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Myth A Very Short Introduction by Robert A. Segal

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Myth: A Very Short Introduction

This book by Robert A. Segal is a concise, elegant, erudite overview of the major nineteenth and twentieth century theories of myth, using the Adonis narrative as a litmus test case for various approaches.

Alan Dundes, Professor of Anthropology and Folklore,

University of California, Berkeley

A delightfully clear, engagingly organized, and remarkably comprehensive treatment of theories of myth.

Ivan Strenski, Holstein Family and Community Professor, Department of

Religious Studies, University of California at Riverside

This is the most helpful orientation to the ﬁeld of mythological studies that I have ever encountered.

John Beebe, M.D., Past President, The C.G. Jung Institute of San Francisco

Segal writes to be understood and to instruct . . . One learns from the book much that will encourage and ease further reading.

William M. Calder III, William Abbott Oldfather Professor of the Classics,

University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign

This remarkably clear book is probably the widest-ranging presentation ever written of the various contemporary approaches to myth.

Antoine Faivre, Professor Emeritus at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Religious Studies, Sorbonne

The whole discussion is a profound exploration of a subject that touches on human experience, hopes, and expectations in religion, philosophy, drama, literature, and psychology.

John Rogerson, Professor Emeritus of Biblical Studies,

University of Shefﬁeld

VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way in to a new subject. They are written by experts, and have been published in more than 25 languages worldwide.

The series began in 1995, and now represents a wide variety of topics in history, philosophy, religion, science, and the humanities. Over the next few years it will grow to a library of around 200 volumes – a Very Short Introduction to everything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology.

Very Short Introductions available now:

ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY			CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY
Julia Annas			Simon Critchley
THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE			COSMOLOGY Peter Coles
John Blair			CRYPTOGRAPHY
ANIMAL RIGHTS		David DeGrazia	Fred Piper and Sean Murphy
ARCHAEOLOGY		Paul Bahn	DADA AND SURREALISM
ARCHITECTURE			David Hopkins
Andrew Ballantyne			DARWIN Jonathan Howard
ARISTOTLE Jonathan Barnes			DEMOCRACY Bernard Crick
ART HISTORY	Dana Arnold		DESCARTES Tom Sorell
ART THEORY	Cynthia Freeland		DRUGS Leslie Iversen


THE HISTORY OF				THE EARTH Martin Redfern
ASTRONOMY			Michael Hoskin	EGYPTIAN MYTH
ATHEISM	Julian Baggini			Geraldine Pinch
AUGUSTINE		Henry Chadwick		EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY
BARTHES	Jonathan Culler			BRITAIN Paul Langford
THE BIBLE	John Riches			THE ELEMENTS Philip Ball
BRITISH POLITICS				EMOTION Dylan Evans
Anthony Wright				EMPIRE	Stephen Howe
BUDDHA	Michael Carrithers			ENGELS	Terrell Carver
BUDDHISM		Damien Keown		ETHICS	Simon Blackburn
CAPITALISM		James Fulcher		THE EUROPEAN UNION
THE CELTS	Barry		Cunliffe	John Pinder
CHOICE THEORY				EVOLUTION
Michael Allingham				Brian and Deborah Charlesworth
CHRISTIAN ART			Beth Williamson	FASCISM	Kevin Passmore
CLASSICS	Mary Beard and			THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
John Henderson				William Doyle
CLAUSEWITZ		Michael Howard		FREUD	Anthony Storr
THE COLD WAR				GALILEO	Stillman Drake
Robert McMahon				GANDHI Bhikhu Parekh


GLOBALIZATION Manfred Steger					PLATO Julia Annas
HEGEL	Peter Singer				POLITICS Kenneth Minogue
HEIDEGGER			Michael Inwood		POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
HINDUISM			Kim Knott		David Miller
HISTORY		John H. Arnold			POSTCOLONIALISM
HOBBES		Richard Tuck			Robert Young
HUME	A. J. Ayer				POSTMODERNISM
IDEOLOGY			Michael Freeden		Christopher Butler
INDIAN PHILOSOPHY					POSTSTRUCTURALISM
Sue Hamilton					Catherine Belsey
INTELLIGENCE				Ian J. Deary	PREHISTORY Chris Gosden
ISLAM	Malise Ruthven				PRESOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY
JUDAISM		Norman Solomon			Catherine Osborne
JUNG	Anthony Stevens				PSYCHOLOGY		Gillian Butler and
KANT	Roger Scruton				Freda McManus
KIERKEGAARD				Patrick Gardiner	QUANTUM THEORY
THE KORAN				Michael Cook	John Polkinghorne
LINGUISTICS				Peter Matthews	ROMAN BRITAIN Peter Salway
LITERARY THEORY					ROUSSEAU	Robert Wokler
Jonathan Culler					RUSSELL A. C. Grayling
LOCKE	John Dunn				RUSSIAN LITERATURE
LOGIC	Graham Priest				Catriona Kelly
MACHIAVELLI				Quentin Skinner	THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
MARX	Peter Singer				S. A. Smith
MATHEMATICS Timothy Gowers					SCHIZOPHRENIA
MEDIEVAL BRITAIN					Chris Frith and Eve Johnstone
John Gillingham and					SCHOPENHAUER
Ralph A. Grifﬁths					Christopher Janaway
MODERN IRELAND Senia Pasˇeta					SHAKESPEARE		Germaine Greer
MOLECULES			Philip Ball		SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
MUSIC	Nicholas Cook				ANTHROPOLOGY
MYTH	Robert A. Segal				John Monaghan and Peter Just
NIETZSCHE			Michael Tanner		SOCIOLOGY	Steve Bruce
NINETEENTH-CENTURY					SOCRATES C. C. W. Taylor
BRITAIN			Christopher Harvie and		SPINOZA Roger Scruton
H. C. G. Matthew					STUART BRITAIN John Morrill
NORTHERN IRELAND					TERRORISM	Charles Townshend
Marc Mulholland					THEOLOGY	David F. Ford
PARTICLE PHYSICS Frank Close					THE TUDORS		John Guy
PAUL	E. P. Sanders				TWENTIETH-CENTURY
PHILOSOPHY				Edward Craig	BRITAIN	Kenneth O. Morgan
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE					WITTGENSTEIN		A. C. Grayling
Samir Okasha					WORLD MUSIC		Philip Bohlman

Available soon:


AFRICAN HISTORY			HIEROGLYPHS	Penelope Wilson
John Parker and Richard Rathbone			HIROSHIMA	B. R. Tomlinson
ANCIENT EGYPT Ian Shaw			HUMAN EVOLUTION
THE BRAIN		Michael O’Shea	Bernard Wood
BUDDHIST ETHICS			INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Damien Keown			Paul Wilkinson
CHAOS	Leonard Smith		JAZZ Brian Morton
CHRISTIANITY			MANDELA Tom Lodge
Linda Woodhead			MEDICAL ETHICS
CITIZENSHIP		Richard Bellamy	Tony Hope
CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE			THE MIND Martin Davies
Robert Tavernor			NATIONALISM
CLONING Arlene Judith Klotzko			Steven Grosby
CONTEMPORARY ART			PERCEPTION	Richard Gregory
Julian Stallabrass			PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
THE CRUSADES			Jack Copeland and Diane Proudfoot
Christopher Tyerman			PHOTOGRAPHY
DERRIDA	Simon Glendinning		Steve Edwards
DESIGN	John Heskett		THE RAJ Denis Judd
DINOSAURS		David Norman	THE RENAISSANCE
DREAMING		J. Allan Hobson	Jerry Brotton
ECONOMICS		Partha Dasgupta	RENAISSANCE ART
EXISTENTIALISM Thomas Flynn			Geraldine Johnson
THE FIRST WORLD WAR			SARTRE Christina Howells
Michael Howard			THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
FREE WILL Thomas Pink			Helen Graham
FUNDAMENTALISM			TRAGEDY Adrian Poole
Malise Ruthven			THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
HABERMAS		Gordon Finlayson	Martin Conway

For more information visit our web site

www.oup.co.uk/vsi

Robert A. Segal

MYTH

A Very Short Introduction

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.

It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in

Oxford New York

Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto

With ofﬁces in

Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan South Korea Poland Portugal Singapore Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam

Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries

Published in the United States

by Oxford University Press Inc., New York

The moral rights of the author have been asserted

Database right Oxford University Press (maker)

First published as a Very Short Introduction 2004

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press,

or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above

You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Data available

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Data available

ISBN 0–19–280347–6

1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2

Typeset by ReﬁneCatch Ltd, Bungay, Suffolk

Printed in Great Britain by

TJ International Ltd., Padstow, Cornwall

In memory of Skip, a beloved cat

This page intentionally left blank

Contents

	List of illustrations		x
	Introduction: Theories of myth 1
1	Myth and science	11
2	Myth and philosophy		36
3	Myth and religion	46
4	Myth and ritual	61
5	Myth and literature		79
6	Myth and psychology		91
7	Myth and structure		113
8	Myth and society	126

Conclusion: The future of the study of myth 137

References 143

Index 159

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