книга / 2011Pharmacologywk1
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Pharmacology
Teratogenic
Harmful effects on the fetus leading to developmental defects
Pharmacology
Interactions
Drug’s effect is modified by combining it with:
another drug
Food
Other substance
Aspirin
Antacids
alcohol
Pharmacology
Synergism
When the combination increases the effects of what has been taken
Can be life threatening
Antagonism
When the combination of drugs decreases the effects
The presence of an antagonist prevents the patient from receiving the beneficial action of a drug
REQUIRED AS AN ANTIDOTE
Pharmacology
Administration of drugs
Dosage
Amount of drug required to produce the specific desired effect in an adult
Usually expressed by weight or measure and a time factor (number of times per day)
Pharmacology
Administration of Drugs
Loading dose
A large first dose or first dose by injection to reach effective drug levels quickly
Dosage
Important to maintain effective blood levels
Pharmacology
Administration of Drugs
Based upon
Absorption
Transport in the blood
Half-life of the particular drug
More is NOT Better!
It may be toxic!
Pharmacology
Major routes for drug administration
Oral
Parenteral (injection)
Other methods
Inhalation
Brochodilator, absorption into blood
Topical
rectal
Pharmacology
Some drugs may only be administered through one route
Insulin
Would be destroyed by gastric enzymes if ingested
Pharmacology
Generic Names
Unique official simple name for a specific drug
Considered easy to remember accurately and used in many circumstances
Pharmacology
Trade Names
Proprietary name or Brand name
A trademark name assigned by a single manufacturer and to be used ONLY be that manufacturer
EXAMPLE: Generic name
“hydrocortisone”
Trade Names:
Cortaid, Synacort, Hydrocortone