

and Christian theology

324, 330, 331;

81–2; origin and function of religion 75–6

see also function of religion; postmodern 82–

5; religion as a category 85–90; religionist

77–8, 79–82; from religious studies 77–8;

social scientific

78–9; truth of religion 76–7

Thomas Aquinas

95–6, 116, 117, 413; see also

Thomism

Thomas, K. 62

Thomistic contingency argument

117, 118

Thompson, E. 62, 63

thoughts, omnipotence of (Freud)

189

Thrower, J. 66

Tibetan Buddhism

449

Tiele, C. P. 210, 260

Tillich, P. 102, 206, 423

Tölöyan, K. 562

totemism

166, 189; totemic principle 230

Tracy, D.

427, 434

tradition: cultural translation and

564, 565,

569–70; religious authority and

405–6; re-

traditionalisation 565–6

(AAR)

41, 134–5, 136, 546; Christian

fundamentalism

360–1, 450–1; evolution/

creation debate

516, 519–20; Islam

67;

Pluralism Project, Harvard

560; politics

and religion 8; religion and change

12;

religious environmentalism

501; religious

studies

134–8; science and religion conflict

516; ‘War on Terrorism’ 456–7; Western

dominance and

292; Wilson on US religious

affiliation

311; World’s Parliament of

Religions

36

universalism

228, 429, 430; and the Myth of

Christian Uniqueness school 426–30

Urban, H.

275

worship

25, 399, 466, 550; of the dead 33;

of natural phenomena 23, 227; in schools

132; see also liturgy; prayer

Wuthnow, R.

150

Zaehner, R. C. 9, 16–17, 331–2, 334

Zaqzûq, M. H.

300

Zelizer, V.

468

Zimbabwe 499, 503

Zionism

361–4, 367, 455

Zoroaster

17, 29, 187

Zoroastrianism

6–7, 9, 16–18, 571; see also

Parsis

Zwingli, Ulrich

414