

MOTOROLA
SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA
Order this document by MJ10020/D
Designer's Data Sheet
SWITCHMODE Series
NPN Silicon Power Darlington Transistors with Base-Emitter Speedup Diode
The MJ10020 and MJ10021 Darlington transistors are designed for high±voltage, high±speed, power switching in inductive circuits where fall time is critical. They are particularly suited for line operated switchmode applications such as:
•AC and DC Motor Controls
•Switching Regulators
•Inverters
•Solenoid and Relay Drivers
•Fast Turn±Off Times
150 ns Inductive Fall Time at 25_C (Typ) 750 ns Inductive Storage Time at 25_C (Typ)
•Operating Temperature Range ±65 to +200_C
•100_C Performance Specified for:
Reversed Biased SOA with Inductive Loads Switching Times with Inductive Loads Saturation Voltages
Leakage Currents
≈ 100 |
≈ 15 |
MJ10020
MJ10021
60 AMPERE
NPN SILICON
POWER DARLINGTON
TRANSISTORS
200 AND 250 VOLTS
250 WATTS
CASE 197A±05
TO±204AE (TO±3)
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Rating |
Symbol |
MJ10020 |
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MJ10021 |
Unit |
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Collector±Emitter Voltage |
VCEO |
200 |
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250 |
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Vdc |
Collector±Emitter Voltage |
VCEV |
300 |
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350 |
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Vdc |
Emitter Base Voltage |
VEB |
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8.0 |
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Vdc |
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Collector Current Ð Continuous |
IC |
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60 |
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Adc |
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Ð Peak (1) |
ICM |
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100 |
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Base Current Ð Continuous |
IB |
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20 |
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Adc |
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Ð Peak (1) |
IBM |
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30 |
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Total Power Dissipation @ TC = 25_C |
PD |
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250 |
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Watts |
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@ TC = 100_C |
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143 |
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Derate above 25_C |
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1.43 |
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W/ C |
Operating and Storage Junction Temperature Range |
TJ, Tstg |
± 65 to +200 |
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_C |
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristic |
Symbol |
Max |
Unit |
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Thermal Resistance, Junction to Case |
RqJC |
0.7 |
_C/W |
Maximum Lead Temperature for Soldering Purposes: |
TL |
275 |
_C |
1/8″ from Case for 5 Seconds |
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(1) Pulse Test: Pulse Width = 5 ms, Duty Cycle v 10%. |
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Designer's and SWITCHMODE are trademarks of Motorola, Inc.
Designer's Data for ªWorst Caseº Conditions Ð The Designer 's Data Sheet permits the design of most circuits entirely from the information presented. SOA Limit curves Ð representing boundaries on device characteristics Ð are given to facilitate ªworst caseº design.
Motorola, Inc. 1995

MJ10020 |
MJ10021 |
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ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TC = 25_C unless otherwise noted) |
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Characteristic |
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Symbol |
Min |
Typ |
Max |
Unit |
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OFF CHARACTERISTICS |
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Collector±Emitter Sustaining Voltage (Table 1) |
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MJ10020 |
VCEO(sus) |
200 |
Ð |
Ð |
Vdc |
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(IC = 100 mA, IB = 0) |
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MJ10021 |
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250 |
Ð |
Ð |
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Collector Cutoff Current |
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ICEV |
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mAdc |
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(VCEV = Rated Value, VBE(off) = 1.5 Vdc) |
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Ð |
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0.25 |
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(VCEV = Rated Value, VBE(off) = 1.5 Vdc, TC = 150_C) |
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5.0 |
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Collector Cutoff Current |
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ICER |
Ð |
Ð |
5.0 |
mAdc |
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(VCE = Rated VCEV, RBE = 50 Ω, TC = 100_C) |
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Emitter Cutoff Current |
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IEBO |
Ð |
Ð |
175 |
mAdc |
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(VEB = 2.0 V, IC = 0) |
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SECOND BREAKDOWN |
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Second Breakdown Collector Current with base forward biased |
IS/b |
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See Figure 13 |
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Clamped Inductive SOA with Base Reverse Biased |
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RBSOA |
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See Figure 14 |
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ON CHARACTERISTICS (1) |
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DC Current Gain |
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hFE |
75 |
Ð |
1000 |
Ð |
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(IC = 15 Adc, VCE = 5.0 V) |
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Collector±Emitter Saturation Voltage |
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VCE(sat) |
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Vdc |
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(IC = 30 Adc, IB = 1.2 Adc) |
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Ð |
Ð |
2.2 |
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(IC = 60 Adc, IB = 4.0 Adc) |
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Ð |
Ð |
4.0 |
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(IC = 30 Adc, IB = 1.2 Adc, TC = 100_C) |
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Ð |
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2.4 |
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Base±Emitter Saturation Voltage |
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VBE(sat) |
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Vdc |
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(IC = 30 Adc, IB = 1.2 Adc) |
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Ð |
Ð |
3.0 |
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(IC = 30 Adc, IB = 1.2 Adc, TC = 100_C) |
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Ð |
Ð |
3.5 |
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Diode Forward Voltage |
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Vf |
Ð |
2.5 |
5.0 |
Vdc |
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(IF = 30 Adc) |
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DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS |
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Output Capacitance |
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Cob |
175 |
Ð |
700 |
pF |
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(VCB = 10 Vdc, IE = 0, ftest = 1.0 kHz) |
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SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS |
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Resistive Load (Table 1) |
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Delay Time |
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td |
Ð |
0.02 |
0.2 |
μs |
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Rise Time |
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(VCC = 175 Vdc, IC = 30 A, |
t |
Ð |
0.30 |
1.0 |
μs |
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IB1 = Adc, VBE(off) = 5.0 V, tp = 25 μs |
r |
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Storage Time |
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ts |
Ð |
1.0 |
3.5 |
μs |
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Duty Cycle v 2.0%). |
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Fall Time |
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tf |
Ð |
0.07 |
0.5 |
μs |
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Inductive Load, Clamped (Table 1) |
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Storage Time |
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ICM = 30 A(pk), VCEM = 200 V, IB1 = 1.2 A, |
tsv |
Ð |
1.2 |
3.5 |
μs |
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Crossover Time |
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VBE(off) = 5 V, TC = 100°C) |
t |
Ð |
0.45 |
2.0 |
μs |
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c |
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Storage Time |
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(ICM = 30 A(pk), VCEM = 200 V, IB1 = 1.2 A, |
tsv |
Ð |
0.75 |
Ð |
μs |
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Crossover Time |
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tc |
Ð |
0.25 |
Ð |
μs |
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V |
= 5 V, T |
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= 25°C) |
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BE(off) |
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C |
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Fall Time |
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tfi |
Ð |
0.15 |
Ð |
μs |
(1) Pulse Test: PW = 300 μs, Duty Cycle v 2%.
2 |
Motorola Bipolar Power Transistor Device Data |

MJ10020 MJ10021
TYPICAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
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1000 |
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TJ = 100°C |
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700 |
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500 |
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GAIN |
200 |
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TJ = 25°C |
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CURRENT |
100 |
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70 |
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, DC |
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50 |
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FE |
30 |
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h |
VCE = 5.0 V |
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20 |
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10 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
7.0 |
10 |
20 |
30 |
50 |
70 |
100 |
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1.0 |
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IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS) |
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Figure 1. DC Current Gain
(VOLTS) |
3.0 |
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2.7 |
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VOLTAGE |
2.4 |
IC/IB = 25 |
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2.1 |
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1.8 |
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, COLLECTOR±EMITTER |
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1.5 |
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1.2 |
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° |
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TJ = 25 C |
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0.9 |
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TJ = 100°C |
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0.6 |
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0.3 |
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CE |
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V |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
6.0 |
8.0 |
10 |
20 |
40 |
60 |
80 100 |
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IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS) |
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Figure 3. Collector±Emitter Saturation Voltage
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104 |
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VCE = 250 V |
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μA) |
103 |
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( |
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CURRENT |
102 |
TJ = 125°C |
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100°C |
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,COLLECTOR |
101 |
75°C |
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100 |
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C |
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I |
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25°C |
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10 ±1 |
0 |
+ 0.2 |
+ 0.4 |
+ 0.6 |
+ 0.8 |
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± 0.2 |
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VBE, BASE±EMITTER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) |
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Figure 5. Collector Cutoff Region
(VOLTS) |
5.0 |
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4.5 |
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TJ = 25°C |
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VOLTAGE |
4.0 |
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3.5 |
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3.0 |
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, COLLECTOR±EMITTER |
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= 60 A |
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2.5 |
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2.0 |
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= 30 A |
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1.5 |
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= 10 A |
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1.0 |
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0.5 |
IC = 1.0 A |
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CE |
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V |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.05 |
0.1 |
0.2 0.3 |
0.5 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
10 |
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IB, BASE CURRENT (AMPS) |
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Figure 2. Collector Saturation Region
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3.0 |
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(VOLTS) |
2.7 |
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2.4 |
IC/IB = 25 |
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VOLTAGE |
2.1 |
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1.8 |
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TJ = 25°C |
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,BASE±EMITTER |
1.5 |
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1.2 |
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TJ = 100°C |
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0.9 |
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0.6 |
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BE |
0.3 |
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V |
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0.1 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
7.0 |
10 |
20 |
30 |
50 |
70 |
100 |
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IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS) |
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Figure 4. Base±Emitter Voltage
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1000 |
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700 |
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(pF) |
500 |
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TJ = 25°C |
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CAPACITANCE |
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300 |
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200 |
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C, |
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100 |
5.0 |
7.0 |
10 |
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30 |
50 |
70 |
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200 |
300 |
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3.0 |
20 |
100 |
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VR, REVERSE VOLTAGE (VOLTS) |
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Figure 6. Output Capacitance
Motorola Bipolar Power Transistor Device Data |
3 |

MJ10020 MJ10021
Table 1. Test Conditions for Dynamic Performance
INPUT |
CONDITIONS |
CIRCUIT |
VALUES |
TEST CIRCUITS |
VCEO(sus) |
RBSOA AND INDUCTIVE SWITCHING |
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20 Ω |
INDUCTIVE TEST CIRCUIT |
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1 |
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5 V |
TUT |
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0 |
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Rcoil |
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1 |
1N4937 |
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2 |
INPUT |
OR |
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Lcoil |
EQUIVALENT |
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SEE ABOVE FOR |
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Vclamp |
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DETAILED CONDITIONS |
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V |
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PW Varied to Attain |
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CC |
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IC = 100 mA |
2 |
RS = |
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0.1 Ω |
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Lcoil = 10 mH, VCC = 10 V |
Lcoil = 180 μH |
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Rcoil = 0.7 Ω |
Rcoil = 0.05 Ω |
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Vclamp = VCEO(sus) |
VCC = 20 V |
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OUTPUT WAVEFORMS |
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t1 Adjusted to |
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Obtain IC |
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ICM |
tf Clamped |
t1 |
≈ |
Lcoil (ICM) |
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t |
VCC |
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t1 |
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tf |
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Lcoil (ICM) |
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t2 |
≈ |
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VClamp |
VCEM |
V |
Test Equipment |
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clamp |
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TIME |
t |
Scope Ð Tektronix |
t2 |
475 or Equivalent |
RESISTIVE SWITCHING
TURN±ON TIME
1
2
IB1
IB1 adjusted to obtain the forced hFE desired
TURN±OFF TIME
Use inductive switching driver as the input to the resistive test circuit.
VCC = 175 V
RL = 5.6 Ω
Pulse Width = 25 μs
RESISTIVE TEST CIRCUIT
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TUT |
1 |
RL |
2 |
VCC |
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* Adjust ±V such that VBE(off) = 5 V except as required for RBSOA (Figure 14). |
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ICM |
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10 |
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VCEM |
V |
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9.0 |
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clamp |
(AMPS) |
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90% VCEM |
90% ICM |
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8.0 |
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7.0 |
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IC |
t |
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CURRENT |
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sv |
rv |
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fi |
ti |
6.0 |
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tc |
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5.0 |
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10% VCEM |
10% |
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4.0 |
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IC = 30 A |
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90% I |
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2% IC |
3.0 |
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IB1 = 1.2 A |
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B |
B1 |
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CM |
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B2(pk) |
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VCLAMP = 200 V |
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2.0 |
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= 25°C |
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1.0 |
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TIME |
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VBE(off), BASE±EMITTER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) |
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Figure 7. Inductive Switching Measurements |
Figure 8. Typical Peak Reverse Base Current |
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3.2 |
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2.4 |
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2.8 |
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ICM = 30 A |
2.1 |
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s) |
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IC/IB = 25 |
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STORAGE VOLTAGE |
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tsv @ 100°C |
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tsv @ 25°C |
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c |
0.8 |
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0.6 |
TIME |
t |
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tc @ 100°C |
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s)μ |
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tc @ 25°C |
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2.0 |
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4.0 |
5.0 |
6.0 |
7.0 |
8.0 |
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VBE(off), BASE±EMITTER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 9. Typical Inductive Switching Times
4 |
Motorola Bipolar Power Transistor Device Data |

MJ10020 MJ10021
SWITCHING TIMES NOTE
In resistive switching circuits, rise, fall, and storage times have been defined and apply to both current and voltage waveforms since they are in phase. However, for inductive loads which are common to SWITCHMODE power supplies and hammer drivers, current and voltage waveforms are not in phase. Therefore, separate measurements must be made on each waveform to determine the total switching time. For this reason, the following new terms have been defined.
tsv = Voltage Storage Time, 90% IB1 to 10% VCEM trv = Voltage Rise Time, 10±90% VCEM
tfi = Current Fall Time, 90±10% ICM tti = Current Tail, 10±2% ICM
tc = Crossover Time, 10% VCEM to 10% ICM
An enlarged portion of the inductive switching waveforms is
shown in Figure 7 to aid in the visual identity of these terms. For the designer, there is minimal switching loss during storage time and the predominant switching power losses occur during the crossover interval and can be obtained us-
ing the standard equation from AN±222A:
PSWT = 1/2 VCC IC (tc) f
In general, trv + tfi ^ tc. However, at lower test currents this relationship may not be valid.
As is common with most switching transistors, resistive switching is specified at 25°C and has become a benchmark for designers. However, for designers of high frequency converter circuits, the user oriented specifications which make this a ªSWITCHMODEº transistor are the inductive switching speeds (tc and tsv) which are guaranteed at 100_C.
RESISTIVE SWITCHING
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10 |
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7.0 |
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VCC = 175 V |
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5.0 |
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3.0 |
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IC/IB = 25 |
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2.0 |
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TJ = 25°C |
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1.0 |
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μs) |
0.7 |
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0.5 |
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TIME |
0.3 |
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tr |
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0.2 |
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t, |
0.1 |
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0.07 |
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0.05 |
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td |
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0.03 |
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0.01 |
0.8 1.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
7.0 |
10 |
20 |
40 |
60 |
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0.6 |
IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS)
Figure 10. Typical Turn±On Switching Times
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2.0 |
VCC = 175 V |
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1.0 |
IC/IB = 25 |
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0.7 |
VBE(off) = 5 V |
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ts |
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0.5 |
TJ = 25°C |
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μs) |
0.3 |
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( |
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t, TIME |
0.2 |
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0.1 |
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tf |
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0.07 |
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0.05 |
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0.03 |
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0.02 |
0.6 0.81.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
7.0 |
10 |
20 |
40 |
60 |
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IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (AMPS) |
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Figure 11. Typical Turn±Off Switching Times
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1.0 |
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r(t), TRANSIENT THERMAL |
RESISTANCE (NORMALIZED) |
0.1 |
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SINGLE PULSE |
RθJC(t) = RθJC |
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P |
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(pk) |
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RθJC(t) = 0.7°C/W MAX |
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DETERMINE t2 FOR POWER |
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PULSE AND READ r(t) |
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t1 |
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T |
J(pk) |
= T |
C |
+ P |
(pk) |
Rθ |
(t) |
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JC |
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0.01 |
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0.1 |
1.0 |
10 |
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100 |
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1000 |
10000 |
t, TIME (ms)
Figure 12. Thermal Response
Motorola Bipolar Power Transistor Device Data |
5 |

MJ10020 MJ10021
The Safe Operating Area figures shown in Figures 13 and are specified for these devices under the test conditions shown.
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100 |
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10 μs |
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(AMP) |
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100 μs |
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10 |
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CURRENT |
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dc |
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1 ms |
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1.0 |
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,COLLECTOR |
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TC = 25°C |
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0.1 |
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BONDING WIRE LIMIT |
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C |
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THERMAL LIMIT (SINGLE PULSE) |
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0.01 |
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SECOND BREAKDOWN LIMIT |
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2.0 |
5.0 |
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200 |
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1.0 |
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250 |
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VCE, COLLECTOR±EMITTER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) |
Figure 13. Maximum Forward Bias Safe
Operating Area
(AMPS) |
100 |
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90 |
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IC/IB ≥ |
25 |
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80 |
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25°C ≤ TJ ≤ 100°C |
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CURRENT |
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COLLECTOR |
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VBE(off) = 5 V |
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TURN±OFF LOAD LINE |
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PEAK |
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20 |
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BOUNDARY FOR MJ10021 |
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THE LOCUS FOR MJ10020 |
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CM |
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IS 50 V LESS |
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300 |
VCEM, COLLECTOR±EMITTER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 14. Maximum RBSOA, Reverse Bias
Safe Operating Area
SAFE OPERATING AREA INFORMATION
FORWARD BIAS
There are two limitations on the power handling ability of a transistor: average junction temperature and second breakdown. Safe operating area curves indicate IC ± VCE limits of the transistor that must be observed for reliable operation, i.e., the transistor must not be subjected to greater dissipation than the curves indicate.
The data of Figure 13 is based on TC = 25_C; TJ(pk) is variable depending on power level. Second breakdown pulse
limits are valid for duty cycles to 10% but must be derated when TC ≥ 25_C. Second breakdown limitations do not derate the same as thermal limitations. Allowable current at the voltages shown on Figure 13 may be found at any case temperature by using the appropriate curve on Figure 15.
TJ(pk) may be calculated from the data in Figure 12. At high case temperatures, thermal limitations will reduce the
power that can be handled to values less than the limitations imposed by second breakdown.
REVERSE BIAS
For Inductive loads, high voltage and high current must be sustained simultaneously during turn±off, in most cases, with the base to emitter junction reverse biased. Under these conditions the collector voltage must be held to a safe level at or below a specific value of collector current. This can be accomplished by several means such as active clamping, RC snubbing, load line shaping, etc. The safe level for these devices is specified as Reverse Bias Safe Operating Area and represents the voltage±current condition allowable during reverse biased turn±off. This rating is verified under clamped conditions so that the device is never subjected to an avalanche mode. Figure 14 gives the RBSOA characteristics.
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100 |
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(%) |
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SECOND BREAKDOWN |
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80 |
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DERATING |
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FACTOR |
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DERATING |
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DERATING |
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POWER |
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80 |
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TC, CASE TEMPERATURE (°C) |
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Figure 15. Power Derating
6 |
Motorola Bipolar Power Transistor Device Data |

MJ10020 MJ10021
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
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A |
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N |
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C |
±T± |
SEATING |
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NOTES: |
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1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI |
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PLANE |
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Y14.5M, 1982. |
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D 2 PL |
K |
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2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. |
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INCHES |
MILLIMETERS |
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0.30 (0.012) M |
T |
Q |
M |
Y |
M |
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DIM |
MIN |
MAX |
MIN |
MAX |
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U |
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A |
1.530 REF |
38.86 REF |
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±Y± |
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B |
0.990 |
1.050 |
25.15 |
26.67 |
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V |
L |
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C |
0.250 |
0.335 |
6.35 |
8.51 |
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2 |
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D |
0.057 |
0.063 |
1.45 |
1.60 |
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B |
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E |
0.060 |
0.070 |
1.53 |
1.77 |
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H |
G |
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G |
0.430 BSC |
10.92 BSC |
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1 |
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H |
0.215 BSC |
5.46 BSC |
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K |
0.440 |
0.480 |
11.18 |
12.19 |
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L |
0.665 BSC |
16.89 BSC |
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±Q± |
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N |
0.760 |
0.830 |
19.31 |
21.08 |
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0.25 (0.010) M |
T |
Y |
M |
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Q |
0.151 |
0.165 |
3.84 |
4.19 |
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U |
1.187 BSC |
30.15 BSC |
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V |
0.131 |
0.188 |
3.33 |
4.77 |
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STYLE 1: |
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PIN 1. BASE |
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2. EMITTER |
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CASE: COLLECTOR |
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CASE 197A±05
TO±204AE (TO±3)
ISSUE J
Motorola Bipolar Power Transistor Device Data |
7 |

MJ10020 MJ10021
Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. ªTypicalº parameters can and do vary in different applications. All operating parameters, including ªTypicalsº must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
How to reach us: |
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◊ MJ10020/D
*MJ10020/D*