Մաթևոսյան Կ., Անին և անեցիները, 2021

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ANI AND ITS CITIZENS

SUMMARY

In the history of medieval Armenia, the city of Ani has played an exceptionally important role not only as a political and spiritual center of the country but also as a place for the development of urban life, economy, crafts and trade, culture and art. Under the Bagratuni kings, Ani served as a royal residence and also as a seat of the Armenian catholicoi.

The history and rich cultural heritage of Ani, especially its architecture, have been the subject of numerous studies. Respectable literature has been created about it for over two hundred years. The present study differs from the previous editions on Ani as it is dedicated not only to the city but also to its nearby settlements and monasteries, as well as to the population of Ani (in a separate chapter). Most of the information about the latter is preserved in the epigraphic inscriptions of the city, its nearby monasteries, and colophons of the manuscripts produced there. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the city in a wider administrative-territorial sphere, that is, to make the subject of study the city with its immediate surroundings. It is known that Ani had large suburbs, at the same time it formed an administrative, religious-ecclesiastical whole with several famous monasteries around the city, such as Horomos, Bagnayr, and Arjoarich. The most important of these was Horomos, and it would not be an exaggeration to call it the main monastery of Ani, as it was the royal cemetery of the Bagratuni kings.

The book consists of two sections: the first section is dedicated to the history of the city, especially of the Bagratuni period, which is presented under the title Ani as a Capital and Seat of Catholicoi. The events of the post-Bagratuni period and its cultural life are also briefly described. The second section deals with the inclusion of the city and some urban development issues. The ancient parts of Ani (Inner Fortress, Citadel, Small Town), roads, etc. are presented through the historical sources. We also referred to the suburbs, nearby monasteries, and fortresses. The monasteries of Horomos, Bagnayr, Arjoarich, as well as the fortresses of Tignis and Tsarakar-Maghasberd and the nearby Tsaravan settlement, are presented in separate subsections.

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The second section of the book is dedicated to the citizens of Ani. It is a new approach, as no such research has been done so far not only on the population of Ani but also on the population of any other city of medieval Armenia. The inhabitants of Ani were the kings and queens, catholicoi and bishops, princes and their families, as well as the clergymen, military and other figures, and the urban population. In this section, we first refer to the noble families of Ani, the famous Pahlavunis, Smbat Magistros, founder of Bagnayr Monastery, and his family, Grigor Apirat Magistros, who built Kecharis Monastery, and the HasanianApiratian family.

Ani's large urban population consisted of craftsmen, merchants, various workers, and other groups. Ani can be considered a leader among the cities of Armenia in the eleventh-fourteenth centuries in terms of the information preserved about urban clans or large families, to who a part of the study is dedicated. At the end of the book, there is a list of citizens and people related to the city, based on the data of the sources, which includes 783 names.

Ani was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2016, which increased the interest in it. Therefore, it is very important to study the historical, cultural and civilizational role of Ani and present it to the world community. In this regard, the current edition aims to draw attention to the Armenian monasteries and other monuments around Ani, which during the medieval period were closely connected with the city, in fact, were part of it. Today, they do not have monument status in Turkey and are in a disconsolate state.

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